Hasil untuk "Folklore"

M. Taussig

A. J. Shaka, J. Keeler, T. Frenkiel et al.

T. Laporte, Paula M. Consolini

Anna Spyrou, Andreas Dimitriou, Valeria Mattiangeli et al.

The officially recognized Cyprus cattle breed is the island’s only native cattle breed, having evolved and adapted over millennia to local environmental conditions and rural traditions. During pre-industrial times, the island’s indigenous cattle were exclusively used in agricultural production and for the transportation of people and goods. Beyond their utilitarian roles, cattle held a special position in the island’s cultural sphere, as reflected in iconography, food taboos, human-cattle cohabitation, and the integration of cattle into major religious celebrations. The mechanization of agriculture along with the increasing demand for high-yielding breeds, followed by large-scale urban development, resulted in the sharp decline of the breed’s population, leading to its current endangered status. ‘Animals REsilient in TIme’ (ARETI) is a research project that aimed to decipher the economic, cultural and genetic history of the island’s indigenous cattle breed from antiquity to the present. Through a multidisciplinary research framework that integrates evidence from zooarchaeology, history, genomics, ethnography and folklore studies, the project deepened our understanding of the breed’s unique genetic traits and long-standing connection to people and local environments, strengthening the prospects for its valorization, conservation and sustainable use. In this article, we outline the project’s multidisciplinary framework and propose that similar approaches could be extended to support the conservation of other endangered animal breeds in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond.

Natalya M. Mosina

Introduction. The study of the semantics of verbal units that convey relations of mental perception in the Erzya and Finnish languages is due to the need for a comparative study of this group of verbs to identify general and specific features inherent in these languages. Despite the numerous publications on this issue based on the material of various languages, there are practically no comparative works on this issue in Finno-Ugric studies and Mordovian linguistics, which explains the relevance and novelty of the analysis of verbal units containing the semantic component “mental perception”. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the most frequent verbs reflecting mental processes in distantly related languages. Materials and Methods. The research material was illustrative examples in the Erzya and Finnish languages, obtained as a result of a continuous and partial sample from texts of various genre and functional styles, including from print media, scientific and educational publications, various dialect and folklore texts included in the linguistic corpus of the Kielipankki Language Bank with the Korp server and MokshEr. In the course of the research, methods of semasiological, comparative, component, descriptive and contextual analysis were used. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, the concepts of “thinking” and “mental perception” are described, a semantic analysis of their explication at the lexical level is carried out, namely, the most frequent verbal lexemes with the semantics of mental activity based on the material of related languages are identified. The author identifies lexical and semantic groups, which include the verbs of the Erzya and Finnish languages with common semantics “thinking”, “mind”, “thought”, as well as verbal units with positive and neutral connotations. Conclusion. The conclusions made by the author contribute to the study of a group of sensory-moral and mental verbs that make up a significant layer of the vocabulary of the Finnish and Erzya languages, as well as to the development of the lexicology of the studied related languages.

Olga V. Trefilova

This congratulatory message refers to the lead researcher of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philology Anna A. Plotnikova, a specialist in Serbian language, Balkanistics, ethnolinguistics, linguistic geography, Slavic dialectology, lexicology, lexicography. The researcher’s path is connected with the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with which she began to cooperate while studying at the Lomonosov Moscow State University in the 1980s. After defending her PhD thesis “Ethnolinguistic dictionary as a linguistic, ethnographic and folklore source (based on the material of Slavic languages and traditions)” (1990), she began to work at the Institute of Slavic Studies as a junior researcher and worked her way up to the lead researcher of the Department of Ethnolinguistics and Folklore. Anna Plotnikova is actively developing areal ethnolinguistics. In 2005, she defended her doctoral thesis “Ethnolinguistic geography of South Slavia”. To date, she has authored 6 books and more than 500 research papers. She is a member of the author’s team of the ethnolinguistic dictionaries “Slavic antiquities” and “Slavic mythology”, a member of the editorial boards of some scholarly journals, editor of serial publications and some monographs of her colleagues. Since 2007, Anna Plotnikova has led the collective work in the Department of Ethnolinguistics and Folklore, which was aimed at creating an electronic database of the Archive of Polesie expeditions (were conducted in 1962–1985); at various times she managed or participated in a number of grants supported by Russian scientific foundations. She is a member of the Russian National Committee of Slavists, participates in the work of several commissions under the International Committee of Slavists: on Balkan linguistics, on ethnolinguistics, on the study of Russian Old Believers. She cooperates with university education, directs the work of graduate students, including foreign ones, and engages young researchers in research activities.

Zuzana Beňušková

Fred B. Eiseman Jr.’s publication which discusses “the visible and invisible” meanings of traditional culture on the Indonesian island of Bali inspired the content of this study. I have asked the following research question: How can an inscription in the national list of intangible cultural heritage influence Carnival (Fašiangy) traditions at Rajecká Dolina (Rajecká Valley)? The description of Carnival customs in the Municipality of Rajecká Lesná illustrates that a part of them is intended for the public and another part for a closer group of participants – municipality inhabitants who understand ritual behaviour and humorous comments and remember what they have experienced together. The third part remains visible only to Carnival revellers and their friends. In the system registration of elements of cultural heritage on the UNESCO list it is very important that balanced focus should be given to understanding the singularity and the degree of effectiveness of each element stemming from folk traditions, which fulfil important tasks mainly at the regional level.

Marina V. Osipova

Lately more and more articles are published, in which the problem of translation the works written in the native languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia are touched upon. Their authors (Yu.V. Limorenko, A.M. Kotorova, N.Ya. Bulatova etc.) emphasize the importance of such translation in popularization the cultural heritage of these peoples. However there isnt any research that highlights the questions of creation of the corpus of translated texts, what kind of methods and strategies were used by translators. It should be mentioned that that the corpus of translated texts can be divided into two types. The first type includes texts written and translated by scientists, missionaries and historians. To the second type belong texts translated by amateur and professional writers. That is why the aim of this article is to answer the question about the stages of the creating of the corpus of the translated from the native languages texts, to determine the most productive methods of translation and to find out what strategies of translation were used by the translators - whether they used their own knowledge of the native languages or interlinear translation, or processed the translation made by the author himself. To achieve this aim the comparative-historical and hermeneutic approaches are used.

Aldona Kobus

Sergiu BACIU

<p>În articol sunt elucidate unele aspecte ale culturii populare românești, care a creat un sistem empiric popular de educaţie intelectuală, în care esenţială ni se pare a fi latura activ-integratoare ce stabileşte în permanenţă relaţii între om, natură şi societate.<strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p><strong>Intellectual education from an ethnopedagogical perspective</strong></p><p>The article elucidates some aspects of Romanian folk culture, which has created a popular empirical system of intellectual education, in which it seems to us to be the active and integrative part that permanently establishes relations between the man, nature and society.</p>

TARASOVA ALEKSANDRA V. / ТАРАСОВА А.В.

This article attempts to identify the signs by which the fantasy genre is recognized. Whether in verbal texts or cinema, such generic signs, like signs of “the fantastic” in general, are difficult to be determined precisely. The subjects of this analysis are TV series and how they communicate with their audience. We consider the problem of generic signs in TV production in the context of historical and cultural features of the Republic of Korea. The present article focuses on two recent TV series, Dokkaebi and Hwayugi, both examples of so-called “urban fantasy”, set mainly in the capital, Seoul, in the present day. On the one hand, the audience for Korean fantasy would expect to see many original, vividly realized characters associated with the mythology of the region. On the other hand, the specificities of Korean religious culture, the influence of shamanism on everyday life (which is hard to be evaluated objectively), and the nature of some neo-Confucian customs complicate the traditional, albeit conditional, “western” oppositions of “natural” to “supernatural”, “ordinary” to “miraculous”. In search of “the fantastic” in the South Korean series, the article turns to the narration itself focusing on what combinations of visual and textual components allow the audience to recognize “the fantastic” and identify the characters in the series as inhuman beings, despite their contemporary costumes, and above all considers the transformations that the 21st century metropolis has to undergo in order to become a special habitat for deities and demons which at the same time can facilitate their interaction with human characters. Статья направлена на уточнение признаков принадлежности произведения к жанру фэнтези. Эти признаки, как и признаки фантастического в целом с трудом поддаются точному определению и в вербальных текстах, и в кинематографе. В данном случае объектом анализа становятся телевизионные сериалы с их специфическим способом взаимодействия с аудиторией. А поскольку речь идет о сериалах производства Республики Корея, это позволяет рассмотреть проблему признаков жанра в контексте историкокультурных особенностей страны. Сериалы «Токкэби» и «Хваюги», ставшие предметом разбора, относятся к так называемому «городскому фэнтези», основное время их действия — наши дни, а место — столица страны, Сеул. С одной стороны, аудитория может ожидать от корейского фэнтези ярких впечатлений и оригинальных персонажей, связанных с мифологией региона. С другой — особенности корейской религиозной культуры, с трудом поддающиеся объективной оценке влияние шаманизма на повседневную жизнь и характер некоторых неоконфуцианских обычаев ставят под сомнение традиционное, хотя и условное, «западное» противопоставление «естественного» и сверхъестественного», «чудесного» и «обыденного. В поисках «фантастического» в южнокорейском сериале статья обращается к нарративу как таковому. В центре внимания — сочетание визуальной и содержательной составляющих, которые позволяют аудитории телесериала узнать в нем фэнтези, а в персонажах, одетых в современные костюмы — нечеловеческие существа. И прежде всего — это те трансформации, которым подвергается мегаполис XXI в., чтобы превратиться в особую среду обитания для божеств и демонов и в место, где возможно их взаимодействие с персонажами-людьми.

Emilio Mari

Abstract ITA «Tutto generava cultura. La cultura di dacia era l’iterazione in scala ridotta della cultura russa in toto, con una caratteristica saliente, il gusto per la conversazione». Questa suggestione di D. Licha?ëv si presta bene a sintetizzare le riflessioni proposte in questo studio: è possibile circoscrivere una specifica cultura orale prodotta dalla villeggiatura pre-rivoluzionaria? Esplorate storicamente attraverso lo sguardo dei cittadini, che ne offrirono un ampio spettro di rappresentazioni letterarie e paraletterarie, le località di villeggiatura svolsero un ruolo non meno importante nell’evoluzione del folklore in cultura di massa, contribuendo all’indebolimento dei confini fra elitario e popolare, favorendo l’incontro fra realtà socio-culturali diverse (villeggianti e “nativi”). L’interazione, ma spesso anche il conflitto fra queste culture, ugualmente desiderose di appropriarsi di un nuovo byt, si risolsero nella comparsa di un insieme di espressioni eterogenee, utili a comprendere i meccanismi di trasformazione del gusto delle masse, i legami fra arte popolare e svago, produzione e consumo culturale nella società russa pre-rivoluzionaria.     Abstract ENG «Everything generated culture. The culture of dacha was the reduced-scale iteration of Russian culture in its entirety, with a salient feature, a taste for conversation». This suggestion of D. Likhachov lends itself well to summarising the reflections proposed in this study: is it possible to circumscribe a specific oral culture produced by the pre-revolutionary dacha? Historically explored through the eyes of the citizens, who offered a wide range of literary and paraliterary representations, dacha settlements played a role no less important in the development of folklore in mass culture, contributing to the weakening of the borders between the elitist and the popular, favouring the encounter between different socio-cultural realities (summer dwellers and "natives"). The interaction, but often also the conflict between these cultures, equally eager to appropriate a new byt, resulted in the appearance of a set of heterogeneous expressions, useful for understanding the mechanisms of transformation of the taste of the masses, the links between popular art and entertainment, cultural production and consumption in pre-revolutionary Russian society.

Sirirawadee Boonyakiat, A. Syukur Ghazali, Gatut Susanto

Abstract: This study aims to describe the error of translation Thai folklore texts into Indonesian language by Thai students which in the results of the translation are divided into two analysis as follows: the mistake of word selection and the mistake of composing the sentence. This research use approach and descriptive qualitative research type. Mistakes are mostly caused by the lack of comprehension of Indonesian language as a target language, especially Indonesian language in various contexts minimized the vocabulary of Indonesia language by Thai students Key Words: error in translation, Thai language folktales texts   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan penerjemahan teks cerita rakyat bahasa Thai ke dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh mahasiswa Thailand yang muncul dalam hasil terjemahan terbagi menjadi dua analisis, yaitu: kesalahan pemilihan kata dan kesalahan penyusunan kalimat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Kesalahan banyak disebabkan oleh minimnya pemahaman ketatabahasan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa sasaran, terutama bahasa Indonesia dalam berbagai konteks serta minimnya kosa kata dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa Thailand. Kata kunci: kesalahan terjemahan, teks cerita rakyat bahasa Thai

Elisabeth Tietmeyer

This article presents an overview of the Berlin Museum of European Cultures’ (MEK ) collaborative work concerning Kazan and Crimean Tatars and most of all of the Crimean Tatar collection of the Museum. This consists of more than 990 objects of everyday life, photographs, and paintings dating from the middle of the 19th century up to today. Most of them were collected in the late 1920s by the Berlin researchers Nata and Hans Findeisen on the Crimean Peninsula and some of them by the Berlin journalist Gustav Küppers in the Dobrogea/Black See – Romania in the 1930s. Based on that, the author of the article collected objects that reflect cultural change and socio-political issues in the Crimea in the middle of the 1990s. Further the article pays special attention to the Berlin painter Wilhelm Kiesewetter. His works show foreign lifestyle which he witnessed during his 14 year journey across Northern Europe, Russia and West Asia. There he also visited Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, but his two-year stay on the Crimean peninsula from 1845 to 1847 was the most emphatic and pleasant for Kiesewetter. Thus, he was very efficient in describing Crimean Tatar everyday life.

Martin Potter

This article explores two stories told during the production of the transmedia documentary project Big Stories, Small Towns: Bongkud-Namaus in the Dusun villages of Bongkud and Namaus in Sabah, Malaysia. Both stories relate to hungry and sacred entities – an atomised, monstrous moon-eating spirit called the Tarob, and a sacred oath bound in blood, which eats anyone who breaks it. The article will introduce the Big Stories, Small Towns project, the process that underpins this project and the site of production in Sabah of one iteration of the Big Stories, Small Towns, before analysing heterotopic conceptions associated with aspects of folklore in the Southeast Asian region. Providing a theoretical framework that reflects upon a key text by Evans (1953) – an early translator of Dusun folklore for Western audiences – aspects of Dusun culture will be explored that illuminate details of the two case study stories. An historical and theoretical treatment of the stories will frame a fusion of transmedia and folklore in manifesting liminal beings to emergence. This fusion of transmedia and folklore facilitates representation and remediation of cultural identities, thus enabling a wider society – in this case Malaysian society – to develop a more nuanced cultural awareness of itself.

Fryderyk Nguyen

W dotychczasowych badaniach nad twórczością Tadeusza Micińskiego inspiracja duchowością świętego Franciszka była jedynie wzmiankowana, mimo że wycisnęła piętno na wielu utworach poety. Najbardziej charakterystyczną cechą mistyki franciszkańskiej jest odnajdywanie śladów Boga poprzez kontemplację natury. Podobny sposób spojrzenia na rzeczywistość niematerialną jest również obecny w poezji młodopolskiego artysty. Poeta stroni od potocznego wyobrażenia o Asyżaninie, przywołuje przede wszystkim jego głębokie przeżycia duchowe, stygmatyzację. Nawiązaniom do świętego Poverello zawsze towarzyszą obrazy zaczerpnięte z natury. W utworach Micińskiego przyroda może prowadzić do poznania Stwórcy, lecz może także budzić zwątpienie i grozę istnienia. Obserwacja zjawisk przyrody zawsze wiąże się jednak z przeczuciem ukrytej za nimi transcendencji. Chociaż wątki franciszkańskie są u Micińskiego z pozoru mniej widoczne niż w liryce Leopolda i Ludwika Marii Staffów czy Jana Kasprowicza, nie można ich uznać za sporadyczne. Autor Nietoty w swojej recepcji postaci Biedaczyny z Asyżu szczególnie zaakcentował jego mistycyzm, czyli to, co w tej duchowości najgłębsze, a zarazem najtrudniejsze. Dlatego ujęcie Micińskiego należy uznać za wyjątkowe. Nauka Franciszka trwale wpisała się w jego światopogląd, współegzystując z innymi, często przeciwstawnymi wpływami. 

Paul Rüsse, Karita Nuut

In reference books and specialised literature, the traditional distinction between the culture hero and the trickster remains surprisingly unequivocal: the latter mythological character is usually defined as the demonic or comical counterpart of the former. While it might be a useful if rigid description for an encyclopaedia, does it always hold true in works of fiction? The present essay attempts to demonstrate that the interaction of the two types is much more ambiguous, and this complex and contradictory relationship is traced through the juxtaposition of probably the best-known characters in Estonian and English folklore, Rehepapp and Robin Hood. Albeit to a different degree, these personages possess traits of both the trickster and the hero but play somewhat different roles in their respective societies. The aim of the article, therefore, is to compare these functions in Rehepapp ehk november by Andrus Kivirähk and The Adventures of Robin Hood and His Merry Outlaws by J. Walker McSpadden and Charles Wilson.

César Calmell i Piguillem

Apenas tres meses antes de que se iniciara la Guerra Civil se celebraron simultáneamente en Barcelona el III Congreso Internacional de Musicología y el XIV Festival Internacional para la Música Contemporánea, dos acontecimientos musicales que fueron exponente del proceso imparable de normalización y europeización en que se hallaba inmersa la actividad y la cultura musical de aquella ciudad desde comienzos del siglo XX. Centrándose en el Congreso, y el protagonismo que en él tuvo su secretario mosén Higini Anglès, en este artículo se ha investigado su génesis, la estructura y organización de aquellas jornadas, y su reconstrucción en número de comunicaciones leídas y conservadas, a partir de la documentación que sobre dicho Congreso Internacional guarda la Biblioteca de Catalunya en su Fondo Personal Higini Anglès.

Alim Sırrı Yılmaz

Entrepreneurship is thought as a fact that aims the absolute profit. And also an entrepreneur is comprehended as a member who aims profit. In this study, while the entrepreneurship concept is being explained, at the same time it is endeavored to express the necessity of social entrepreneurship aspect. And also it is emphasized on the social entrepreneurship and the importance of the education on that direction for the social desired changes. Contrary to getting profit, the necessity of support is emphasized for this education and approaches that needs payment.

Claudia Carranza Vera

ABSTRACT. This article is a review of some lexical examples and texts from oral literature, in which it can be seen the representations that have being given to the Devil and to the Hell in mexican culture. The analysis focuses on the folklore devil and analyzes the functions of this representations, which serves as a catalyzer for some of the emotions, positive and negative, of the Mexican society. RESUMEN. Este estudio realiza una revisión de algunos ejemplos léxicos y de textos provenientes de la literatura oral actual (paremias, coplas, narraciones), en donde es posible apreciar las representaciones que suelen hacerse del Diablo y del Infierno en México. El análisis se centra en el diablo folklórico y analiza las funciones que este personaje puede tener para exponer y catalizar algunas de las emociones, positivas y negativas de la sociedad mexicana.