Abdullah Al Noman, Partha Baidya, Md Aslam Hossain
et al.
The increasing demand for reliable power distribution necessitates advanced monitoring solutions for distribution transformers. This paper presents an IoT-driven health monitoring system designed to enhance the reliability and efficiency of smart power grids. The system integrates sensors to measure voltage, current, oil temperature, and body temperature, ensuring real-time data acquisition and fault detection. An ESP32 microcontroller processes sensor data and transmits it to the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance. The system effectively identifies phase failures, earth faults, overheating, and other anomalies, allowing for timely intervention and reduced downtime. Unlike conventional manual inspection methods, this low-cost solution provides continuous monitoring, improving transformer lifespan and operational efficiency. The proposed approach offers a scalable and cost-effective strategy for smart power grid applications, promoting sustainable energy management through data-driven decision-making. Future enhancements may include AI-based fault prediction and expanded integration with smart grid infrastructures.
Hugo Miguel Silva, João Tiago Noversa, Leandro Fernandes
et al.
In recent years, conformal cooling channels (CCCs) have become simpler and less costly to produce. This was largely the product of recent developments in additive manufacturing. In injection molding engineering applications, CCCs provide superior cooling performance compared to the usual usage of straight-drilled channels. This is because CCCs can be conformed for more uniform cooling of the molded part. Using CCCs decreases cooling time, total injection time, thermal stresses, and warpage by a significant amount. Despite this, CCC design is more difficult than conventional channel design. The production of a cost-effective and efficient design is dependent upon CAE simulations. This inquiry focuses on the sensitivity analysis of design features in preparation for the adoption of a design optimization approach in the future. The goal is to optimize the position of cooling channels (CCs) so as to decrease ejection time and promote temperature distribution uniformity. The ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) parametrization and the given design variables are useable and may be used in future optimization attempts.
Ambulances play a crucial role in patient transportation and are often subjected to rapid accelerations, decelerations, and maneuvering. These dynamics can cause vibrations and instability, significantly impacting patient comfort and safety. This research aims to enhance patient comfort by implementing a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) system on the stretcher of an ambulance. The DVA incorporates additional mass connected through a damping system to reduce pitching and bouncing effects, improving comfort levels according to ISO 2631 standards. The optimization of parameters such as the distance between the stretcher’s center of gravity and the DVA, spring constants, damping coefficients, and mass is carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA). By using a half-car model and sinusoidal road profiles, this study simulates and analyzes the impact of DVA on reducing vibrations. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in patient comfort and safety during ambulance transport.
Hui Yean Ling, See Hung Lau, Siaw Yah Chong
et al.
Soil desiccation cracks in natural clayey soil pose significant risks to the stability of civil and geotechnical structures. Traditional methods for detecting these cracks are often inefficient and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, we applied a deep learning approach of semantic segmentation based on DeepLabv3+ to detect desiccation cracks. To enhance computational efficiency, a pretrained lightweight network, MobileNetV2, was employed as the backbone for the DeepLabv3+ model. The model was trained and tested on a dataset of natural clayey soil crack images obtained through laboratory tests. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, F1 score, and intersection over union (IoU) were used to assess the segmentation performance. The model took 17.13 min to train and achieved an inference speed of 0.43 s per image. DeepLabv3+ achieved better performance than the traditional segmentation method, with a precision of 95.76%, a recall of 84.12%, an F1 score of 89.56%, and an IoU of 81.10%. The model also demonstrated the capability to handle images with shading conditions and the presence of spots. DeepLabv3+ with MobileNetV2 as a backbone network was proven to be effective and efficient as a backbone in soil desiccation crack detection and segmentation.
Thanks to Pompeii’s burial under Vesuvio’s 79 AD eruption deposits, the ballistic imprints on its northern defensive perimeter are uniquely attributable to Sulla’s siege of 89 BC. These impact marks were digitally documented using integrated survey techniques and custom pipelines. The virtual casts generated—dimensionally accurate, high-resolution surface replicas—serve as key inputs for the reverse-modeling of damage craters, supporting terminal ballistics analyses. Two case studies—a stone projectile cavity and fan-shaped dart impressions—were 3D-printed at 1:1 scale. Prototype casting thus emerges as a cultural asset and rapidly updatable component of a dynamic data ecosystem, inclusive of users with disabilities.
For intensified global environmental and societal challenges, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have come to the forefront as a pivotal framework for corresponding action. For SDGs, the role of commercial spatial design and planning gains unique prominence. Using importance–performance analysis (IPA) with importance–performance–scope analysis (IPSA), we explore the SDGs’ deployment and ramifications in commercial spatial planning in this study. By spotlighting pivotal SDG indicators, the study results underscore commercial spaces’ performance in the environmental, social, and economic sectors. The combined analytical approaches were used to elucidate the present-day salience and efficacy of these attributes and highlight prospective trajectories for future evolution. The results offer a blueprint to empower designers and planners in the commercial realm to assimilate the SDGs effectively and design with environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and economic viability. The industry can have pragmatic strategic guidance aligned with global sustainable development imperatives.
Current developments in language learning technology can connect native speakers to an artificial intelligence (AI)-based discussion forum for foreign language learning; HiNative is an application that answers the problems of foreign language learners by providing a discussion forum with answers that AI and native speakers double-check. This research was conducted on 56 respondents. In this study, portability, application usability, and interaction with native speakers were examined. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. Mandarin learners responded positively to the portability of the HiNative application. Connections between native speakers assisted by AI increase the motivation of Mandarin language learners.
Matthew MacRorie, Sally Weston, Kabindra Pudasaini
et al.
Modelling consumer demand under intermittent water supply (IWS) is an unresolved challenge. To understand withdrawal behaviours in more detail, fifty-six smart meters were installed in households across an IWS network in Lahan, Nepal. The most frequent withdrawal type was small withdrawals (median two litres), while large tank-filling-type behaviours contributed significantly to a household’s overall water consumption. Behaviour was highly heterogeneous; households with large storage tanks tended to practice tank-filling behaviour significantly more than those without. Consequently, a one-size-fits-all approach to consumer demand modelling may not always be appropriate and could lead to unrealistic predictions of supply inequality.
Aye Aye Khin, Kui Ming Tiong, Whee Yen Wong
et al.
Energy is the key driver of economic growth; however, the economic leadership position of G7 countries and the rising global manufacturing hub status of the ASEAN-5 countries have yet to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Thus, this paper aims to examine the effects of real GDP per capita, urban population, the number of individuals using the internet, carbon dioxide emissions, total trade and net foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on the renewable energy consumption (REC) of G7 and ASEAN-5 countries from 1990 to 2021 yearly data. Using Studenmund’s and Gujarati and Porter’s procedures of the panel data model, the panel fixed-effect econometric modelling held the best outcome for both G7’s and ASEAN-5 countries’ REC models. Based on the findings, urban population highly and positively affects REC in G7 countries. However, there is also a positive and strong relationship between net FDI inflows and REC in ASEAN-5 countries. The empirical findings prove the importance of macroeconomic, socioeconomic and environmental variables for the outcomes of REC policies across both developed and developing countries.
Batlkham Dambadarjaa, Batbayar Khuyagbaatar, Damdindorj Boldbaatar
et al.
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions and the leading cause of disability. It is estimated that at least 8 out of 10 people experience low back pain during their lifetime. The purpose of this study was to determine trunk kinematics in individuals with and without non-specific chronic LBP during flexion–extension and hurdle step tests. A total of 90 participants (45 participants with LBP and 45 without LBP), aged between 18 and 50, participated in this study. The wearable inertial sensors were used to capture three-dimensional movements during both trunk flexion–extension and the hurdle step test. Altered trunk kinematics during the flexion–extension and the hurdle step test were observed in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.
Precise metal parts are manufactured using cold forged screw forming, but this method has drawbacks such as material damage and the possibility of imprecise parts. To ensure the accuracy and quality of parts, it is crucial to analyze and predict the forging force in this process. There are various methods to predict the forging force including laboratory testing, numerical simulation techniques, and simulation techniques. To provide forging information that cannot be measured by forging-forming machines, we simulated the nut-forming process based on actual manufacturing conditions using SolidWorks (v2020) with DEFORM-3D (v6.1). The results showed that the performance of the prediction of forging force specifications by the currently available nut-forming machines was improved by 8−20%. As the product becomes larger, the difference in forging force also increases proportionally. This research result, combined with appropriate experimental analysis, can be used as parameter controls for manufacturers in the future implementation of smart manufacturing.
The paper deals with a proposal for a small-watercourse revitalization measure, which is currently regulated by a post-local treatment. The sections of the watercourse are relatively straight and direct. The current shape of the stream does not retain water in the landscape. Any surface water in the watercourse is quickly transferred to the receiving watercourse, which is the important Hvozdnice watercourse. The practical part includes the design of revitalization measures, a new longitudinal profile, and sections. The watercourse is loosened by curves and the total length of the watercourse has been extended by 161.56 m. The route includes a wetland, four pools, and two pond wedges. An economic estimate of the proposed measure was made.
This study investigates the use of a CuBr vapor nanosecond laser with a 510 nm/578.2 nm wavelength for the surface treatment of 1050 aluminum and 2219 aluminum alloys. Laser-induced periodic surface structuring was used to optimize processing parameters to achieve hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties on the surface. The wetting properties were measured and the roughness results (R<sub>a</sub>, R<sub>z</sub>, R<sub>q</sub>) evaluated. Prior to and after laser treatment, surface wetting and roughness changes were investigated. The wetting study showed that the maximum contact angle between a droplet of deionized water and the treated surface can be reached between more than 140 degrees and less than 10 degrees, which, respectively, is a superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surface. Compared with the untreated surface, wetting increased by more than 2 times and decreased by more than 8 times. Overall, experiments show the dependence of wetting properties on laser input parameters such as scan speed and scan line distance with different delivered energy amounts. This study demonstrates the possibility of laser parameter optimizations which do not require auxiliary gases and additional processing of the resulting surfaces to obtain different wetting properties on the surface. The findings described in this article suggest that the CuBr laser surface treatment method is a promising method for industrial applications where surfaces with special wetting and roughness properties are required, for example, the laser marking of the serial number of parts used in wet environments such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and defense industries.
Since it is impossible to reconstruct the top level that has collapsed, a formwork is constructed to squeegee mortar or spray mortar, and repair kits are being used in Korea to chip away the damaged concrete of the bridge deck structure. In Korea, a technique called hydro-demolition replaces water blasting and water jetting by using high-pressure water to remove not only asphalt but also old and broken concrete. Additionally, dry materials including cement, aggregate, and additives are carried via the inside of a hose to the field using compressed air, where they meet water and are ejected at a high rate of speed. This technique is known as dry mix shotcrete. Using the devised automatic hydraulic dismantling technology and high-performance dry-mix shotcrete, field application results are discussed in this study.
Ivanna Kruglenko, Sergii Kravchenko, Petro Kruglenko
et al.
New sensitive architectures built on soft surface architectures or nano-sized blocks also require a rethinking of the principles of the operation of traditional physical recording methods. Here, we report an experimental study of complex loadings for classical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) that appear on the surface with flexible spatial organization and variable coupling by which the interface architecture is connected to the transducer. Sensitive layers are superlattices formed on 100 nm LB1 latex nanoparticles self-assembled during the contact line deposition in evaporating sessile droplets with or without nonionic surfactant TWEEN<sup>®</sup> 20. It was shown that QCM resonance frequency change is not primarily determined by the adsorbate mass alone (as for LB1&TWEEN<sup>®</sup> 20 mixture), but rather by the link by which interfacial architecture is bound to the transducer (as for LB1 superlattice). A model has been proposed and substantiated in which the manifestation of anti-Sauerbrey behavior is associated with changes under the action of water vapor in the characteristics of the contact area of intra-film 3D mountainous deposits with the transducer surface. The possibility of a gaseous analyte not only to change the loading of QCM but also the features of the mechanical behavior of the mass associated with the surface opens the way to the creation of a new class of highly selective sensors of especially dangerous or critically important analytes. Due to the selective effect of the analyte on the processes of interfacial friction in the contact layer between the sensitive architecture and the sensor substrate, a contrast pattern of response to the target analyte can be formed. This is due not so much to the large magnitude of the response itself, but to the fact that the change in the analytical signal is opposite to the “usual” Sauerbray-like shift of the resonant frequency.
Kakeru NANJO, Ryusei OKUYAMA, Eriko MATSUMURA
et al.
In recent years, with the depletion of fossil resources, there is a need to further improve the thermal efficiency of diesel engines. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of diesel engines, it is necessary to realize rapid combustion. The combustion process in diesel engines is greatly affected by spray characteristics and depends on air fuel mixture characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the detailed spray characteristics in mixture formation process. In the past, many studies on the spray characteristics in mixture formation process have been reported. For example, Nishiura et al experimentally evaluated the effect of fuel injection pressure, nozzle hole diameter, and ambient density on the spray characteristics (Nishiura and Inoue ,2019). However, most of the previous reports have evaluated the spray characteristics using the total time averaged over a quasi-steady period for the physical quantity. Thus, the temporal and spatial variability of the spray and the large-scale vortical structure have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the turbulent intermittency phenomena in diesel sprays were investigated by using sheet scattered light imaging, focusing on the large-scale vortex structure that affects the formation mechanism of the diesel spray mixture. The intermittency of the diesel spray was investigated by applying the analysis method used for clarifying the phenomenon of turbulent intermittency in free jet flow to the analysis of the diesel spray. In this experiment, the effects of injection pressure on the intermittent behavior of the diesel spray were investigated.
Mechanical engineering and machinery, Engineering machinery, tools, and implements
Satoshi KADOWAKI, Tsutomu UCHIYAMA, Toshiyuki KATSUMI
et al.
Unstable behavior of hydrogen-air lean premixed flames was studied by numerical calculations of two-dimensional unsteady reactive flow to clarify the effects of unburned-gas temperature, heat loss and scale. We adopted the numerical model containing the detailed hydrogen-oxygen combustion with 17 elementary reactions of 8 reactive species and a nitrogen diluent, compressibility, viscosity, heat conduction, molecular diffusion, and heat loss of Newtonian type. A disturbance with sufficiently small amplitude was superimposed on a planar flame to obtain the relation between the growth rate and wave number, i.e. dispersion relation, and the linearly most unstable wave number, i.e. critical wave number. As the unburned-gas temperature became lower and the heat loss increased, the growth rate decreased and the unstable range narrowed. These were due mainly to the decrease of flame temperature and burning velocity. To study the characteristics of cellular flames, the disturbance with the critical wave number was superimposed. The disturbance developed owing to intrinsic instability, and then the cellular shape of flame fronts appeared. The burning velocity of a cellular flame normalized by that of a planar flame became larger as the unburned-gas temperature became lower and the heat loss increased. The burning velocity of a cellular flame became monotonically larger with an increase in scale. This was because that the long-wavelength components of disturbances affected the unstable behavior of cellular flames.
Mechanical engineering and machinery, Engineering machinery, tools, and implements
Hafiz Mudassir Munir, Rami Ghannam, Hong Li
et al.
Harmonics are regarded as one of the main challenges in a microgrid. This issue may even get worse when different distributed generators (DGs) work together to solve the load sharing problems due to mismatched feeder impedances and diversified DG ratings. Even though load sharing can be achieved, the microgrid suffers from voltage unbalance and total harmonic distortion (THD) issues at the output of DG terminals as well as at the point of common coupling (PCC). Thus, in this paper, the power quality improving method is discussed, with a target of load sharing under the hierarchical control of different DG units and an active power filter (APF) in microgrids. To achieve this objective, we propose integrating a direct harmonic voltage controlled APF with DGs to improve their harmonic compensation performance. This proposed control scheme has many advantages over conventional control using a shunt resistive active power filter (R-APF) with voltage controlled DGs. First, based on the existing THD level of the PCC voltage, the proposed scheme provides improved voltage compensation and reduction in THD in the islanded microgrid. Secondly, equal load sharing can be achieved simultaneously. Thus, the proposed scheme provides better performance and a seamless interface as the proposed study mainly contains both the voltage controlled DGs and the local based voltage detection APF.
Engineering machinery, tools, and implements, Technological innovations. Automation
The present study is about inhuman crimes which has its origin from dowry. It enables a detailed discussion on the timely interference of a judiciary which was considered as a new dimension in developing women's rights against exploitation in the name of dowry. The objective of this paper was to study about the aftermath ill effects on the victims of dowry offences and continued significance of such draconian practice even in modern era. The word dowry is almost synonyms with indian women. Dowry is considered as a sacramental and indispensable custom of marriage especially in Hindu religion which turned into an illegal practices of the society due to its inhuman nature.According to manu shastra ,women were regarded as lower class of people which denotes that they were undeclared slaves of such patriarchal society and such society never let women for observance of equality in marital relationship. In addition to that women's dignity is oppressed and questioned by such draconian practices like dowry. Shortcut of dowry indicating low status for women. Ineffective implementation of stringent laws which curbs death deaths indicates the deficiency of government machineries in protecting women’s life. It also makes an attempt to investigate the legal instruments which related to the prohibition of dowry in India. The information acquired from this study show that Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 took its significance and authority from section 498-A and section 304-B which was enumerated in Indian penal code, but Article 51-A of the constitution remains ineffective because such provisions were never considered as an enforceable before a court of law as it was lies in directive principles of state policy which will not bind any government machineries and it was merely a discretionary provision .In recent trends, education is considered as a tool for increasing their bargaining power in dowry negotiations instead of providing social awareness.Judiciary should ensure effective government machinery to implement the stringent laws along with the legal punishment, to do away with this evil practice. the purpose of this study random sampling method has been used There are a total of 1489 samples collected with regard to this study .