Alexandra Aparecida Leite Toffanetto Seabra Eiras, Alex Fabiano Toledo, Daniela Joana Magalhães Monteiroda Silva
et al.
Objective. Present a preliminary study of Portugal’s expressions of the social question, emphasizing its integration into the European Union and the analysis of indicators for monitoring the risk of poverty (EAPN, 2023). The aim is to advance in dealing with the social question as a permanent challenge for social work regarding its object, resulting from the historical movement of class struggle and deciphering its new and complex manifestations. According to the theoretical-methodological direction of the network research “Social Work in History: social question and social movements - Latin America and Europe.” Methodology. The social question is problematized in its historical distinction, the contradiction of capitalist social relations, the unity and antagonism between capital and labor, and its current expressions in Portugal. Results. The analysis showed that these expressions relate to precarious work conditions, unemployment, migration, and poverty. Conclusion. Greater protagonism is required from social workers for responsive intervention to social issue.
This article offers a historiographical and multidisciplinary review of the past two decades of research on the contemporary history of sexual dissidence in Spain and Portugal. It revisits a proposal by Cascais (2004), who outlined three future lines of research necessary to build a field of study that, at the turn of the new millennium, had yet to gain significant historiographical attention on the Iberian Peninsula. Accordingly, the article examines research conducted on the pathologisation of sexual deviance in the 19th and 20th centuries, judicial archives, decriminalisation and activist emancipation, the creation of repositories and archives that help us understand evolving cultures and mentalities, and the recovery of lesbian and trans memories. Drawing on these developments, the article proposes new approaches to address existing gaps and suggests potential directions for future research.
L’article traite du romantisme révolutionnaire en tant que vision du monde qui transcende le mouvement littéraire du XIXe siècle, en proposant une critique culturelle et politique de la modernité capitaliste. Ce romantisme s’oppose à l’utilitarisme et à la rationalisation, en défendant des valeurs qualitatives et communautaires. Son expression au XXe siècle se retrouve dans des figures et des mouvements tels qu’Ernst Bloch, le surréalisme, le situationnisme et l’écosocialisme. Ernst Bloch se distingue par sa philosophie utopique centrée sur le concept du « Pas encore », en proposant une critique radicale du capitalisme et une alliance harmonieuse avec la nature. Le surréalisme d’André Breton associe révolution sociale et réenchantement du monde, en rejetant le positivisme et explorant l’imaginaire. Guy Debord et le situationnisme dénoncent la société de consommation et idéalisent les formes communautaires prémodernes, transformant ainsi la nostalgie en un outil révolutionnaire. L’écosocialisme est interprété comme une utopie contemporaine, inspirée par les valeurs précapitalistes et les modes de vie indigènes, proposant une civilisation durable et solidaire. L’article conclut que le romantisme révolutionnaire persiste en tant que cadre culturel et politique, reliant le passé à un avenir utopique, critiquant la modernité et inspirant la transformation sociale.
Eliezer Pires da Silva, María Manuela Moro Cabero, Marcos Vinícius Bittencourt De Souza
Os arquivos municipais realizam uma importante mediação da informação arquivística no âmbito da cidade e são fontes muito importantes para a pesquisa histórica e para a construção de memória e identidade dos diferentes grupos sociais. Essas instituições são essenciais para a cidadania e vida comunitária. Os arquivos públicos municipais têm a função de divulgar e difundir informações, contribuindo para a democratização do acesso ao conhecimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a mediação e a representação da informação arquivística no espectro das cidades, considerando os recursos de pesquisa que permitem os usuários terem acesso a informações sobre o patrimônio arquivístico do lugar onde vivem. A metodologia adotada para reconhecer o cenário de mediação e representação da informação arquivística nos arquivos municipais combina uma articulação conceitual com base na literatura da Arquivologia, mais um levantamento empírico de sites dos arquivos de cidades brasileiras. Ao combinar essas perspectivas de observação e análise é possível obter uma compreensão mais abrangente sobre como os arquivos públicos estão disponibilizando informações para seus usuários. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de avanço nos instrumentos de pesquisa disponíveis pelas instituições que anunciam ter essa finalidade para os acervos que organizam e preservam. Dentre os resultados destaca-se o alcance da mediação observada para arquivos em comparação com os estaduais. Além disso, aportamos aos indicadores de existência de arquivos municipais a sua correspondência de população. Os arquivos municipais são mediadores da informação arquivística nas cidades e há necessidade de aprimoramento dos recursos de pesquisa disponíveis nessas instituições.
Thais C. De Oliveira, Thais C. De Oliveira, Rodrigo Secolin
et al.
Genomics can reveal essential features about the demographic evolution of a population that may not be apparent from historical elements. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies applying genomic epidemiological approaches to understand the genetic structure and diversity of human populations in the context of demographic history and for implementing precision medicine. These efforts have traditionally been applied predominantly to populations of European origin. More recently, initiatives in the United States and Africa are including more diverse populations, establishing new horizons for research in human populations with African and/or Native ancestries. Still, even in the most recent projects, the under-representation of genomic data from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is remarkable. In addition, because the region presents the most recent global miscegenation, genomics data from LAC may add relevant information to understand population admixture better. Admixture in LAC started during the colonial period, in the 15th century, with intense miscegenation between European settlers, mainly from Portugal and Spain, with local indigenous and sub-Saharan Africans brought through the slave trade. Since, there are descendants of formerly enslaved and Native American populations in the LAC territory; they are considered vulnerable populations because of their history and current living conditions. In this context, studying LAC Native American and African descendant populations is important for several reasons. First, studying human populations from different origins makes it possible to understand the diversity of the human genome better. Second, it also has an immediate application to these populations, such as empowering communities with the knowledge of their ancestral origins. Furthermore, because knowledge of the population genomic structure is an essential requirement for implementing genomic medicine and precision health practices, population genomics studies may ensure that these communities have access to genomic information for risk assessment, prevention, and the delivery of optimized treatment; thus, helping to reduce inequalities in the Western Hemisphere. Hoping to set the stage for future studies, we review different aspects related to genetic and genomic research in vulnerable populations from LAC countries.
This article examines Daniel Alarcón’s 2013 novel At Night We Walk in Circles and analyzes how artists engage with political crisis and its continued traumatic effects long after the crisis (in this particular case: the internal conflict in Peru) has ended. Taking Marianne Hirsch’s concept of “postmemory” as a point of departure, the study focuses on the relationship between past trauma and its legacy in the present, arguing, that such negotiations between past and present may be understood through the lens of translation. Here, translation is seen as pointing to the ways in which art created in response to one context is continually reimagined and recreated –that is, translated– in order to circulate in new contexts. Alarcón’s novel particularly positions theater as a translative force, one that elucidates the relationship between trauma, postmemory, and mourning.
In the late Middle Ages, the young dynasty of Avis, after linked by kinship to England, Aragon and Burgundy, attempts to create in the space of Christianity a connection at the highest level: the Holy Roman Empire. With the marriage of the princess Leonor and Frederick III, arranged between 1451 and 1452, king Afonso V played not only with a process of affirmation of his Crown but also with the legitimation of his lineage, granting the Rex Romanorum the right bride to establish the Habsburg House on the imperial throne. The development of the historiography of medieval international relations in the last decades has given the pretext to observe the political approximation of those two kingdoms, geographically distant, based on an important royal marriage that has given us a considerable set of primary sources (chronicles, documents and iconography). Initially, we will try to analyze the dynamics of the alliances that have resulted in that matrimonial interest; in a second phase, considering the progress of diplomacy, we will follow the negotiation process between the Crowns; finally, we will observe the different phases of royal marriage (from Portugal to Italy), which foresee a new cycle of relations between the Avis and Habsburg dynasties.
Having in mind the fact that waste represents a global problem of modern society that threatens human health and environment, the authors discuss normative and practical aspects of waste disposal in the EU. After brief introduction on the history of normative regulation of waste disposal in the EU, current normative frameworks of the EU pertinent to the disposal of waste and functioning of landfills are analysed, with focus on the latest amendments of acquis regulating this area that occurred in May 2018. In this part of the paper, normative method is applied. After that, the functioning of Court of Justice of the European Union and its role in the application of EU law is presented as well as the practice of the Court of Justice of the EU in the cases of its illegal disposal and inadequate treatment of waste waters (that may appear as the result of these activities). Several cases are analysed in which the Court made the decisions related to illegal activities of member states in the area of waste disposal, operation of landfills and inadequate treatment of waste waters (that may also appear as consequences of operations at landfills). Case analysis is applied in order to study the cases brought before the Court. Within concluding remarks, the authors highlight negative effects that waste disposal on landfills produces on human health and environment as well as the need to reduce them through the interventions on normative and practical level. As the result of the analysis of normative framework on the one hand and judicial practice on the other, it can be concluded that there are numerous differences among the EU member states when it comes to the application of the acquis in the area of waste disposal. The results of the research also suggest that there is a serious gap between the normative and the practical in the area of waste disposal in the EU which is still very large. This gap is particularly notable in Greece, Italy and Portugal, whose cases are therefore chosen to be presented in the paper.
A democracia é considerada, em geral, um bem essencial à sociedade política. O que significa democracia, contudo, é controverso. Como o vinho, a ‘garrafa democrática’ pode conter compostos variados e saber muito diferentemente. Nos anos 2010 a democracia parece presente em todos os discursos - um bem a ser estimado e preservado - e sofrer sob o duro ataque do ceticismo e de avaliação negativa. Voltamos aos anos 1920? Precisaria o mundo - ou ao menos vários países importantes - de uma forma reinstaurada de tutela despótica? É inevitável voltar ao egoísmo político nacionalista em um cenário global avançado? O horizonte turvo das esperanças políticas, econômicas e sociais favorece o reaparecimento de projetos populistas - de esquerda como de direita - que projetam miragens sobre o sentimento de frustração nos espaços sociais. É esse populismo uma ameaça à democracia como valor e como prática? A resposta é ‘sim’, malgrado todas as imperfeições do regime democrático. Após apresentar um breve panorama do status atual da democracia, discute-se o entendimento de democracia e o sentido do populismo atual.
Over the last few decades, there has been a trend
to build innovation platforms as enablers for groups of
companies to jointly develop new products and services.
As a result, the notion of co-innovation is getting wider
acceptance. However, a critical issue that is still open, despite
some efforts in this area, is the lack of tools and models
that explain the synergies created in a co-innovation
process.
Interview with the professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California (Irvine), Alejandro Morales, a true pioneer in Chicano literature and one of the most outstanding, powerful and innovative writers on the Chicano experience.
Este trabajo analiza algunos aspectos de la polémica “Madrid, meridiano intelectual de Hispanoamérica”, registrada en 1927 en las revistas vanguardistas La Gaceta Literaria de Madrid y la revista porteña Martín Fierro, recortando dos problemáticas íntimamente relacionadas: la circulación de bienes culturales entre España y la América hispanohablante, y el tópico de la identidad lingü.stica en el área hispanoamericana.
Abstract
This work analyzes some features of the controversy “Madrid, the intellectual meridian of Spanish America”, recorded in 1927 in the avant-garde literary journals LaGaceta Literaria from Madrid, and Martín Fierro from Buenos Aires, focussing on two closely related questions: the circulation of cultural goods between Spain and Spanish speaking America, and the topic of linguistic identity within the area of Spanish America.
Em todas as sociedades escravistas - antigas e modernas - surgiram comunidades de fugitivos. Não representaram a única forma de reação à escravidão. Estas comunidades – algumas provisórias e outras tantas transformadas em microssociedades com organizações socioculturais e econômicas singulares e duradouras – receberam várias denominações. No Brasil, no período colonial e no pós-colonial, estas comunidades ficaram conhecidas como mocambos e/ou quilombos, palavras de origem de povos da África Central. Mas por que as denominações mocambos/quilombos se difundiram no Brasil diferentemente de outras áreas coloniais que também receberam africanos da África Central e tiveram comunidades de fugitivos semelhantes? O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as formas específicas que tomaram alguns quilombos em São Paulo, apontando para a tendência de formação de comunidades volantes que, além de possuírem territórios móveis, desde os seus primórdios, ativamente agregaram populações de livres e libertos.