Hasil untuk "German literature"

Cosima Berdin, Tobias Kaspers, Barbara Gärtner et al.

Given the global threat of increasing antibiotic resistance, risk factor detection of multi-resistant pathogens is particularly important. This is complicated by different definitions, using the international extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) definition and the German definition of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (MRGN). Although the MRGN definition was primarily introduced for hospital hygiene measures, it is often used in outpatient or semi-inpatient areas. Due to the increasing numbers of outpatient treatments of the healthcare system, corresponding data is necessary for specific hygiene regulations. This study provides MRGN and ESBL data based on a stool examination and a questionnaire evaluation in the period 07/2021–03/2022 of 231 outpatients of Saarland University Medical Center before traveling abroad. There was a 3MRGN prevalence of 2.6% with five Escherichia coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae and an ESBL prevalence of 5.6% with 13 ESBLEscherichia coli, four of which could also be classified as 3MRGN. These prevalences were compared with MRGN/ESBL prevalences in PubMed and Google Scholar in different areas of the German healthcare system in the period 2013–2024 at the federal state level. The selective literature search revealed geographical differences and missing prevalence data depending on the healthcare sector (outpatient/inpatient) and federal state. Resistance data is often evaluated according to international standards, i.e. according to the ESBL definition. Outpatient MRGN prevalences are hardly known despite the increasing numbers of outpatients of the healthcare system. Due to the scarcity of outpatient data, our study from a travel medicine clinic provides interesting epidemiological data that should be considered in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tamar Kojman

In 1844, Hermann Müller, a Catholic law professor from Würzburg, published a hefty volume on <i>Nordic Greekdom and the Original History of North-Western Europe</i>. The study claimed to hold definitive proof of the north-European origins of Hellenism, Abrahamic monotheism, and the entire human race. Germanic history was not German at all, Müller argued, but Celtic, and underneath it lay another hidden history of Nordic Greekdom, of which Southern Hellenism had been but a minor branch. Though it is today largely forgotten, Müller’s book elicited several responses upon publication and as late as the 1920s in Nazi literature. This article examines the reception of <i>Nordic Greekdom</i> as a striking example of the politicization of antiquity as an origin myth, arguing that the array of modern historicizations of antiquity and of Christianity’s place within it forms a ruptured and incoherent continuity of which ideologies as dissimilar as liberalism, Christian conservatism, and fascism—to name but a few—were all a part. Tracing this variety across ideological divides avoids overly rigid dichotomies such as the distinction between theological and racial antisemitism, while acknowledging the persistent, vast significance of Christianity within these discussions, whether as a living faith or as a discarded inheritance.

Robert Peters, Norbert Nagel

The project ‘Low German in Westfalia’, conducted at the Universities of Münster and Bielefeld, addresses the documentation of Low German texts from the ancient Westfalian speaking region. Texts relevant for this project date from the 9th century to the middle of the 19th century. The project assembles a digital corpus of texts, both manuscripts and printed books, covering all fields of written language: 1. administration, 2. legislation, 3. texts to support (scientific) knowledge transfer, 4. religious literature, 5. profane literature, 6. private texts, 7. inscriptions. Most texts belong to the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Age. The digital archive forms a basis for further exploration of historical texts in Westfalian-Low German. Planned to cover a seven-year span, the Westfalia-project corpus can be used online by experts as well as by non-experts while the project is in progress and afterwards.

Carla Riviello

In the Old English and Old High German versions of De Consolatione Philosophiae, Circe’s character (co- protagonist with Ulysses in Book IV, Metre 3) substantially reflects the description Boethius gave of her. According to Boethius, the sorceress was not particularly powerful as she had no influence over the minds of her victims. Analysing the translation strategies adopted, we can see how, in both cases, despite a declared unfamiliarity with magic, the representation modalities reveal an otherwise obvious familiarity with its procedures. And yet, the different cultural-historical contexts in which the two translations were carried out, and the different demands and purposes under the impulse of which they were promoted and brought to life, define a different approach to the re-writing of the myth. On the one hand, if devaluing the power of magic was a manifest political need at King Alfred’s court, on the other, in the conventual school of Saint Gall, the stigmatisation of magic made way for the educational necessity of translating Boethius’ work in order to explain its complexity with precise and perspicuous lexical choices.

Nurbek Zokirjon O’G’Li Axmadjonov, Komilova Mokhitabon Ramish Qizi

Speech act theory continues to offer essential insights into how language functions as action, yet in the context of German linguistics its methodological treatment has often been fragmented. This review takes a deliberately integrative approach, reconceptualizing speech acts as fundamental units of meaning through the combined use of corpus-assisted discourse analysis and socio-cognitive models. Anchored in the seminal work of Austin and Searle, and enriched by the contributions of Grice, Brown & Levinson, Leech, and Habermas, the study asks two central questions: How have methodological innovations shaped the study of speech acts in German linguistics, and what theoretical gaps remain, particularly at the intersection of cross-cultural and computational research? Drawing on academic, political, and media discourse, it weaves together findings from literature review, corpus analysis, and ethnographic observation. The results show, for example, that corpus data reveal consistent politeness strategies in political debates, while socio-cognitive interpretation brings to light subtler, context-dependent functions that single-method approaches tend to overlook. This methodological synthesis not only bridges theory and application but also offers a framework that is adaptable to multilingual and intercultural contexts, advancing the analytical depth and relevance of speech act research in German linguistics.

Esma Inam, Seda Güney, Martina Roes

Abstract Background Among the ethnic minority groups in Germany, Turkish immigrants represent the largest community. At the same time, this target group is underrepresented in dementia care research, and there are unique challenges regarding the recruitment of this group for studies. Increasing the involvement of Turkish immigrants in dementia care research is essential for reducing dementia-related inequalities. The aim of this scoping review is to describe strategies for recruiting Turkish immigrants living with dementia and their caregiving relatives for dementia care research and to identify related recruitment challenges. Methods We conducted a scoping review including articles from peer-reviewed journals applying the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and the PCC framework (P = Population, C = Concept, C = Context). We searched the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases as well as the literature written in the German language in local university databases. There were no restrictions on publication dates or study types. Additionally, the references of the identified articles were manually searched, and relevant articles were added. The content analysis was used to synthesize the findings. Results In total, 651 articles were screened, 15 of which were included in the review. Nine of the 15 articles were focused on the involvement of caregiving relatives, and six of the included articles were focused on people with dementia. The choice of recruitment strategies depended on the specific target group. Five main categories were identified based on the characteristics of the recruitment strategies implemented: Access to health environment, inclusive practices and cultural considerations, face-to-face interactions, technology-mediated access and engagement events. People with dementia were recruited predominantly through senior centres, hospitals, or home care providers; referrals from physicians; and databases/registries. The involvement of bilingual staff was a crucial strategy for achieving greater participation. Caregiving relatives were recruited mainly through dementia-related community organizations, settings, and social networks and through the involvement of bilingual staff. While facilitators play an essential role in engaging caregiving relatives, language and cultural barriers remain the most important barriers. Conclusions The persistent presence of language and cultural barriers requires a culturally sensitive recruitment approach to increase the involvement of Turkish immigrants living with dementia and their caregiving relatives in dementia care research.

Karolina Rudnicka, Aleš Klégr

Non-verbal plural number agreement (manifested as the distributive plural or singular) is an under-researched topic, especially from a cross-linguistic perspective. English, German, Polish, and Czech appear to differ with regard to number preference in objects, PP adverbials and PP postmodifiers congruent with plural nouns (subjects, NP heads as antecedents). The present paper aims to comprehensively study this phenomenon, which has potential implications for language teaching, stylistic usage, translation, and language typology research. To achieve this, we combine evidence from the literature, corpus-based studies, and exploratory corpus searches with two kinds of acceptability ratings: Likert-scale questionnaires, completed by 400 participants, and forced-choice questionnaires, filled out by 120 participants. Hence, in addition to investigating the topic of non-verbal plural number agreement, our article offers methodological insights: it showcases how the results obtained from two kinds of acceptability ratings differ and complement each other and whether they reflect findings from corpora. Our findings confirm that English, German, Polish, and Czech vary in their preferences concerning non-verbal number agreement. These differences seem to be context- and noun-related. In particular, there are two scenarios in which, unlike English, the other languages prefer the distributive singular over the distributive plural: when the context is abstract and non-literal and when the singular is used to make a generic or generalized reference. Thus, we see the cross-linguistic differences as a language-specific rhetoric strategy.

Betül Kocabey

The scholarly volume Turkish-German Relations in Literary History From the Fifteenth Through the Twenty-First Century - Deutsch-Türkische Beziehungen in der Literaturgeschichte vom 15. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert, which has been published in cooperation by Assoc. Prof. İrem Atasoy, Assist. Prof. Barış Konukman and Prof. Albrecht Classen, is an academic and a comprehensive work that aims to examine the relations between Turkey and Germany. Through the collection of articles from experienced and competent academics, the volume provides a broad perspective to the reader about bilateral relations of Turkey and Germany. In each articles, the relationships are explored in political, economic, literary, linguistic, semiotic, cultural, and various other aspects, offering the reader a comprehensive insight into an extensive time span, from Middle Ages to modern times. In this way, the reader can observe that the connections between these countries are not limited to a single theme but can be viewed from different perspectives. Published by Istanbul University Press in 2023, this volume consists of seven chapters, each containing an article in German or English. This extensive and comprehensive scholarly volume aims not only to unveil relations of Turkey and Germany from different perspectives but also paves the way for the future studies about these two countries.

Adam Kuź

In the second decade of the 21st century, the Middle Kingdom, which had huge financial surpluses, became the world’s largest exporter of money capital, which meant that investment policy became the main element of China’s foreign policy. In the case of Central and Eastern Europe, the 16+1 (17+1) format, containing both investment policy and soft power elements, has become the basic tool of the general policy of Middle Kingdom. This article aims to define the basic principles of China’s policy towards Central and Eastern Europe. For this purpose, the following general hypothesis was formulated: Chinese policy in Central and Eastern Europe consists of presenting the countries of this region with initiatives that do not go beyond the sphere of declarations and serve as a bargaining chip in relations with Germany, the country with the greatest potential in the European Union. The general hypothesis gives rise to detailed hypotheses that were verified in individual parts of the article with the use of the comparative method. The reasons most often mentioned in the literature on the subject, such as economic, cultural, social, and political differentiation of Central and Eastern European countries, legal barriers resulting from EU legislation, insufficient recognition of the region’s needs by the Chinese side and asymmetry of expectations of both parties, undoubtedly largely contribute to the lack of effective Sino-CEE cooperation. However, they cannot be considered decisive because similar problems occur wherever Chinese companies appear. However, in many regions of the world, despite these obstacles, mutual economic relations are more dynamic than in CEE. The reasons why the potential of the 16+1 (17+1) format has not been properly used can be found primarily in the context of German-Chinese relations.

Cosmas Kombat Lambini, Angelina Goeschl, Max Wäsch et al.

Education for sustainable development (ESD) plays a significant role in achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and simultaneously tackling the current global ecological challenges. Integration of ESD in Vocational Education and Training (VET) offers opportunities for private sector actors to contribute to reaching these global goals. The dual structure of business-integrated training in Germany further exemplifies a business case and the numerous opportunities available to private companies for engaging with the SDG framework. This briefing paper highlighted available evidence from the ESD literature on VET skills development in advancing the SDGs. Outcomes from best practices were based on the tried-and-tested länder—federal states—piloted vocational training of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) INEBB1 project (INEBB), demonstrating the conditions necessary for vocational education training in sustainability and plausible transfer mechanism within companies. These conditions included (1) the application of deductive concepts, (2) the establishment of blended-learning platforms (place-based and digital), and (3) the adaptation of the criteria and contents from the German Sustainability Codex (DNK) in curriculums designed for the training. This innovative vocational course and certification as specialist training for sustainable development was a model case in bringing the SDGs closer to German companies’ vocational education. INEBB2 sought to upscale applicable and task-based instructions from the experimented model project INEBB1 within different companies through regional, lateral, and vertical transfer strands. The INEBB project model in the review suggested there was a need for further empirical work and policy discourse on educational transfer research in the framework of VET for sustainable development. The INEBB project model integrated the new standard occupational profile items of the environmental protection and the sustainability and digitalised world of work across occupational competencies in the German dual system of vocational education and training that will come into force in August 2021 for all 326 dual training professions.

T. Coelho Rocha, J. Cunha, S. Torres et al.

Introduction Nowadays, ‘Acute and transient psychotic disorders’ in ICD-10 and ‘Brief psychotic disorders’ in DSM-5 are both classifications of the same clinical entity. Over the years, several concepts have been formulated to define the same syndrome. Objectives To explore the historical evolution of brief psychotic disorders and relate them to current nosologies. Methods Literature review, using the most relevant papers, with the keywords “brief psychosis”, “bouffée délirante”, “cycloid psychosis”, “psychogenic psychosis”, “atypical psychosis” and “holodysphrenia”. Results Initially, in 1896, Kahlbaum coined the term ‘dysphrenia’, a group of severe form of psychosis that remitted without showing the typical sequence of disease states and without leaving a lasting alteration. Later, Kraepelin included this kind of disorder in manic depressive illness, which he first named as ‘periodic delirium’ and then as ‘delirious mania’. Magnan, in the pre-Kraepelinian era, created the term ‘bouffée délirante’, a sudden onset of delusional ideas with rapid evolution and intense symptomatology with complete remission usually followed after a short time. Later on, Henry Ey grabbed this entity and renewed it, contrasting it to the defined concept of schizophrenia. Other psychiatric schools have proposed numerous designations: ‘cycloid psychosis’ by Kleist from the German school, ‘psychogenic psychosis’ by Wimmer of the Scandinavian school and ‘holodysphrenias’ by Barahona-Fernandes from the Portuguese school. Cultural variants are also observed, as ‘amok’ seen in Malaysia or ‘shinbyung’ in Korea. Conclusions The intensity and polymorphism of brief psychosis present a clinical challenge. The historical evolution may be helpful on recognizing this entity in current clinical practice.

Agnieszka Majewska

The paper discusses a part of extensive research on phonological, orthoepic and orthographic competence in the area of sounds corresponding to the letters <ą> and <ę> in a group of 99 foreign-language respondents, who spoke 11 native languages and were on 3 language levels of Polish (A, B and C). The article presents solely a comparison of the performance of the final letter <-ą> by foreigners in a read text and its sound equivalents in spontaneous speech elicited by graphic materials. The data collected in the study was analysed in accordance with the respondents’ level of Polish and the belonging of their native languages to the group of Slavic or non-Slavic languages. Analysis of the results showed significant differences in the performance of Slaves and non-Slavs.

Emil Kwidziński

The purpose of the article is to present the evolution of the political agenda of the German Green Party (Die Grünen) between 1980 (establishment of the party, its first program manifesto – Das Bundesprogramm) and 2017 (recent German federal elections program – Zukunft Wird aus Mut Gemacht. Bundestagswahlprogramm). The research was conducted on the basis of the literature and the comparison of the two mentioned program manifestos. The hypothesis of the work is that the successes of the Greens in West Germany mainly result from the ideological, program, and strategic reorientation of the party that took place at the turn of 1980s and 1990s.

Nadezda S. Bratchikova

The genesis of the old Finnish language (1560-1640) is unique due to two historical reasons: first, the literature of this period was religious; secondly, religious and literary languages represented a single entity. The material of the study was the texts of the period of Catholicism and early Lutheranism (1560-1640). The author employed the analysis of semantic models, rhetorical devices, language structures (helped to identify the peculiarities of the formation of the old Finnish language and the reasons for the growth of its influence on the audience), content analysis of texts (allowed to trace the stages of transition in the church service from Latin and German to Finnish) were used. Comparison of folk texts with the translated ones revealed their common features (repetitions at the level of phrase and alliteration). The development of Old Finnish language was decelerated by the excessive use of the Latin language. However, by the middle of the 16th century, the external and internal political situations in Finland were in favour of using the Finnish language as an instrument of religious authority and a means of cultural influence on society. The written literature of Finland in the studied period was of a translatable state. The translated literature was pivotal in the formation and development of verbal art. Educated people (Justen, Finno, Hemminki from Mask, Sorolainen and L. Petri) made a vast contribution to the written language. Due to them, it was enriched with various forms of dialects and a greater lexicon.

Mehmet YILMAZATA, Erdem GÜVEN

Öz: 1942-1945 yılları arasında Alman Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin yanında çatışan, özellikle SSCB menşeili eski savaş esirlerinden oluşan birlikler “Doğu Lejyonları” (Ostlegionen) adı altında tarihsel literatüre geçmiştir. Bu birliklerden biri olan Azerbaycan Lejyonu kendi gazetesini çıkarmaktaydı. Bu makale, gazetenin Alman Propaganda Makinesi içerisinde yer alan bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak Azerbajçan Gazetesi, Azerbaycan’ın Bolşevizm’den bağımsızlığı ve Türkçülük mefkuresini bağımsız bir öğe olarak ele aldığından salt bir Alman “propaganda aracına indirgenemez.   Anahtar Kelimeler: Alman propagandası, Azerbajçan Gazetesi, II. Dünya Savaşı, Türkçülük, Azerbaycan   Abstract: Between the years 1942-1945, a certain number of former soldiers of the Red Army, mostly POW’s, chose to fight along the ranks of the German Wehrmacht. Those formations are known  as Ostlegionen (Eastern Legions ) in the annals of military history. One of those units, the ”Aserbaidjani Legion ” (Aserbaidschanische Legion) had their very own frontline newspaper. This paper stresses that the newspaper may be evaluated as an element within the Ferman Propaganda machinery. Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance to notice that the Azerbajçan Newspaper, should not be seen as a mere German ropaganda tool, but as a publication with a very distinctive character, as themes as the liberation of Azerbaidjan from Bolshevism and the ideal of Turkism are constantly repeated as a subject  within its own context.   Keywords: German propaganda, Azerbajçan Newspaper, World War 2, Turkism, Azerbaidjan

Brintzinger, Klaus-Rainer

This article deals with the expected effects of the recommendation of the senate of the Leibniz Association to the Joint Science Conference to stop the co-funding of ZB MED – Leibniz Information Centre for Life Sciences by federal and state authorities. Until the founding of the Leibniz Association servicing as a specialized library for medicine had been ZB MED’s main task, while evaluation was done under scientific perspectives. The now suspected close-down of this indispensable national information agency would do great harm and damage to medical literature und information supply throughout Germany. For this reason the Association of German Librarians took initiatives for ZB MED’s persistence.

Andrea Radošević

Kajkavian words had begun to enter Croatian medieval literature written in Glagolitic script by the late 14^th century (<i>Petris Miscellany</i>, <i>Vinodol Miscelany</i>, <i>Kolunić Miscelany</i> and other Glagolitic manuscripts). Four manuscripts containing a Croatian translation of the popular Latin work <i>Sermones</i> <i>Discipuli de tempore et de sanctis</i> by German Dominican Johannes Herolt (†1468) belong to the group of Glagolitic text that contain Kajkavian words. They are known as the Glagolitic <i>Disipuli</i> (<i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, <i>C</i>, <i>D</i>, and one fragment of <i>Disipuli</i>), 16^th century texts whose Čakavian language is interwoven with Kajkavian words. A determination of the frequency of some Kajkavian words in <i> Disipuli</i> based on the ratio of Kajkavian words to other words with the same meaning proves that these Kajkavian words are often a signal of the scribe’s ability to produce a text that differs from the text he is copying. By introducing Kajkavian lexemes into a Čakavian text, the scribe enriched the lexical level of the sermons, also creating a manuscript that could easily be accepted across a wider geographical area. The scribe’s intervention on the stylistic level of the text does not exclude the possiblilty that the proximity of Kajkavian areas also influenced the introduction of some Kajkavian words. The use of lexemes of different origins, especially in stylistically marked places, leads to the conclusion that the scribe sought to do more than simply his primary task of transcription in some parts of the text.

Sarikas, Antonio, Engelhardt, Stefan, Sucha, Michael

[english] Introduction: The world wide web opens up new opportunities to interconnect electronic and classroom teaching and to promote active student participation. In this project article we describe the use of internet discussion forums as part of a student-centred teaching concept of pharmacology and discuss its advantages and disadvantages based on evaluation data and current literature. Methods and Results: Final year medical students at the Technische Universität München (Munich, Germany) with the elective pharmacology moderated an internet forum that allowed all students to discuss pharmacology-related questions. Evaluation results of forum participants and elective students demonstrated a learning benefit of internet forums in pharmacology teaching. Conclusion: Internet discussion forums offer an easy-to-implement and effective way to actively engage students and increase the learning benefit of electronic and classroom teaching in pharmacology. <br>[german] Einleitung und Ziele: Das World Wide Web eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten, Online- und Präsenzlehre zu vernetzen und Studierende aktiv in die Lehre einzubinden. In dieser Projektvorstellung beschreiben wir den Einsatz von Internet-Diskussionsforen als Teil eines studentenzentrierten Lehrkonzepts in der Pharmakologie und diskutieren Vor- und Nachteile anhand von Evaluations- und Literaturdaten. Methode und Ergebnisse: Studierende im praktischen Jahr (PJ) mit Wahlfach Pharmakologie übernahmen die Moderation eines Internetforums, das allen Studierenden die zeit- und ortsunabhängige Diskussion pharmakologischer Fragen aus Online- und Präsenzlehre ermöglichte. Evaluationsergebnisse von Forumsteilnehmern und PJ-Studierenden belegten den didaktischen Nutzen von Internetforen für die Pharmakologieausbildung. Schlussfolgerung: Internet-Diskussionsforen bieten eine effektive Möglichkeit, Studierende aktiv in die Lehre einzubinden und den Lernerfolg von Online- und Präsenzlehre zu fördern.

Alessandro Ottaviani

This essay focuses on the complex relationship between Walter Benjamin and Goethe’s morphological doctrines as a key way into defining the concept of the dialectical image. By analysing a wide and scarcely explored literature, it reconsiders Benjamin’s critical response to the re-utilisation of Goethe's work by German biologists. It thus establishes a theoretical framework for delineating Benjamin's radical opposition to Spengler’s philosophy of history.

Bibiana Teixeira de Almeida

<p>O presente artigo visa a relatar o trabalho desenvolvido durante o projeto de iniciação científica “O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para a constituição de base de dados”. Através da documentação, recuperação e digitalização do glossário pessoal e de parte do acervo de livros de traduções do falecido tradutor público Gustavo Lohnefink, o referido projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo principal constituir uma base de dados digital de termos técnicos para o par de línguas alemão – português e colocá-lo à disposição de tradutores(as). Para tanto, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia específica, aqui relatada, que poderá servir como ponto de partida para o tratamento e a recuperação de acervos semelhantes.</p>