Hasil untuk "History of medicine. Medical expeditions"

Kadhim Mustafa Taqi, Noor AlNasrallah

The role of Muslim, Arab, and Persian scholars and physicians in shaping modern medicine and surgery practice is often overlooked in scholarly discussions and is often underappreciated in modern literature. Muslim, Arab, and Persian scholars advanced surgical techniques and knowledge. They played a pivotal and important role in translating and preserving classical Greek and Roman medical and scientific texts and knowledge, which later significantly influenced the European Renaissance. Their work laid the foundation for many modern surgical practices and techniques and continues to inspire medical professionals worldwide. This abstract aims to shed some light on the significant contributions of figures such as Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Albucasis, Avicenna, and Ibn Quff to the development of surgery and surgical specialties, including general surgery. By highlighting these contributions, we seek to rectify the historical oversight and endure the profound impact of these scholars and their contributions to the field of medicine and surgery.

Luiz Augusto Campos, José Szwako

Este artigo busca compreender a vocação científica consagrada pela primeira geração (1973-1977) de pesquisadores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia do Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro (Iuperj). Embora o Iuperj seja visto como berço da moderna ciência política brasileira, pouco se sabe sobre sua sociologia. Para tal, baseamo-nos em documentos, entrevistas e bibliografia secundária. Queremos nuançar diagnósticos sobre essa geração, ora vista como excessivamente heterogênea, ora como pouco original se comparada à ciência política iuperjiana. Na vocação daquela geração, o elogio à especialização teórico-metodológica era parte central de uma sociologia política que buscava dar respostas às demandas de uma sociedade na encruzilhada entre modernização e redemocratização.

Magnus Roberto de Mello Pereira

Resumo Manuscrito inédito, datado de 1802, que trata dos métodos a utilizar na recolha e remessa de sementes, tubérculos e bulbos das colônias da África e do Brasil para o Complexo de História Natural da Ajuda, em Portugal.

Михайло Бадюк, Ірина Пасько, Валерій Солярик

Мета дослідження – наукове висвітлення його професійної та благодійної діяльності в Ялті другої половини ХІХ ст. на основі репрезентативного комплексу історичних документів та епістолярної спадщини українського лікаря і поета Степана Руданського. Матеріали та методи. У статті використано комплекс опублікованих, але маловідомих медичній спільноті наукових історико-медичних публікацій. Методами дослідження обрано історико-порівняльний, бібліографічний та системний аналіз. Результати. Доведено, що Степан Руданський був першим дипломованим лікарем на Кримському півострові в 1861-1873 роках, який надавав кваліфіковану медичну допомогу місцевому населенню. Під час пандемії холери, що охопила європейський континент у 1860-1870-х роках, лікар Руданський виконував обов'язки єдиного карантинного лікаря в цьому регіоні та керував боротьбою з цією хворобою. Висновки. Інтелектуально-поетична спадщина лікаря і поета Степана Руданського продовжує привертати увагу мистецтвознавців, письменників, істориків медицини та інших науковців. Крім чудової поезії, фольклорних збірок і перекладних творів, постать Руданського приваблює своїм високим духовним імперативом, що було стрижнем його професійної лікарської діяльності, що проходила на Кримському півострові. Пам'ять про сумлінного лікаря-поета, безсумнівно, буде увічнена на цій українській землі.

Mario Fabregat Peredo

Vladyslav HAVRYLOV

The aim of the research. The article analyzes the achievements of Soviet scientists on the histo- ry of the Vatican during the Second World War. Particular attention is paid to the research of M. Sheiman, I. Lavretsky, and E. Winter. Most of the works were of a general nature, only some sections were devoted to the period 1939–1945. At the same time, Soviet scholars focused more attention on the Vatican's international policy and ignored the internal affairs and prominent figure of Pius XII. In the course of the study, the author found only some works that are directly devoted to the history of the Vatican during World War II. Only one of them – M. Sheinman's monograph – deserves to be a thorough title. The purpose of study is a historiographic analysis of the works of Soviet scientists about the Vatican in the Second World War. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of one general historiographical work on the Vatican in World War II. The method of research is based on a historiographic analysis of the work of Soviet scientists. Conclusions. In Soviet historiography, little attention was paid to the study of the history of the Vatican. An analysis of Soviet books gives us the oppor- tunity to argue that this topic did not really receive the proper and large -scale coverage in Soviet historiography. In the vast majority of works, it all came down to highlighting the relations of the Vatican and the Soviet Union. The author paid special attention to the fact that Soviet historians, having in their hands unique documents about the Vatican during the Second World War, did not analyze them in detail, but sou- ght in them only anti-communist character. Therefore, today all hope is placed on a new generation of historians who will carry out a thorough analysis of all these documents.

Лариса МАРКУЛЯК

Маркуляк Лариса. Взаимоотношения в сфере искусства Николая Лысенко и Модеста Менцинского посредством эпистолярия. В статье проанализированы взаимоотношения в сфере искусства двух выдающихся украинских деятелей культуры – Николая Лысенко и Модеста Менцинского посредством эпистолярия. Автор делает выводы, что эти эпистолярные диалоги насыщены разнообразными темами. Здесь можна встретить строчки, которые касаются личных проблем, с которыми Н. Лысенко тонко делится со своим адресатом. Однако, самыми важными темами в эпистолярии мы находим общеукраинские культурологические вопросы, актуальные и сегодня. Ключевые слова: эпистолярий, эпистолярный диалог, биография, культура, взаимоотношения в сфере искусства, деятели культуры, творческий потенциал, общественно-политическая жизнь, культурное пространство. Markuliak Larysa. Artistic Relations Between Mykola Lysenko and Modest Mencinsky Through a Prism of Epistolary. The article analyzes the artistic relations of two outstanding Ukrainian cultural figures – Mykola Lysenko and Modest Mencinsky – through the prism of their correspondence. The author concludes that the epistolary dialogues full of different topics. Here you can find lines that relate to personal problems, with which M. Lysenko delicately shares with his addressee. However, the most important topics in the correspondence turned out to be all-Ukrainian cultural issues, which are still relevant today. However, more pages in the letters are full of emotions for Ukrainian culture. N. Lysenko not only sharpens his gaze on this or that aspect, but also tries to give an answer to them, and very often even finds ways to solve seemingly extremely difficult tasks. We are facing a man endowed with an analytical mind. It is interesting to observe that the addressee of the composer is completely imbued with these questions, which M. Lysenko raises. We can conclude that the letters to the composer M. Mencinsky – the phenomenon is not accidental. Although their personal acquaintance did not happen, however, it becomes clear from correspondence how much these two artistic souls are related. In the person of Modest Mentsinsky, Nikolai Lysenko found his "own" addressee, who unconditionally checked all the sore inner thoughts. And although the composer and the singer never had to meet in life, their written dialogues are full of such deep, colourful, polyphonic content, sometimes it is impossible to achieve this in live communication. This is a unique case of the epistolary relations of two great Ukrainian ones, who took great care of the glory of Ukrainian music in the world, en- riched Europe with the musical culture of their nation. Key words: epistolary, epistolary dialogue, biography, culture, artistic relations, cultural figures, creative potential, sociopolitical life, cultural space.

Paulo Henrique Nico Monteiro, Nelio Bizzo

O tema da saúde é tradicional nos currículos escolares no Brasil, podendo ser visto em materiais didáticos desde o final do século XIX. Definindo como ponto de partida o estabelecimento da obrigatoriedade do desenvolvimento dos programas de saúde em 1971, este artigo analisa alguns documentos oficiais que buscaram traçar diretrizes para a educação em saúde no âmbito escolar quanto à concepção de saúde expressa, aos objetivos a alcançar e ao papel da educação em saúde na formação geral dos alunos. A análise aponta para uma importante carência de referências que orientem o ensino da saúde na escola, assim como para ideias que permanecem inalteradas, a despeito das mudanças sociais e dos avanços teóricos ocorridos no período.

Irene Nogueira de Rezende

No Centro de Memória da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG encontram-se documentos relativos à passagem de Carlos Drummond de Andrade pela instituição, fato que levou à reflexão sobre a presença da farmácia e do farmacêutico na literatura. Por meio de diálogo interdisciplinar e de pesquisa sobre elementos que comprovassem essa presença, sua efetiva participação e presença na literatura, buscou-se historicizar essa vinculação não só do poeta de Itabira, mas de outros homens de letras, sendo profissionais farmacêuticos ou inspirados por eles. Objetivou-se, igualmente, apontar alguns elementos que fundamentem e demonstrem a importância desse profissional na sociedade brasileira do final do século XIX e primeira metade do XX.

Efstathios Drampalos, Vasileios Stogiannos, Panagiotis Psyllakis et al.

The modern infirmary is the evolutional product of the dialectic interface between medical theories at each time and the outcome of their application in clinical practice. The infirmary as we know it today did not exist during antiquity, but the different precursors of the modern hospital emerged as a result of the interaction between medical theory and practice. During antiquity the Hippocratic work decisively contributed to the creation of the Asklipieion, an institution with predetermined structure created to heal diseases. Later in antiquity new types of infirmaries appeared along with the evolution of private practice for physicians. Establishment of the first modern hospitals was an outstanding contribution of Islamic medicine during reign of the Islamic Empire. Although there was little progress in the development of medical theory in medieval West, evolution of the infirmary continued and was mostly influenced by Christian religion and charity. In Constantinople large medieval infirmaries were built, but patient care was frequently offered in monasteries by clergymen. Later on medicine and treatment of diseases were taken over by physicians and taught in universities, and medical theory continued on its course of evolution. It is obvious that the modern infirmary is not only a place for treating diseases, but rather the upshot of a series of advancements in science, the relations between people or even countries, and the way humanity perceives its nature and the future. Our research is focused on the interactive relationship between the evolution of medical theory and the infirmary as an institution during antiquity and the Middle Ages with particular emphasis on the Western World.

Enrique Montero Cartelle

La comparación sistemática de la lengua y de los recursos literarios del tratado De recta curandorum vulnerum ratione, obra del cirujano práctico del siglo XVI Francisco Arceo, con la lengua del Prólogo que le puso su huésped, amigo y paisano, el humanista Arias Montano, muestra semejanzas tan significativas que prueban la intervención de este último arreglando el texto o redactándolo con el latín que le caracteriza. Arias Montano, además, hizo anotar la obra y se la publicó en Amberes en la imprenta de su buen amigo Cristóbal Plantino.

Félix Martín Verdejo

Bernabé García (1673-1752), boticario, agricultor, arrendador de diezmos, etc., fue un hombre que, aún viviendo en la sociedad rural, no dio la espalda a las novedades culturales de su tiempo. Su modesta pero interesante biblioteca, de unos cien volúmenes, es quien mejor lo radiografía. Era una persona profundamente religiosa, con pretensiones nobles, forma de vida burguesa, inquietudes preilustradas y cualidades de proyectista.

Ermelinda Moutinho Pataca

Com o objetivo de avaliar a confecção e a utilização de imagens na Viagem Philosophica de Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, avaliaremos os desenhos de peixes oceânicos produzidos por J. J. Freire e J. J. Codina durante a travessia entre Lisboa e Belém. Para apreendermos as técnicas e os métodos de desenhar comuns em todas as representações, compreendemos que devemos confrontar os desenhos resultantes das Viagens Philosophicas ao Pará e às colônias portuguesas na África, pois seus 'desenhadores' (ou riscadores, como eram denominados os desenhistas na época) foram formados em conjunto e designados para a mesma função, do risco de produtos de história natural. Através dos documentos textuais resultantes das Viagens Philosophicas ao Pará e para Angola, como relações de remessas de coleções, correspondências de viagens e inventários de museus, localizamos e comparamos os desenhos de peixes oceânicos confeccionados pelos desenhadores das duas expedições.<br>With the aim of evaluating the creation and use of images in Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira's Viagem Philosophica, the article examines the drawings of ocean fish made by J. J. Freire and J. J. Codina during their crossing from Lisbon to Belém, Pará. To help understand the techniques and methods common to these images, drawings produced during the "Philosophical Travels" to Pará were compared with those from voyages to Portugal's African colonies, since the draftsmen had been trained together and assigned the same task: sketching the products of natural history. Through reference to written documents from the journeys to Pará and to Angola - including manifests of collections, travel correspondence, and museum inventories - sketches of ocean fish made by draftsmen from both expeditions were located and compared.

Facchinetti Cristiana

Carvalho Francisco Moreno

Ângela Domingues

O artigo trata da atuação de cientistas, funcionários portugueses e mesmo nativos, inclusive indígenas, na sustentação de uma rede de informações sobre as potencialidades econômicas dos territórios administrados pela coroa portuguesa, tendo como principal foco o Brasil. Visando o desenvolvimento econômico do reino, amostras representativas da fauna e flora locais eram enviadas às instituições da corte, como o Jardim Botânico da Ajuda, o Arsenal Real do Exército e o Hospital Real Militar de Lisboa, onde eram analisadas para posterior utilização na agricultura, comércio e farmácia.<br>This article focus on the participation of scientists, Portuguese agents and even natives - including Indians - in the developing of an information net that focused on the economic potential of territories subject to the Portuguese Crown, mainly of Brazil. Aiming at the Crown's economic development, Brazilian fauna and flora samples were sent to some institutions in Portugal, such as Jardim Botânico da Ajuda, Arsenal Real do Exército and Hospital Real Militar in Lisbon, where they were analyzed for future application to agriculture, trade and medicine making.

Equipo Editorial

Marcos Chor Maio, Ricardo Ventura Santos

Stapleton Darwin H.