Oral traditions have been considered a rich source of values that promote social and religious teachings. Local communities often narrate the values to their children to instill moral or religious teachings in an informal context. Instead, the values can enhance religious education; they are rarely incorporated into family religious education to strengthen religious education in schools. This study aims to investigate the narration of local oral traditions within families to support religious education in elementary schools. This study employs an ethnographic approach to understand the incorporation of oral traditions into Islamic religious education within families and at elementary schools in Sigi Regency, Indonesia. Data were gathered through participative observation, in-depth interviews with local community figures, parents, teachers, and students, and written document analysis. The data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The results of this study indicate that incorporating oral traditions into Islamic religious education can enhance local children and students’ understanding of the relevance of local cultural values and Islamic teachings. Relevant Islamic religious teachings from oral traditions include theological, social, and environmental values. Oral traditions can serve as a powerful educational resource within families and schools, helping to understand religion as lived in a rural, non-literate community context. We acknowledge the limitations of this study, which was conducted for 1 year and focused on oral tradition types. Future research might conduct longer ethnographies with more oral tradition types.
The work analyzes the archival heritage of museum institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as part of the Archives of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. Using the case of the R-1260 collection, the process of transferring the property of the F. Vovk Cabinet-Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology and the Museum of Ukrainian Scientists and Artists to the National Museum of History of Ukraine after the reorganization of the NAS of Ukraine, is examined, as well as the pre-revolutionary activities of the Museum of Arts, in particular the official correspondence of B. I. Khanenko, who was the founder of the museum. In the process of research, the epistolary heritage, lists of exhibits, plans and reports were highlighted. The analysis and classification of archival complexes were carried out. The significant contribution made by O. P. Novytsky, L. B. Zaglada, V. E. Kozlovska and E. O. Dzbanovsky to the creation, development and replenishment of archival collections of academic museum institutions, was highlighted. Acts, letters, certificates, protocols, and lists of exhibits of the National Museum of History of Ukraine on museum receipts in the period before 1941, were found. Official correspondence of the head of the Kyiv Society for the Protection of Antiquities and Arts, B. I. Khanenko, regarding the construction of the Museum of Arts, highlights the enormous contribution of the Ukrainian patron to museum work. Academic museum structures played a decisive role in creating a base for the development of documentary collections, researchers made efforts to create museum complexes and form documentary collections. Although the documentary base, for known reasons related to the political and ideological conditions of the 1920s and 1930s and subsequent social cataclysms, is only partially represented and requires archival reconstruction, it reveals the significant value of the documents in terms of composition and content, for the history of the formation of the complex of museum archival collections.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
La representación de las artistas mujeres en la prensa gráfica española del primer tercio del siglo XX es un campo de investigación apenas abordado, que posee un indudable valor por su contribución al análisis de la recepción las artistas plásticas en el período en que las mujeres empiezan a introducirse en el sistema del arte. Este trabajo analiza la construcción y significados del arquetipo de mujer pintora en el caso particular de la revista Blanco y Negro (1891-1936), que fue pionera en la modernización de la prensa ilustrada en España y, a su vez, emblemática por sus portadas y páginas artísticas, realizadas por los artistas y dibujantes más reconocidos en la época.
The objective was to describe pain characteristics and treatments used in individuals with varying severity of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and investigate pain‐associated variables. This work was derived from a multicenter, longitudinal, observational, natural history study of OI conducted at 12 clinical sites of the NIH Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network's Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. Children and adults with a clinical, biochemical, or molecular diagnosis of OI were enrolled in the study. We did a cross‐sectional analysis of chronic pain prevalence, characteristics, and treatments used for pain relief and longitudinal analysis to find the predictors of chronic pain. We included 861 individuals with OI, in 41.8% chronic pain was present, with similar frequency across OI types. Back pain was the most frequent location. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs followed by bisphosphonates were the most common treatment used. Participants with chronic pain missed more days from school or work/year and performed worse in all mobility metrics than participants without chronic pain. The variables more significantly associated with chronic pain were age, sex, positive history of rodding surgery, scoliosis, other medical problems, assistive devices, lower standardized height, and higher body mass index. The predictors of chronic pain for all OI types were age, use of a wheelchair, and the number of fractures/year. Chronic pain is prevalent in OI across all OI types, affects mobility, and interferes with participation. Multiple covariates were associated with chronic pain.
In a recent article published in this journal, Gregory T. Papanikos presented and discussed the five criteria of democracy. This paper further discusses these criteria by providing some additional ancient sources in light of the modern application of democracy in various countries. It is shown that these five criteria had a diachronic effect in ancient Athens as is demonstrated by a number of ancient writers. I use excerpts from some ancient works to show that this was the case.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Fine Arts
In 1974, the exhibition Hungría 74 presented 24 artists from Hungary at the Centro de Arte y Communicación (CAYC) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. By the time, artists from both countries suffered political repressions of the dictatorships ruling their countries. Hungría 74 thus was one of the few occasions to interchange ideas. However, the artists from Hungary and Argentina did not first and foremost agree on their political stance. Rather, they were both preoccupied with the dematerialization of art objects. Among Western artist dematerialization was perceived as a rebellious act against the commodification of art objects on the market; it was also embraced as a positive effect of media societies facilitating participation of marginalized groups. However, Argentinian and Hungarian artists transformed the idea to their own means. Experiencing political oppressions, they understood that the loss of material presence was not merely positive. By contrast, it was connected to disappearance, forced exiles or invisible political surveillance. The works of Dóra Maurer, Tamás Hencze, István Haraszty, György Jovánovics presented at Hungría 74 reflect these different notions of dematerialization and offer a critical perspective on the broader political consequences of dematerializations in media societies developing worldwide since the 1970s.
The centenary of the establishment of the first Department of History of the Polish Culture at the Jagiellonian University is a good opportunity to recall the scientific achievements in this discipline. In Krakow, in the second half of the nineteenth century, research on history of education, literature and culture was conducted at the Academy of Arts and Sciences and at the Jagiellonian University. However, it was not until Stanisław Kot’s scientific activity and his appointment as an associate professor that the chair in History of the Polish Culture at the Jagiellonian University was created in 1920. His seminar on the history of culture had enjoyed significant popularity and was attended by many students. In the years 1925–1939 he promoted 22 doctors and four of his students obtained a habilitation. However, due to the political involvement of Kot, the Sanation authorities decided to abolish his chair by introducing a new law on academic schools in 1933.
A. Trentham-Dietz, Oğuzhan Alagöz, C. Chapman
et al.
Since 2000, the National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) modeling teams have developed and applied microsimulation and statistical models of breast cancer. Here, we illustrate the use of collaborative breast cancer multilevel systems modeling in CISNET to demonstrate the flexibility of systems modeling to address important clinical and policy-relevant questions. Challenges and opportunities of future systems modeling are also summarized. The 6 CISNET breast cancer models embody the key features of systems modeling by incorporating numerous data sources and reflecting tumor, person, and health system factors that change over time and interact to affect the burden of breast cancer. Multidisciplinary modeling teams have explored alternative representations of breast cancer to reveal insights into breast cancer natural history, including the role of overdiagnosis and race differences in tumor characteristics. The models have been used to compare strategies for improving the balance of benefits and harms of breast cancer screening based on personal risk factors, including age, breast density, polygenic risk, and history of Down syndrome or a history of childhood cancer. The models have also provided evidence to support the delivery of care by simulating outcomes following clinical decisions about breast cancer treatment and estimating the relative impact of screening and treatment on the United States population. The insights provided by the CISNET breast cancer multilevel modeling efforts have informed policy and clinical guidelines. The 20 years of CISNET modeling experience has highlighted opportunities and challenges to expanding the impact of systems modeling. Moving forward, CISNET research will continue to use systems modeling to address cancer control issues, including modeling structural inequities affecting racial disparities in the burden of breast cancer. Future work will also leverage the lessons from team science, expand resource sharing, and foster the careers of early stage modeling scientists to ensure the sustainability of these efforts.
En el siguiente artículo nos proponemos indagar sobre el modo en que la práctica artística se apropia del dispositivo afiche y pone en juego su dimensión semiótica y relacional, analizando los procedimientos materiales y retóricos de reelaboración y relocalización implicados en la producción. Asimismo, se profundizará en las transformaciones técnicas, sociales y culturales que favorecieron tal desarrollo. Se considerará, para ello, el caso de la pegatina impulsada por el colectivo Ilusión Gráfica en homenaje al artista Juan Carlos Romero, el 4 de noviembre de 2017 en el marco de la 4.o edición del Festival de Gráfica Contemporánea Presión, celebrado en el centro cultural platense Azul un Ala.
T. D. de Leeuw, Tjitske van der Zanden, S. Ravera
et al.
Validated diagnostic tools to diagnose chronic neuropathic and mixed pain in children are missing. Therapeutic options are often derived from therapeutics for adults. To investigate the international practice amongst practitioners for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic, neuropathic pain in children and adolescents, we performed a survey study among members of learned societies or groups whose members are known to treat pediatric pain. The survey included questions concerning practitioners and practice characteristics, assessment and diagnosis, treatment and medication. We analyzed 117 returned questionnaires, of which 41 (35%) were fully completed and 76 (65%) were partially completed. Most respondents based the diagnosis of neuropathic pain on physical examination (68 (58.1%)), patient history (67 (57.3%)), and underlying disease (59 (50.4%)) combined. Gabapentin, amitriptyline, and pregabalin were the first-choice treatments for moderate neuropathic pain. Tramadol, ibuprofen, amitriptyline, and paracetamol were the first-choice treatments for moderate mixed pain. Consensus on the diagnostic process of neuropathic pain in children and adolescents is lacking. Drug treatment varies widely for moderate, severe neuropathic, and mixed pain. Hence, diagnostic tools and therapy need to be harmonized and validated for use in children.
Observational and theoretical work has now established that the fossil fields of magnetic massive stars are surviving remnants from an earlier event, or an earlier evolutionary phase. However, many important questions remain regarding the effects of these fields on the late stages of stellar evolution, as well as their impact on the core-collapse mechanism and the formation of exotic compact objects such as magnetars and gravitational wave progenitors. There is currently a critical need to incorporate the impact of fossil fields in models of the structure and evolution of magnetic stars, and to determine the evolutionary history of magnetic massive stars. We present a preliminary population study of a cluster of co-evolving stars based on MESA evolutionary tracks that account for the effect of magnetic mass-loss quenching.
Mohammad Sharif Hosseini, Mohammad Bavali, Reza Rezvani
The purpose of this triangulated mixed-method study was twofold. Firstly, to examine whether the use of wikis as a collaborative tool affected EFL learners’ writing fluency. Secondly, to explore their attitudes toward using wikis. To this end, 72 EFL learners from a language institute in Gachsaran, Iran were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of conventional and wiki-based writing classes. Whereas the traditional group submitted their writing assignments to the teacher for feedback in class, the wiki group uploaded their writing assignments in the teacher-created wiki site where the learners themselves edited and corrected their writings and sometimes discussed writing topics further. To explore the participants’ attitudes on the use of wiki-based writing, we administered a post-task attitude questionnaire entailing 18 five-point Likert scale items and four open-ended questions. Observational notes were also taken into account for data triangulation. The statistical results indicated that the participants in the wiki group significantly outperformed the traditional group in terms of writing fluency. The results of the qualitative phase of the study involving thematic analysis of the answers to the four open-ended questions as well as the field notes supported the quantitative findings in that the learners generally held positive attitudes toward using wikis. The implications of the results are also discussed in the paper.
amount of consensus among, numbers of states in the world presently
A significant amount of consensus among large numbers of states in the world presently exists with regard to environmental issues and how these problems must and can be addressed. This consensus includes agreements on the fact that if the international community is not prepared to work together in alleviating these problems the continued existence ofthe world, as we know it, is indeed at risk. What is not well known, however, is how this point of consensus was reached in historical terms. What really happened during the last forty years to achieve international co-operation on environmental issues? This article is an attempt to clarify the complicated history of how international relations were influenced by environmental issues. It also highlights multi-lateral diplomacy as a necessary instrument for advancing the goal of an environmentally safer world.
: Algunas de las colecciones que custodia el actual Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Cartagena derivan del siglo xvi, fecha en la que algunos eruditos mostraron fascinación por
custodiar las antigüedades de la ciudad, un encanto que se mantuvo durante siglos siguientes.
Estos hechos nos sirven de marco para este trabajo donde queremos esbozar una breve historia del Museo.
History of the arts, Museums. Collectors and collecting
Inelastic scattering and carrier capture by defects in semiconductors are the primary causes of hot-electron-mediated degradation of power devices, which holds up their commercial development. At the same time, carrier capture is a major issue in the performance of solar cells and light-emitting diodes. A theory of nonradiative inelastic scattering by defects, however, is non-existent, while the the- ory for carrier capture by defects has had a long and arduous history. Here we report the construction of a comprehensive theory of inelastic scattering by defects, with carrier capture being a special case. We distinguish between capture under thermal equilibrium conditions and capture under non-equilibrium conditions, e.g., in the presence of electrical current or hot carriers where carriers undergo scattering by defects and are described by a mean free path. In the thermal-equilibrium case, capture is mediated by a non-adiabatic perturbation Hamiltonian, originally identified by Huang and Rhys and by Kubo, which is equal to linear electron-phonon coupling to first order. In the non-equilibrium case, we demonstrate that the primary capture mechanism is within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, with coupling to the defect potential inducing Franck-Condon electronic transitions, followed by multiphonon dissipation of the transition energy, while the non-adiabatic terms are of secondary importance. We report density-functional-theory calculations of the capture cross section for a prototype defect using the Projector-Augmented-Wave which allows us to employ all-electron wavefunctions. We adopt a Monte Carlo scheme to sample multiphonon configurations and obtain converged results. The theory and the results represent a foundation upon which to build engineering-level models for hot-electron degradation of power devices and the performance of solar cells and light-emitting diodes.