This article explores the conservative ideology of Correa Moylan Walsh and its influence on his approach to economics. Walsh, known primarily for his contributions to index number theory, also held deep-rooted conservative views that permeated his scientific work. The paper argues that Walsh’s conservatism was shaped within the sociopolitical context of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a period marked by significant reform movements in the United States. These views culminated in his 1917 trilogy, where Walsh articulated his skepticism toward socialism, feminism, and other social reforms, which he believed threatened the moral and structural stability of Western civilization. This study demonstrates that Walsh’s conservatism not only influenced his philosophical outlook but also framed his economic analysis, illustrating how personal moral convictions can shape scientific inquiry. Walsh’s case exemplifies the broader interaction between ideology and scientific research, challenging the notion of economics as an entirely objective, value-free discipline.
Abstract The descriptor ‘servant’ is opaque, capturing nothing of the status of those to whom it was attached. Servants are nonetheless assumed to come from poor backgrounds and to have served in the homes of the wealthy. Taking servants recorded in the church court depositions as a starting point, this chapter explores a constellation of sources and evidence to contextualise their service and situate it within broader life histories. From the depositions, I mine the signatures and marks they left at the bottom of their depositions as a mark of consent, interrogating them as indicators of literacy, status, and identity. I explore their self-assessments of wealth that they gave when testifying, disaggregating the fine gradations of status and wealth they articulated. I trace their lives both inside and outside service, using parish records of baptism, marriage, and death as well as probate material to build a picture of who they served as well as who they went on to marry. By tracing the histories of these women in depositions and other archives, the chapter uncovers the myriad reasons they entered service: to seek training in practical and social skills, to escape poverty, and by compulsion.
Muhammad Rabiul Islam Liton, A.H.M. Shaiadul Kabir Hridoy
La ley de Engel es una de las relaciones más duraderas en economía en lo que se refiere al gasto en alimentos de los hogares. Según esta ley, cuando aumentan los ingresos familiares, disminuye la proporción del gasto en alimentación, a pesar de que aumente el importe real de dicho gasto. Fue un tema de investigación dimensional durante la primera etapa del desarrollo de la ley y se convierte en una ley básica en la economía del comportamiento. Sin embargo, en el siglo XXI hay muchas cosas incluidas en el paquete de consumo que no existían en la época de Engel, como los automóviles, los seguros médicos, los teléfonos móviles, etc. Por lo tanto, después de más de 150 años, los economistas y los responsables políticos prestan una atención incansable a la aplicabilidad y relevancia de la ley en diferentes aspectos económicos. Por lo tanto, el estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relevancia de la Ley en Tangail Sadar Upazial de Bangladesh. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, los datos necesarios se recogen de Tangail Sadar Upazial siguiendo la técnica de muestreo en varias etapas. Después de analizar los datos, se revela que la Ley de Engel es aplicable en el área de estudio. Por lo tanto, el estudio sugiere a las autoridades respectivas que tomen más iniciativas para los programas de mejora de los ingresos para que la gente pueda gastar más en inversiones no alimentarias.
Economics as a science, Economic history and conditions
This study aims to answer the problem of whether there is an influence of religious understanding on public interest in Islamic Financial Institutions. This type of research is Quantitative research. Primary data were collected with a closed questionnaire with a liket scale. The number of respondents used was 399 respondents who were spread proportionally with the Cluster Sampling Technique. The data is then analyzed using statistical methods starting with conducting validity tests, reality tests, linearity tests, normality tests then determining regression models, T tests and Determination Coefficient Tests. The results of this study show that there is a significant influence of religious understanding variables on public interest. This is indicated by the calculated T value of 27.709 and the Sig. value of 0.000. So that the value of t is calculated > t table which is 27.709 > 1.649 and the value of Sig. which is 0.000 < 0.05. The amount of influence of this religious understanding variable was obtained by 64.5% while the remaining 35.5% was influenced by other variables. The results of this study help financial industry stakeholders to continue to improve socialization and community literacy in Islamic finance. The results of this research are also a strong basis for strengthening cooperation between stakeholders in the Islamic finance industry and religious leaders.
We apply the Business Cycle Accounting framework to the COVID-19 recession in the Euro Area and the United States. We conclude that the efficiency wedge had the most important role in the Euro Area, followed by the labor and investment wedges. In the United States, the labor wedge was the most crucial, with the investment wedge taking a second place. We present hypotheses, supported by our theoretical framework, for the dichotomy of the role of the efficiency wedge between the studied regions.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
Penelitian ini membahas tentang eksistensi kedudukan fatwa DSN MUI terhadap keberlangsungan operasional bisnis di lembaga keuangan syariah. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif yang bersifat kepustakaan, penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa kedudukan fatwa DSN MUI menjadi salah satu prasyarat dalam menentukan ketetapan suatu produk di lembaga keuangan syariah. Ketika produk yang di ajukan oleh DPS masing-masing lembaga keuangan syariah mendapatkan ketentuan fatwa dari DSN MUI. Maka produk perbankan syariah itu telah sesuai dengan tuntunan syariat Islam serta ketentuan fatwa tersebut menjadi payung hukum dalam menjalankan produk yang menjadi daya tarik bagi para nasabah. Apalagi sampai dilegitimasi oleh undang-undang maupun Peraturan Bank Indonesia. Sehingga fatwa DSN MUI tersebut mejadi ketentuan hukum yang mengikat bagi seluruh lembaga keuangan syariah. Dengan demikian, ketentuan fatwa tersebut secara tidak langsung menjadi salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberlangsungan segala operasional bisnis di lembaga keuangan syariah yang memiliki manfaat dan keberkahan bagi semua pihak yang menjalankannya, baik itu bagi LKS sebagai otoritas yang memiliki penawaran produk maupun bagi nasabah sebagai pemakai produk
Paulo Cesar Greenhalgh de Cerqueira Lima, Paulo Renato Flores Durán
This paper aims to consider and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on work in Brazil. The difficult times Brazil has been facing have deepened the precarization experienced by a significant number of citizens in the work world and exposed the structural inequalities of the Brazilian society. We begin by presenting a contextualization of the country in terms of general indicators (political and social) and highlighting the development of Brazil’s work relations. We then analyze secondary data (from official sources), showing even more profound social inequalities in the work world in pandemic times, including those referring to recent reformist policies, with strong neoliberal inspiration in Brazil. Finally, we discuss the above-mentioned profound inequalities, especially those related to the increasingly weaker social protection networks and labor rights in Brazilian society.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
A 30 años de la puesta en valor de un espacio donde funcionaba la empresa automotriz Chrysler, resignificado en una Casa de Altos Estudios donde convergen muchos habitantes del municipio más extenso del conurbano bonaerense y sus zonas aledañas, este artículo se enfoca en mostrar cómo el emplazamiento de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza ha contribuido a lo largo de su historia (y sigue haciéndolo) al desarrollo social de quienes transitan por ese ámbito y quienes tangencialmente también se ven beneficiados por su fundación.
Political science, Economic history and conditions
Rodrigo Peixoto da Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Freitas Vian
Este trabalho estabeleceu 9 clusters de municípios brasileiros com base em 30 indicadores de modernização agropecuária e os classificou de acordo com suas condições produtivas. Os resultados indicam forte heterogeneidade no meio rural. Mais da metade dos estabelecimentos agropecuários se enquadra nos três clusters mais vulneráveis, com condições produtivas precárias. Eles se concentram nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e representam apenas 25% do PIB agropecuário. Por outro lado, os três clusters mais modernos representam 19% dos estabelecimentos, 12% da área utilizável e 22% do emprego rural, mas representam 32% do PIB agropecuário e se concentram nas regiões Sul e Sudeste.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
Analizar cómo las instituciones colombianas están relacionadas (formales e informales) con el crecimiento económico de 1996 al 2016. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa descriptiva, se emplearon datos de bases secundarias (BM, Latinobarómetro y WGI). Los resultados demuestran un crecimiento paralelo entre la estabilidad política; las reglas/leyes; y el PIB per-cápita. En cambio, el control de la corrupción y la confianza generalizada presentaron un crecimiento inverso. Las instituciones formales e informales son determinantes para el crecimiento económico en Colombia. La implementación de instituciones más inclusivas puede aumentar los niveles de ingresos del país.
Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, Economic history and conditions
Elhangzott a Gáspár Pál Közgazdaságtudományi Emlékalapítvány és a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Gazdaságpolitika Tanszéke által szervezett, „Helyzetértékelő gondolatok a magyar gazdaságról” című konferencián, 2010. november 26-án.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
It might seem natural to think that the socialist model of the economy, and a reality where collective property prevailed, eliminated the problem of financial crime. But did it really? This paper, which presents the scale of this type of crime as reflected by GUS (Polish Central Statistical Office) statistics, is an attempt at answering this question. At the same time we would like to present the “3 Cs” model (circumstances, character, chance), in which all the “C” factors occurred simultaneously, but on each occasion each of these had a different impact on the particular criminal act.
En la última década los niveles de desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso se han reducido significativamente en América Latina. Esto producto de un crecimiento económico sostenido y la marcada reducción de los niveles de pobreza. No obstante, en términos internacionales la región continúa siendo la más desigual del planeta manteniendo altos niveles de concentración del ingreso. Aunado a esto, las mediciones sobre desigualdad, provenientes de encuestas de los hogares, podrían estar subestimando la alta concentración del ingreso al compararse con mediciones provenientes de registros fiscales, al mismo tiempo que las estructuras tributarias se encuentran sesgadas hacia impuestos indirectos con un más regresivo impacto distributivo. Este artículo propone la incorporación de instrumentos de análisis, basados en los registros tributarios, que permitan mejorar las mediciones sobre la desigualdad, así como cambios en materia impositiva a fin de de aumentar la recaudación y el alcance efectivo de los impuestos sobre los individuos de más altos ingresos.