Hasil untuk "Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention"

Seungyeon Lee, Eun Hak Lee

Giovanni Andrea Dimauro, Salvatore Cafiso, Alessandro Di Graziano et al.

This study proposes a modelling framework for simulating cyclist–vehicle interactions at urban intersections characterised by geometric constraints and variable visibility conditions. A Digital Model (DM) of the intersection geometry was developed in SUMO, complemented by a custom behavioural model calibrated using experimental trajectory data to capture cyclists’ and drivers’ perception–reaction and braking behaviour. These two components were combined to simulate scenarios with varying visibility conditions and perception-triggered braking responses in severe conflict situations. Results show that reduced visibility significantly reduces temporal safety margins, with over 50% of all simulated interactions yielding differential time-to-arrival (TTA₂) values below 2 s. Furthermore, obstructed conditions lead to higher- and more-dispersed relative crossing speeds (DV), typically increasing by 0.5–1.0 m/s compared to unobstructed conditions. Simulation data confirmed that clear visibility promotes anticipatory and adaptive user behaviour, whereas limited sightlines reduce braking availability and increase the likelihood and severity of conflicts, with distributions conditioned by the intersection’s geometry. The ability to generate detailed synthetic datasets of cyclist–vehicle interactions, often not obtainable through field observation, demonstrates the potential of the proposed framework for safety assessment. This approach supports the evaluation of mitigation strategies, including C-ITS-based solutions, and provides a basis for developing predictive AI models to enhance the safety of vulnerable road users.

Javier González-Alonso, Cristina Simón-Martínez, Míriam Antón-Rodríguez et al.

An end-to-end hardware-software pipeline is introduced to automatize ergonomics assessment in industrial workplaces. The proposed modular solution can interoperate with commercial systems throughout the ergonomics assessment phases involved in the process. The pipeline includes custom-designed Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors, two real-time worker movement acquisition tools, inverse kinematics processing and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) report generation. It is based on free tools such as Unity3D and OpenSim to avoid the problems derived from using proprietary technologies, such as security decisions being made under "black box" conditions. Experiments were conducted in an automotive factory in a workplace with WMSDs risk among workers. The proposed solution obtained comparable results to a gold standard solution, reaching measured joint angles a 0.95 cross-correlation and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) lower than 10 for elbows and 12 for shoulders between both systems. In addition, the global RULA score difference is lower than 5% between both systems. This work provides a low-cost solution for WMSDs risk assessment in the workplace to reduce musculoskeletal disorders and associated sick leave in industry, impacting the health of workers in the long term. Our study can ease further research and popularize the use of wearable systems for ergonomics analysis allowing these workplace prevention systems to reach different industrial environments.

T. Vítěz, Luboš Kotek, M. Černý et al.

The phenomenon of microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) has been known for more than 100 years, but its role as a cause of accidents in the process industry is still somewhat underestimated. Microbiologically induced corrosion is often associated with anaerobic environments, where microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria or methanogenic archaea are significantly involved in accelerating corrosion of metallic materials. This study aims to assess the significance of microbiologically induced corrosion in industrial accidents, identify facilities and conditions most at risk, and propose effective prevention strategies. Analysis of publicly available accident databases, together with expert assessment of operating conditions, suggests that MIC might be associated with roughly 10–20% of corrosion-related incidents; however, this range should be interpreted cautiously due to substantial limitations in reporting and confirmation practices. The presence of anaerobic microorganisms and biofilms substantially increases the likelihood of MIC, underscoring the need for systematic monitoring of microbial communities and environmental conditions to improve preventive measures and enhance plant safety. However, the analysis is limited by the incomplete and heterogeneous reporting of corrosion mechanisms in publicly accessible accident databases. Consequently, the estimated contribution of MIC should be interpreted with caution, as many events lack sufficient microbiological or environmental detail to allow definitive classification.

Md Nasim Khan, Subasish Das

G. Nasir, Waheed Asghar, Sohail Anwar

Abstract:  Fire Incidents in commercial markets situation substantial risks to life, economic stability and property. This research aims to explore the causes of fire incidents in Pakistan occurring in commercial markets and intends to find effective remedies for mitigating such cases. By studying historical data, conducting site visits and engaging with fire-fighting rescue team experts, we seek to identify common reasons behind these fires. The fundamental causes for fire incidents have numerous reasons as electricity, heating, human error, environmental atmosphere and failure of electrical equipment and short circuits at affected places. Introduction: Pakistan has experienced various fire incidents in its commercial markets, industrial areas and shopping malls. Recent tragedies, such as the fire at the RJ mall on Rashid Minhas Road and the factory fire in Mehran Town are the latest examples. The damage to human lives and losses during these incidents is often at a large scale and devastating. Moreover, the devastation of businesses, materials, goods and the setup affects the local economy and living. This study is to analyze the key objectives of fire incidents in Pakistan’s commercial marketplaces and suggest effective qualitative checks to mitigate such tragedies. The aim is to increase fire safety practices and safeguard physical materials and markets by identifying the root causes and suggesting targeted remedies accordingly.

Chunli Yang, Yi Liu, Yan Dong et al.

This study investigates the current state of research on confined-space work safety both domestically and internationally. Utilizing literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS) databases as primary sources, CiteSpace was employed for a visual knowledge mapping analysis. By comparing the Chinese and English literature, research hotspots and developmental trends in this field across different regions were identified. The results indicate that research on confined-space work safety in China is relatively limited and commenced later than in other regions. There is a low level of cooperation among domestic organizations and authors, and interdisciplinary collaboration needs significant improvement, hindering the advancement of communication within the discipline. In China, research has long focused on accidents and asphyxiation in confined spaces, particularly within industrial and commercial enterprises, with chemical enterprise safety emerging as a potential future research hotspot. Conversely, the English-language literature has historically focused on the mechanisms of accidents, with recent years seeing a diversification of research topics. In the future, the prevention and control of risks associated with confined-space work will likely focus on mitigating risks at the source. This will include incorporating safety considerations during the design stage and utilizing automated technologies to minimize the necessity for personnel entry, thereby reducing inherent risks. This study can help researchers to comprehensively learn hotspots and trends in confined-space work safety in China and internationally, and to identify potential directions for future research.

Mahfooz Ulhaq Bajwa, Wafaa Saleh, Grigorios Fountas

Road traffic fatalities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are continuing to rise, posing significant socio-economic and public health challenges. To prevent these road deaths and avoid the corresponding costs, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended implementing the vision zero approach to road safety. Vision Zero aims to eliminate road deaths and reduce serious injuries. It has been adopted by many developed countries, however LMICs have faced difficulties implementing this approach due to a lack of guidance. This study aims to develop a framework for implementing vision zero in LMICs by examining the processes in India and Sweden. A qualitative research approach with a multiple-case study design was utilized, selecting 16 participants through purposive and snowball sampling. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Grounded Theory method based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The study identified five core implementation steps such as agenda setting, approval, planning, monitoring and evaluation, and continuous improvement. Also, a set of influencing conditions such as preconditions, objectives, strategies, intervening factors and contextual conditions were identified. Furthermore, 38 implementation proposals were suggested in the framework to guide policymakers. The proposed framework provides a road map for LMICs that is intended to act as a guide for policymakers and road safety practitioners to enhance road safety performance in LMICs.

Eneko Osaba, Iñigo Perez Delgado, Alejandro Mata Ali et al.

This article explores the current state and future prospects of quantum computing in industrial environments. Firstly, it describes three main paradigms in this field of knowledge: gate-based quantum computers, quantum annealers, and tensor networks. The article also examines specific industrial applications, such as bin packing, job shop scheduling, and route planning for robots and vehicles. These applications demonstrate the potential of quantum computing to solve complex problems in the industry. The article concludes by presenting a vision of the directions the field will take in the coming years, also discussing the current limitations of quantum technology. Despite these limitations, quantum computing is emerging as a powerful tool to address industrial challenges in the future.

Ali Raza, Muhammad Farhan Khan, Zeeshan Alam et al.

This paper presents a joint framework that integrates reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with Terahertz (THz) communications and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to enhance smart industrial communications. The proposed system leverages the advantages of RIS and THz bands to improve spectral efficiency, coverage, and reliability key requirements for industrial automation and real-time communications in future 6G networks and beyond. Within this framework, two power allocation strategies are investigated: the first optimally distributes power between near and far industrial nodes, and the second prioritizes network demands to enhance system performance further. A performance evaluation is conducted to compare the sum rate and outage probability against a fixed power allocation scheme. Our scheme achieves up to a 23% sum rate gain over fixed PA at 30 dBm. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the RIS-assisted NOMA MIMO framework for THz enabled industrial communications.

Sathish Krishna Anumula, SVSV Prasad Sanaboina, Ravi Kumar Nagula et al.

The growing need to automate processes in industrial settings has led to tremendous growth in the robotic systems and especially the robotic arms. The paper assumes the design, modeling and control of a robotic arm to suit industrial purpose like assembly, welding and material handling. A six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic manipulator was designed based on servo motors and a microcontroller interface with Mechanical links were also fabricated. Kinematic and dynamic analyses have been done in order to provide precise positioning and effective loads. Inverse Kinematics algorithm and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller were also applied to improve the precision of control. The ability of the system to carry out tasks with high accuracy and repeatability is confirmed by simulation and experimental testing. The suggested robotic arm is an affordable, expandable, and dependable method of automation of numerous mundane procedures in the manufacturing industry.

Henry X. Liu, Xintao Yan, Haowei Sun et al.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have significantly advanced in real-world deployment in recent years, yet safety continues to be a critical barrier to widespread adoption. Traditional functional safety approaches, which primarily verify the reliability, robustness, and adequacy of AV hardware and software systems from a vehicle-centric perspective, do not sufficiently address the AV's broader interactions and behavioral impact on the surrounding traffic environment. To overcome this limitation, we propose a paradigm shift toward behavioral safety, a comprehensive approach focused on evaluating AV responses and interactions within traffic environment. To systematically assess behavioral safety, we introduce a third-party AV safety assessment framework comprising two complementary evaluation components: Driver Licensing Test and Driving Intelligence Test. The Driver Licensing Test evaluates AV's reactive behaviors under controlled scenarios, ensuring basic behavioral competency. In contrast, the Driving Intelligence Test assesses AV's interactive behaviors within naturalistic traffic conditions, quantifying the frequency of safety-critical events to deliver statistically meaningful safety metrics before large-scale deployment. We validated our proposed framework using \texttt{Autoware.Universe}, an open-source Level 4 AV, tested both in simulated environments and on the physical test track at the University of Michigan's Mcity Testing Facility. The results indicate that \texttt{Autoware.Universe} passed 6 out of 14 scenarios and exhibited a crash rate of 3.01e-3 crashes per mile, approximately 1,000 times higher than average human driver crash rate. During the tests, we also uncovered several unknown unsafe scenarios for \texttt{Autoware.Universe}. These findings underscore the necessity of behavioral safety evaluations for improving AV safety performance prior to widespread public deployment.

Zeynep Bahar, Duygu Bilgen Havva, Sarioguz Orcun

The problem of industrial accidents is still one of the most worrying issues in the global context, where each year, workplace accidents take more than 2.3 million lives and bring extensive financial losses. The study establishes new mechanisms of prevention of major industrial accidents using an extensive Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Quality (HSSEQ) management concept. The research combines behavior-based safety systems, new digital technologies, and tailor-made protocols that are specific to a risk. By analyzing implementation data collected in various industrial branches, the study will show that the implementation of this system can bring the total number of workplace incidents down to 96 percent and save millions of dollars, as it amounts to USD 1.7 million on average when 200,000 work hours are performed. The results indicate that it is possible to integrate digital solutions with the principles of behavioral science to make the safety management system more resilient and responsive, which can help overcome complex risks present within industries.

M. Ciftci, Mehmet Uğur Türkdamar, Celal Öztürk

Occupational safety encompasses a range of practices adopted to protect the health and safety of employees. In the construction and industrial sectors, employees may be exposed to various risks such as falls, impacts, temperature changes and the effects of chemical substances. For this reason, personal protective equipment (PPE) is an important element for protecting employees against risks. The effective use of equipment such as a hardhat, mask, and vest makes an important contribution to the prevention of occupational accidents and health problems by ensuring the safety of employees. This study conducted three separate experiments investigating the potential of deep learning methods on occupational safety. In the first experiment, the YOLOv5n and YOLOv8n models were trained on the same data set with ten classes, and their performance was compared. In the second experiment, the YOLOv8n model was trained on a 2-class dataset to examine how the number of classes affected the model's performance. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that it emphasized the potential of deep learning and object detection methods to quickly and effectively monitor and evaluate the use of personal protective equipment.

E. E. Fomina, A.S. Kuzminova

Although occupational health and industrial safety management systems were implemented a while ago and are maintained at many enterprises globally, until now, no sufficient proof of the efficiency of such systems in terms of prevention and mitigation of the number of accidents, industrial accidents, and professional illnesses has been obtained. Therefore, further development and distribution of such systems depend on the ability to demonstrate their efficiency and performance, which can be achieved by implementing relevant methods and tools to stimulate the operational efficiency of their systems. Using expert assessment methods and mathematical processing of the results, eight mandatory and sufficient indices of performance of a functioning integrated system of an oil and gas company, whose main business activity is the production of petroleum products, have been identified. The company operates hazardous production facilities in Russia. The obtained indices describe the injury frequency, the level of employees’ training and their satisfaction with personal protection equipment, the nature of violations of safety requirements, and funding the events aiming to improve the integrated occupational health and industrial safety management system. Using the weighted average value of the established indices of system’s performance has been considered. Applying the Harrington’s desirability assessment method, the satisfactory level of performance of the existing integrated system has been determined. The integrated system performance assessment must be conducted by employer on an annual basis, which facilitates the development of effective corrective measures and the continuous improvement of the system. The established performance indices may change depending on strategical and tactical goals of the company. The proposed methodology of comprehensive quantitative assessment of integrated system can be used by employers in order to improve the existing management systems.

G. Prakash, B. Sandhya, M. Anitha et al.

Worker’s safety is a top priority in today’s world, where they encounter numerous risks daily, especially women worker’s working in night shifts and in industrial sector. This implementation focuses on smart helmet for worker’s that ensures safety by providing real time communication and monitoring. Unlike existing device relies on unreliable Bluetooth, this device integrated with advanced sensors such as MQ3 for alcohol detection, Pulse for heart rate monitoring, and vibration sensors, all controlled by an ARDUINO UNO with AI and IOT technology. The helmet's active LCD display provides real-time feedback on critical metrics, while an integrated buzzer alarm swiftly alerts in case of accidents. A complementary mobile application enables remote monitoring of the wearer's well-being and precise location. This comprehensive approach not only addresses the urgent issue of worker's safety but also represents a significant advancement in leveraging technology for proactive prevention and rapid response for women.

Qianrui Hwang, Min Yao, Shugang Li et al.

At present, with the rapid development of China’s economy and industrial transformation, the situation of China’s occupational health and safety is grim, and at this stage, there are still problems such as unsound laws and regulations and standard system, weak awareness of the primary responsibility of the enterprise, weak supervisory, technical capacity, and backward application of information technology. Based on the current situation of occupational health and safety management at home and abroad and relevant theories, this study adopts the method of systematic review and takes the evaluation of China’s occupational health and safety management system as the theme and conducts a valuable exploration of the evaluation research of China’s occupational health and safety management system, analyzes the current situation of occupational health and safety from the aspects of prevention and control of occupational diseases, prevention and control of safety accidents, and monitoring of the psychology of insecurity, and researches the two aspects of governmental regulation and social responsibility It analyzes the current situation of occupational health and safety from the aspects of prevention and control of occupational diseases, prevention and control of safety accidents and monitoring of unsafe psychology, and studies the current situation of post-performance evaluation of the development of OHS management system from the aspects of government supervision and social responsibility, aiming at providing countermeasure suggestions for the sustainable development of OHS management system in China. The research indicates that in the context of the new economic normal, effectively safeguarding workers’ occupational health rights and interests, promoting sustainable and robust economic and social development, as well as enhancing the sustainability of China’s occupational health and safety management system have emerged as challenging yet pivotal areas for comprehensive exploration.

Kamugisha Kajumulo, Juma Matindana, Fatma Mohamed

Issues in construction safety in Tanzania cast a long shadow, claiming lives and hindering project success. Understanding the complex dynamics at play is crucial for improving safety performance. This research aims to develop a system dynamics model to understand the factors influencing safety performance in building construction projects. Smart PLS was used to identify key variables using factor reduction, and 19 factors were determined as key factors to be used in this study from 143 variables from a questionnaire; then, STELLA was used to develop system dynamic modelling. A study was conducted on 255 building construction projects in five regions of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Arusha, Mwanza, and Mbeya, and later, the model was tested in one contractor’s company. By simulating the interactions between these diverse elements and their impact on accident rates, it was found that both safety performance and safety management processes for construction projects are not stagnant but are expected to rise at the beginning of the project and to grow steadily as the project execution approaches its end. The sensitivity analysis conducted on the system dynamics model found that the extent, frequency, and cost of incidences are positively correlated. This study contributes facts on the status of safety climate, a new definition of safety climate, and the integration of different analysis methods in evaluating safety performance in Tanzania.

Leonid Savitskyi , Serhii Beznosenko , Roman Gorbach

Зважаючи на значущу роль інформаційно-комунікаційних систем на сучасному театрі бойових дій і враховуючи отриманий досвід ведення бойових операцій на сході України та після повномасштабного вторгнення російської федерації 24 лютого 2022 року, кібербезпека набуває надзвичайно важливого значення. Метою статті є огляд існуючих алгоритмів захисту та висловлення концептуальних поглядів на побудову систем захисту від кібератак із використанням методів штучного інтелекту. У статті застосовано теоретичні методи, а саме аналіз публікацій і досліджень за тематикою протидії кібератакам та захист систем передачі інформації. Також були використані загальнонаукові методи досліджень, серед яких використано аналітичні методи в оцінюванні ефективності системи, що розглядається у статті. Під час побудови графіків вжито елементи статистики та графо-аналітичні методи. Застосований методичний підхід дав змогу проаналізувати матеріали за темою дослідження, піддати аналізу отримані дані та удосконалити існуючі концептуальні погляди. У статті викладено сутність таких підходів до вирішення проблеми забезпечення безпеки інформаційно-комунікаційних систем як фрагментарний і комплексний. Також ретельно проаналізовано основні методи виявлення кібератак, а саме сигнатурний аналіз (метод виявлення зловживань) та метод виявлення аномалій. За результатами ретельного дослідження цих методів можна зазначити, що для досягнення високого рівня захищеності інформаційних ресурсів в інформаційно-комунікаційних системах обов’язково слід застосовувати методи, що базуються на виявленні аномалій. Ці методи проявляють неперевершену здатність виявляти найновіші кібератаки 0-day. Крім того, у статті проведено всебічний огляд основних засобів для виявлення та протидії кібератакам. Серед них такі технології: «Система виявлення вторгнень/Система запобігання вторгненням» (Intrusion Detection System/Intrusion Prevention System), «Мережевий екран» (Firewall), антивірусні програми та технології зі штучним інтелектом «Управління подіями та інформацією про безпеку» (Security information and event management). Пропонується для підвищення ефективності систем захисту в галузі кібербезпеки застосовувати елементи штучного інтелекту. Крім того, проведено огляд вже відомих даних і рішень у сфері кібербезпеки та виклад концептуальних поглядів авторів на застосування штучного інтелекту у цій сфері. На основі цих даних запропоновані нові та більш досконалі рішення. Основна мета інтегрування штучного інтелекту до системи захисту від кібератак полягає у його спроможності виявляти невідомі раніше кібератаки на основі сигнатур уже відомих атак. У роботі авторами також запропоновано визначення терміну «шаблон атаки». Спираючись на розглянуті в статті методи та запропоновані рішення можна покращити кіберзахист воєнно-оборонної сфери. Робота сприяє вдосконаленню процесів захисту від кібератак, що є критично важливим як для військових, так і для цивільних структур. Отже, ця стаття не лише спрямована на розвиток теоретичних основ захисту від кібернетичних загроз, але й має безпосередню практичну значущість у підвищенні рівня безпеки та ефективності захисних механізмів в інформаційно-комунікаційних системах. Впровадження такого підходу не лише дасть змогу істотно підвищити рівень кібернетичної захищеності в інформаційно-комунікаційних системах, але й може стати платформою для автоматичного створення експлойтів і сигнатур кібератак на підставі виявлених аномалій.

Zongjie Li, Wenying Qiu, Pingchuan Ma et al.

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) in various domains. To better serve the large number of Chinese users, many commercial vendors in China have adopted localization strategies, training and providing local LLMs specifically customized for Chinese users. Furthermore, looking ahead, one of the key future applications of LLMs will be practical deployment in industrial production by enterprises and users in those sectors. However, the accuracy and robustness of LLMs in industrial scenarios have not been well studied. In this paper, we present a comprehensive empirical study on the accuracy and robustness of LLMs in the context of the Chinese industrial production area. We manually collected 1,200 domain-specific problems from 8 different industrial sectors to evaluate LLM accuracy. Furthermore, we designed a metamorphic testing framework containing four industrial-specific stability categories with eight abilities, totaling 13,631 questions with variants to evaluate LLM robustness. In total, we evaluated 9 different LLMs developed by Chinese vendors, as well as four different LLMs developed by global vendors. Our major findings include: (1) Current LLMs exhibit low accuracy in Chinese industrial contexts, with all LLMs scoring less than 0.6. (2) The robustness scores vary across industrial sectors, and local LLMs overall perform worse than global ones. (3) LLM robustness differs significantly across abilities. Global LLMs are more robust under logical-related variants, while advanced local LLMs perform better on problems related to understanding Chinese industrial terminology. Our study results provide valuable guidance for understanding and promoting the industrial domain capabilities of LLMs from both development and industrial enterprise perspectives. The results further motivate possible research directions and tooling support.