El objetivo del presente trabajo es poner de relieve una de las preocupaciones centrales del pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno: la imbricación entre las relaciones sociales atravesadas por la lógica de acumulación capitalista y el modo en que estas constituyen la subjetividad de los individuos vivos insertos en dicha sociedad hasta en sus fibras más íntimas. Se tratará de acometer esta tarea exponiendo su diagnóstico de la aniquilación del individuo en el capitalismo posliberal, procurando señalar a lo largo de la exposición la importante herencia marxiana del mismo. El trabajo se desarrollará de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, expondremos de forma sucinta los elementos del pensamiento de Marx que a nuestro entender están a la base de las reflexiones de Adorno, intentando trazar para ello algunos puntos de conexión entre el Marx de los Manuscritos y el de la Crítica de la Economía Política. A continuación, presentaremos la cuestión de la aniquilación o disolución del individuo, situando brevemente esta aportación en su contexto histórico para indicar el sentido preciso en el que, según Adorno, la categoría del individuo se ha vaciado de contenido en las sociedades del capitalismo posliberal. Seguidamente, señalaremos cómo para Adorno esta descomposición del tradicional papel social del individuo no está en modo alguno reñida con la producción social de atomización e individualismo, sino que estos rasgos proliferan y se recrudecen amparados por una apariencia de individualidad que, borrando su génesis histórica y social, sigue operando plenamente aunque no tenga un correlato en el estado real de los sujetos vivos, cada vez más dañados e impotentes. A modo de conclusión, apuntaremos algunas breves notas sobre la vigencia de ciertas reflexiones de Adorno, así como de la necesaria distancia que nos separa de ellas en el presente.
History (General), Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology
This essay employs a broad historical approach to complexify common narratives around the treatment of queer people within the early Soviet Union. By examining how structures of control surrounding, and competing conceptions of, factors such as modernity, sexuality, race, location and gender intersect, it challenges notions of a decline from liberatory post-revolutionary policy into oppressive Stalinist policy. It also reveals a more nuanced picture of the treatment of queer people in the Soviet Union, one which highlights the variety of ways in which queer expression was legalised, medicalised, and criminalised, and the resulting plurality of queer experience during this period. As an essay centred on the experiences of queer people, it also serves to prevent the all too common erasure of queer people from historical narratives, which is essential to creating a nuanced historical tradition that itself challenges misconceptions of the nature and existence of queer people.
In this paper I raise a worry about the most extended resolutions of the problem of time of canonical quantizations of general relativity. The reason for this is that these resolutions are based on analogies with deparametrizable models for which the problem can be solved, while I argue in this paper that there are good reasons for doubting about these resolutions when the theory is not deparametrizable, which is the case of general relativity. I introduce an example of a non-deparametrizable model, a double harmonic oscillator system expressed by its Jacobi action, and argue that the problem of time for this model is not solvable, in the sense that its canonical quantization doesn't lead to the quantum theory of two harmonic oscillators and the standard resolutions of the problem of time don't work for this case. I argue that as general relativity is strongly analogous to this model, one should take seriously the view that the canonical quantization of general relativity doesn't lead to a meaningful quantum theory. Finally, I comment that this has an impact on the foundations of different approaches to quantum gravity.
We are interested in the so-called "combined effect" of two different kinds of nonlinear terms for semilinear wave equations in one space dimension. Recently, the first result with the same formulation as in the higher dimensional case has been obtained if and only if the total integral of the initial speed is zero, namely Huygens' principle holds. In this paper, we extend the nonlinear term to the general form including the product type. Such model equations are extremely meaningful only in one space dimension because the most cases in higher dimensions possess the global-in-time existence of a classical solution in the general theory for nonlinear wave equations. It is also remarkable that our results on the lifespan estimates are partially better than those of the general theory. This fact tells us that there is a possibility to improve the general theory which was expected complete more than 30 years ago.
We prove the density property for generalized Calogero--Moser spaces with inner degrees of freedom. This allows us to describe the holomorphic automorphism group of these complex affine manifolds. These generalized Calogero--Moser spaces can also be understood as quiver varieties corresponding to moduli spaces of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ instantons on a non-commutative $\mathbb{R}^4$.
I introduce a survey of economic expectations formed by querying a large language model (LLM)'s expectations of various financial and macroeconomic variables based on a sample of news articles from the Wall Street Journal between 1984 and 2021. I find the resulting expectations closely match existing surveys including the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF), the American Association of Individual Investors, and the Duke CFO Survey. Importantly, I document that LLM based expectations match many of the deviations from full-information rational expectations exhibited in these existing survey series. The LLM's macroeconomic expectations exhibit under-reaction commonly found in consensus SPF forecasts. Additionally, its return expectations are extrapolative, disconnected from objective measures of expected returns, and negatively correlated with future realized returns. Finally, using a sample of articles outside of the LLM's training period I find that the correlation with existing survey measures persists -- indicating these results do not reflect memorization but generalization on the part of the LLM. My results provide evidence for the potential of LLMs to help us better understand human beliefs and navigate possible models of nonrational expectations.
We investigate unbiased high-dimensional mean estimators in differential privacy. We consider differentially private mechanisms whose expected output equals the mean of the input dataset, for every dataset drawn from a fixed bounded $d$-dimensional domain $K$. A classical approach to private mean estimation is to compute the true mean and add unbiased, but possibly correlated, Gaussian noise to it. In the first part of this paper, we study the optimal error achievable by a Gaussian noise mechanism for a given domain $K$ when the error is measured in the $\ell_p$ norm for some $p \ge 2$. We give algorithms that compute the optimal covariance for the Gaussian noise for a given $K$ under suitable assumptions, and prove a number of nice geometric properties of the optimal error. These results generalize the theory of factorization mechanisms from domains $K$ that are symmetric and finite (or, equivalently, symmetric polytopes) to arbitrary bounded domains. In the second part of the paper we show that Gaussian noise mechanisms achieve nearly optimal error among all private unbiased mean estimation mechanisms in a very strong sense. In particular, for every input dataset, an unbiased mean estimator satisfying concentrated differential privacy introduces approximately at least as much error as the best Gaussian noise mechanism. We extend this result to local differential privacy, and to approximate differential privacy, but for the latter the error lower bound holds either for a dataset or for a neighboring dataset, and this relaxation is necessary.
Edward Gow-Smith, Alexandre Berard, Marcely Zanon Boito
et al.
This paper presents NAVER LABS Europe's systems for Tamasheq-French and Quechua-Spanish speech translation in the IWSLT 2023 Low-Resource track. Our work attempts to maximize translation quality in low-resource settings using multilingual parameter-efficient solutions that leverage strong pre-trained models. Our primary submission for Tamasheq outperforms the previous state of the art by 7.5 BLEU points on the IWSLT 2022 test set, and achieves 23.6 BLEU on this year's test set, outperforming the second best participant by 7.7 points. For Quechua, we also rank first and achieve 17.7 BLEU, despite having only two hours of translation data. Finally, we show that our proposed multilingual architecture is also competitive for high-resource languages, outperforming the best unconstrained submission to the IWSLT 2021 Multilingual track, despite using much less training data and compute.
El 16 de julio de 2020, las principales autoridades del Estado se reúnen en la plaza de la Armería del Palacio Real para rendir un solemne homenaje a los miles de víctimas que la pandemia de la COVID-19 había causado en España. Se trata del primer homenaje de Estado de carácter aconfesional celebrado en el país tras la reinstauración de la democracia en 1978. Dentro de un contexto de inestabilidad social provocada por la pandemia y con la llegada al poder del primer Gobierno de coalición de partidos de izquierda desde la II República, se produce una reactualización del ritual con la celebración de este homenaje de Estado a las víctimas del COVID.
Este estudio, de corte ensayístico, pretende ahondar en el concepto del ritual político, en la posibilidad de crear nuevos ritos y en su papel en las modernas democracias. Además, se investiga en profundidad en los funerales oficiales ocurridos en España desde la aprobación de la actual Constitución, sus rasgos comunes y sus particularidades. Con este artículo se pretende poner en valor la importancia de este tipo de actos oficiales para cohesionar la sociedad, legitimar a las instituciones del Estado e influir a través del discurso político.
Clustering bipartite graphs is a fundamental task in network analysis. In the high-dimensional regime where the number of rows $n_1$ and the number of columns $n_2$ of the associated adjacency matrix are of different order, existing methods derived from the ones used for symmetric graphs can come with sub-optimal guarantees. Due to increasing number of applications for bipartite graphs in the high dimensional regime, it is of fundamental importance to design optimal algorithms for this setting. The recent work of Ndaoud et al. (2022) improves the existing upper-bound for the misclustering rate in the special case where the columns (resp. rows) can be partitioned into $L = 2$ (resp. $K = 2$) communities. Unfortunately, their algorithm cannot be extended to the more general setting where $K \neq L \geq 2$. We overcome this limitation by introducing a new algorithm based on the power method. We derive conditions for exact recovery in the general setting where $K \neq L \geq 2$, and show that it recovers the result in Ndaoud et al. (2022). We also derive a minimax lower bound on the misclustering error when $K = L$ under a symmetric version of our model, which matches the corresponding upper bound up to a factor depending on $K$.
This research attempts to present a journey through the different methods New-Spain art historiography has approached the corporate portraiture phenomenon inscribed in the female monastic context, displaying a general overview of the issues that tend to take place when addressing the series of calculated or conventional strategies formulated expressly for this set of representations. Thus, it goes beyond totalitarian genders such portraitures have agglutinated, such as “crowned nuns” or “religious painting of the 18th century”. In addition to it, the article questions prejudices around an alleged pictorial quality in function of the mimetic potential and the decorative features of these representations, encouraging new research axes evidencing their own variables, behaviors, and relations from particular theoretical, formal, corporate, and experiential approaches.
Este artículo analiza cómo la expansión del comercio y la manufactura afectaron al pensamiento político clásico en la última etapa de las Trece Colonias y los primeros años de Estados Unidos. Gracias a una combinación de análisis histórico y de teoría política, observa los cambios inducidos por la sociedad comercial en aspectos clave del pensamiento político clásico, como la representación, propiedad, libertad y el sentido de la historia. Su principal aporte está en buscar causas para esas transformaciones doctrinales en factores extradiscursivos, pues buena parte de la bibliografía sobre la historia de las ideas políticas en esta etapa se centra en los “lenguajes” e “ideologías”.
Victor Manuel Tepe Atoche, Juan Pedro Soplapuco Montalvo
La formación de los ingenieros es un tema que involucra a docentes y estudiantes, los avances tecnologico obliga a los centros de formación superior buscar alternativas para mejorar o proponer nuevas estrategias de enseñanza en ingeniería. El objetivo de la Investigacion realizada fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica de manera cualitativa, que nos permita conocer las estrategias metodologias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes en las carreras de ingeniería en universidades de Latinoamérica y el mundo, teniendo en consideración el impacto que estas generan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, se consideró cuarenta(40) artículos publicados entre los años 2010 al 2020 que tengan relación a procesos de formación, se utilizó el buscador Google Académico y las ecuaciones de búsqueda, con la finalidad de encontrar en bases de datos la información, que nos permitirán hacer un análisis del desarrollo de las estrategias metodológicas, que los docentes utilizan en la formación de los futuros ingenieros, esto no lleva a concluir que todavía es un área que requiere ser atendida por los investigadores.
Sara Tortorella, Alberto Zanelli, Valentina Domenici
Several scientific channels on TV, crowded scientific fairs, and many serious scientific board games on the market demonstrate that people is curious about science. However, when asked about the perception of scientific subjects, chemistry in the first place, general public still shows rejection toward “too complicated”, “abstract”, and “far from everyday life” topics. Unarguably, every chemist would not recognize chemistry as neither “abstract” nor “far from everyday life”: actually chemistry, the so-called central science, is all around us. Where is the gap to fill, then? Why are not we able to convert that innate curiosity, which makes people stepping out from their houses to join public engagement activities, into genuine, time-persistent, passion about chemistry? Such questions will be addressed herein, giving practical examples of possible approaches to address the problem. Special emphasis will be given to new learning means, generically referred as “Open Learning” ones, and interactive teaching approaches typical of non-formal environments, such as Science Festivals. Real examples of activities beyond the formal curricula of chemical study, some carried out by us in the framework of the “Diffusione della Cultura Chimica –
Società Chimica Italiana ” mission and vision, will be discussed underlining their role in enhancing learning and inspiring confidence and passion toward chemistry.
History (General) and history of Europe, Chemistry
We analyze the statistical physics of self-propelled particles from a general theoretical framework that properly describes the most salient characteristic of active motion, $persistence$, in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Such a framework allows the development of a Smoluchowski-like equation for the probability density of finding a particle at a given position and time, without assuming an explicit orientational dynamics of the self-propelling velocity as Langevin-like equation-based models do. Also, the Brownian motion due to thermal fluctuations and the active one due to a general intrinsic persistent motion of the particle are taken into consideration on an equal footing. The persistence of motion is introduced in our formalism in the form of a \emph{two-time memory function}, $K(t,t^{\prime})$. We focus on the consequences when $K(t,t^{\prime})\sim (t/t^{\prime})^{-η}\exp[-Γ(t-t^{\prime})]$, $Γ$ being the characteristic persistence time, and show that it precisely describes a variety of active motion patterns characterized by $η$. We find analytical expressions for the experimentally obtainable intermediate scattering function, the time dependence of the mean-squared displacement, and the kurtosis.
We propose a new theoretical approach for a cosmological model, which starts from an exponential of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor-dependence on the gravitational action, to be summed to the Ricci scalar. We derive the referred field equations and Friedmann-like equations. We derive the scale factor, Hubble parameter and deceleration parameter, in terms of both time and redshift. In possession of those parameters in terms of the redshift, we confront their predictions with the observational Hubble dataset and the outcomes are pretty satisfactory so that the model can be seen as a new alternative to the cosmological constant problem. We also present the statefinder diagnostic and discuss profoundly the dynamical behaviour of the model.