Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Leonard A. Jackson

Community-based tourism (CBT) is an innovative and participatory approach that places local communities at the center of tourism development. This model aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Through a synthesis of global case studies from regions such as Nepal, Kenya, Costa Rica, South Korea, and Zimbabwe, this paper examines the transformative potential of CBT in fostering inclusive economic growth, empowering marginalized communities, and promoting cultural and environmental sustainability. Content and comparative analyses reveal how CBT generates sustainable livelihoods, preserves cultural heritage, and addresses governance and dependency challenges. The study highlights interlinkages between SDGs 1 and 8 and provides actionable strategies for stakeholders, including policymakers, residents, tourists, and academics. Recommendations for addressing implementation barriers and future research directions underscore the need for innovative solutions, technological integration, and long-term community resilience planning. This paper affirms CBT’s role as a global model for sustainable tourism and equitable development.

Ivan A. Antipin, Elizaveta A. Belousova, Elena A. Shishkina

Modern economic and social instabilities and resource constraints make it increasingly relevant to search for a new model of territorial development, which focuses on the quality of life, social well-being and environmental sustainability. The formation of a post-growth model for municipalities becomes a vital step towards a more sustainable and fair society and transforms the established processes of strategic planning by prioritising social and environmental well-being over economic growth. The article aims to study the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of strategic planning of municipal development under post-growth. Methodologically, the research rests on the concepts of economic development, theories of strategic planning and management, regional and spatial development, and the systems theory. The methods include synthesis, comparative and structural analysis, content analysis and foresight. The evidence base covers municipalities’ strategic planning documents and the composite rating of their socio-economic development in the Sverdlovsk oblast. The authors have determined that, within the framework of the post-growth concept, the construct of economic well-being acts as an indicator for municipalities to assess their economic progress, and reflects the results of responsible development and conscious following to the principles and priorities of sustainability. The introduction of this construct changes the content of strategic planning priorities by emphasizing the preservation of human capital, population of the territory, its natural potential, awareness of and responsibility for its development and orientation towards qualitative indicators of economic progress. The results of the empirical analysis show that the municipalities most successful in the traditional sense of the growth economy have a greater ability to consider post-growth realities in their strategies.

Xin Guan, Yunshan Li, Zekun Wu et al.

As AI systems move into high stakes domains such as legal reasoning, medical diagnosis, and financial decision making, regulators and practitioners increasingly demand auditability. Auditability means the ability to trace exactly what each step in a multi step workflow saw and did. Current large language model based workflows are fundamentally opaque. Context pollution, defined as the accumulation of information across reasoning steps, causes models to hallucinate and lose track of constraints. At the same time, implicit data flow makes it impossible to reconstruct what any given step actually received as input. We present NormCode, a semi formal language that makes AI workflows auditable by construction. Each inference step operates in enforced data isolation and can access only explicitly passed inputs. This eliminates cross step contamination and ensures that every intermediate state can be inspected. A strict separation between semantic operations, meaning probabilistic language model reasoning, and syntactic operations, meaning deterministic data flow, allows auditors to clearly distinguish inference from mechanical restructuring. The multi format ecosystem, consisting of NCDS, NCD, NCN, and NCDN files, allows developers, domain experts, and auditors to inspect the same plan in formats suited to their individual needs. A four phase compilation pipeline transforms natural language intent into executable JSON repositories. A visual Canvas application provides real time graph visualization and breakpoint debugging. We validate the approach by achieving full accuracy on base X addition and by self hosted execution of the NormCode compiler itself. These results demonstrate that structured intermediate representations can bridge human intuition and machine rigor while maintaining full transparency.

Mattia Piccinini, Sebastiano Taddei, Johannes Betz et al.

Online planning and execution of minimum-time maneuvers on three-dimensional (3D) circuits is an open challenge in autonomous vehicle racing. In this paper, we present an artificial race driver (ARD) to learn the vehicle dynamics, plan and execute minimum-time maneuvers on a 3D track. ARD integrates a novel kineto-dynamical (KD) vehicle model for trajectory planning with economic nonlinear model predictive control (E-NMPC). We use a high-fidelity vehicle simulator (VS) to compare the closed-loop ARD results with a minimum-lap-time optimal control problem (MLT-VS), solved offline with the same VS. Our ARD sets lap times close to the MLT-VS, and the new KD model outperforms a literature benchmark. Finally, we study the vehicle trajectories, to assess the re-planning capabilities of ARD under execution errors. A video with the main results is available as supplementary material.

Matteo Mazzamurro, Petra Hermankova, Michele Coscia et al.

Economic complexity is a powerful tool to estimate the productive capabilities and future growth of modern economies. Little is known of how economic complexity evolves over long periods in history. In this paper, we use archaeological evidence from the Roman Empire in the form of short texts preserved on a durable material (i.e. inscriptions) to estimate the economic complexity of the various provinces of the empire. By connecting the occupations listed in the text of inscriptions with the location in which the inscribed objects were found we can estimate that the most complex areas during the first four centuries of the Roman Empire have a remarkable and statistically significant overlap with the most complex countries today. While we lack an explanation for the reason of the preservation of economic complexity through the ages, this evidence provides a suggestion about how difficult the development of economic capabilities might be.

F. Adedoyin, F. Bekun, A. Alola

Abstract In recent times, physical-capital investment has been outweighed by research and development expenditure in terms of their growth impact. However, how such expenditure affect economic expansion in the presence of energy consumption is yet to be given thorough attention in the literature. Consequently, this study used data from 1997 to 2015 for 16 EU countries to demonstrate how expenditure on research and development drives growth in the presence of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption. Empirical results from the Pool Mean Group Autoregressive distributive lag model (PMG-ARDL) revealed that in the short run, investment in research and development adversely affect growth prospect in the EU. However, in the long run, research-led growth is evident alongside energy consumption, although the latter outweighs the former. Additionally, result from Dumitrescu and Hurlin Panel Causality tests showed a feedback causality between energy consumption, research and expenditure and economic growth. The findings of this study make it essential for EU countries to boost spending on renewable energy sources. Additionally, EU countries should pay closer attention to investment in research and development in order to sustain the plan for long term advancement in sustainable power sources for feasible energy and economic development.

Shikun Zhang, M. K. Anser, Michael Yao-Ping Peng et al.

After the COVID-19 outbreak, this study examines the influence of modifications in China's Sustainable Growth Goals (SDGs) and economic development goals on Chinese enterprises' energy conservation and emissions reduction behavior. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 epidemic has erupted, displacing the flimsy traditional techniques. As a result, the post-COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the need for a long-term sustainable development method compatible with the local and regional environmental systems. The main objective of this study is used as a roadmap to steer the post-COVID-19 pandemic on a sustainable green path by emphasizing sustainable energy strategies to connect in SDG-related efforts. The investigation in this paper begins with examining significant impacts in the energy industry and their impact on progress toward sustainability. The empirical findings that the CO2 emissions reduction objectives in long-term development plans had a considerable impact on energy saving and emissions reduction, lowering energy consumption intensity by 3.33% and carbon emission intensity by 4.23% between 2010 and 2019. Besides, the results and long and short run techniques are built to describe the Sustainable Development Goals interface, with the result revealing that Sustainable Development Goals enhance the green economic recovery performance. Furthermore, this study recommends that the key natural resources and green economic recovery policies to overcome the climate change impacts by COVID-19 pandemic.

Ola M. Jarrar, Majd Al-Homoud

This paper investigates the potential for creating walkable communities in Riyadh using a qualitative research methodology. This approach encompassed: (1) systematic selection of international case studies renowned for their walkability strategies, (2) critical comparative analysis of these case studies, and (3) extraction of a Walkability model to derive strategic guidelines and recommendations tailored to Riyadh’s context. Through literature review, four international case studies emblematic of effective walkability practices were examined. Key themes and strategies that emerged from these analyses included integrated public transit, compact urban design, pedestrian infrastructure, community engagement, cultural considerations, and context-sensitive innovation. Based on these themes we threaded a comprehensive model for sustainable walkability in Riyadh. To assess such model, we extracted conceptual framework and suggested future hypotheses for future studies. By synthesising these findings, the research proposed a walkability model to advance Riyadh’s transformation into a walkable city.

Yao Yao, Taiki Inoue, Makoto Takamura et al.

We investigated the growth of twisted graphene on graphene/silicon carbide (SiC-G) templates by metal-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) through a sequential thermal (ST) process, which exploits the ultraclean surface of SiC-G without exposing the surface to air before CVD. By conducting control experiments with SiC-G templates exposed to air (AirE process), structural analysis by atomic force microscopy revealed that the nucleation density of CVD graphene (CVD-G) was significantly suppressed in the ST process under the same growth condition. The nucleation behavior on SiC-G surfaces is observed to be very sensitive to carbon source concentration and process temperature. The nucleation on the ultraclean surface of SiC-G prepared by the ST process requires higher partial pressure of carbon source compared with that on the surface by the AirE process. Moreover, analysis of CVD-G growth over a wide temperature range indicates that nucleation phenomena change dramatically with a threshold temperature of 1300°C, possibly due to arising of etching effects. The successful synthesis of twisted few-layer graphene (tFLG) was affirmed by Raman spectroscopy, in which analysis of the G' band proves a high ratio of twisted structure in CVD-G. These results demonstrate that metal-free CVD utilizing ultraclean templates is an effective approach for the scalable production of large-domain tFLG that is valuable for electronic applications.

Pratham Singla, Ayush Singh, Adesh Gupta et al.

Urban planning faces a critical challenge in balancing city-wide infrastructure needs with localized demographic preferences, particularly in rapidly developing regions. Although existing approaches typically focus on top-down optimization or bottom-up community planning, only some frameworks successfully integrate both perspectives. Our methodology employs a two-tier approach: First, a deterministic solver optimizes basic infrastructure requirements in the city region. Second, four specialized planning agents, each representing distinct sub-regions, propose demographic-specific modifications to a master planner. The master planner then evaluates and integrates these suggestions to ensure cohesive urban development. We validate our framework using a newly created dataset comprising detailed region and sub-region maps from three developing cities in India, focusing on areas undergoing rapid urbanization. The results demonstrate that this hybrid approach enables more nuanced urban development while maintaining overall city functionality.

N. S. Gonchar

A complete description of taxation systems that ensure sustainable economic development is given. These tax systems depend on production technologies and gross output volumes. Explicit formulas for such dependencies are found. In a sustainable economy, the value added either exceeds or is strictly less than the value of the product produced. The latter is determined by the tax system. The concept of perfect taxation systems is introduced and their explicit form is found. For perfect taxation systems, it is proved that the vector of gross output should belong to the interior of the cone formed by the vectors of the columns of the total cost matrix. It is shown that under perfect taxation systems the vector of gross output must satisfy a certain system of linear homogeneous equations. It is shown, that under certain conditions there are tax systems under which certain industries require subsidies for their existence. Under such taxation systems, the industries that require subsidies are identified. The family of all non negative solutions of the system of linear equations and inequalities is constructed, which allowed us to formulate a criterion for describing all equilibrium states in which partial clearing of markets occurs.

Yongping Sun, Yingying Li, Tiantian Yu et al.

Abstract The environmental pollution caused by resource extraction will crowd out other factors for economic growth, thus undermining the economic growth and sustainable development of resource-based cities. Based on the panel data of 273 cities in China from 2003 to 2016, we analyze the correlation and mechanism between environmental pollution and resource extraction through a mediating effect model. The empirical results show that both resource extraction and environmental pollution have significant inhibitory effects on regional long-term economic development. The negative impact of resource extraction on long-term economic development is partly caused by environmental pollution. Especially for resource-based cities, environmental pollution is the main source of resource curse. We suggest that at the national level, the state should formulate the resources exploitation plan reasonably without breaking through the ecological carrying capacity and accelerate the improvement of the audit system of natural resources and build a resource information sharing platform to make the processes of resources exploitation more specific and transparent. At the city level, environmental improvement should be regarded as an important channel of urban sustainable development to enhance urban economic innovation and competitiveness.

Ebou Correa

This research explores the influence of unemployment, inflation and FDI on GDP growth from 1991 - 2021. To estimate the model's short-run and long-run phases, the ARDL model was utilized. The Granger causality test, the Error Correction Model (ECM) approach, and the cointegration test were all applied during the investigation. GDP growth, FDI, unemployment, and inflation are among the variables considered. According to the results of the stationarity test, GDP growth and inflation (INF) were stationary at the level, whereas unemployment and FDI were stationary at the first difference. The cointegration test results demonstrated that the variables under consideration had a long-run association. The ECM outcomes also found that, while unemployment and inflation have negative effects on GDP growth, FDI has a positive effect.  Finally, the Granger causation analyses showed that none of the variable granger cause the other. The finding suggests that the government should implement policies that manage unemployment and inflation while also encouraging FDI inflows to improve GDP growth.

Moshe Yanovskiy, Yehoshua Socol

Conflict of Interest declaration is the default way to mitigate the risk of harm of unconscious or deliberate promotion of self-interest causing misinformation or wrong decision-making. Public attention to the disclosure of interests caused by private sources of research funding results in a routine procedure now. At the same time, very strong interests caused by taxpayer-covered Governmental funding of research are generally badly underestimated. Researchers generally have no idea that taking public funding and promoting policy advice to provide more funds should be declared as a conflict of interest: Promotion of more funds and power under the control of bureaucratic bodies or entities is anticipated to bring more funding for the researchers themselves. For example, the COVID-19 response of most democratic governments, based on the use of emergency powers, enjoys broad support from publicly funded research – though the effectiveness of such a response is not supported by the history of previous pandemics. The explicit requirement to disclose public funding as a potential Conflict of Interest, at least in case the authors promote more power and more funds for the Government, will mitigate risks of one of the potentially dangerous biases both in research and in decision-making.

Yayuan Lei, J. Flacke, N. Schwarz

Abstract It is essential to understand how urban plans affect urban growth patterns in order to improve current urban planning and management systems. Few studies have been conducted to analyse urban growth patterns of Shenzhen, an international megacity located in southern China, but none of them revealed the relationships between urban planning and urban growth patterns. This study explores the effects of urban master plans on urban growth patterns in different plan periods in Shenzhen. We first quantified the urban growth patterns comparing pixel- and patch-based methods. Three methods resulted in different quantities and spatial characteristics of urban growth. We then explored the relationships between urban growth patterns and urban planning in Shenzhen through multinomial logistic regression models. Across two planning periods, the master plans together with other socio-economic, physical, proximity, accessibility and neighbourhood factors shaped the urban growth patterns of Shenzhen. Out of the master plan elements, planned main roads in the Master Plan of Shenzhen 1996–2010 and the planned built-up zone in the Master Plan of Shenzhen 2010–2020 ha d stronger effects on urban growth patterns but contributed less than most other factors, e.g. distance to ocean. The importance of the other influence factors also varied over time. This changing effect suggests that we need to consider carefully whether driving factors might change in their importance over time when investigating future scenarios of urban land use change. Overall, this approach could also be applied to monitor progress in the paradigm shift towards an integrated urban-rural development in China.

فرنوش مخلص, دلارام سبکرو, مهربان عثمان مصطفی et al.

مفهوم شهر، شناختی به‌عنوان یک موجود مستقل، غیرقابل تقسیم و در تعاملی دائمی با اندام‌های مختلف تشکیل‌دهندۀ خود است. وجهی از مفهوم اجتماعی است که شهر را در یک نظم سیستمی با حفظ استقلال اجزاء، به هم پیوند می‌دهد. تعریف اجزاء و نوع پیوند آنها به فاکتورهای اجتماعی، طبیعی، فرهنگی، سیاسی، اقتصادی، کارکردی و فیزیکی وابسته است که در یک رابطۀ سیستمی، توسعه و حیات شهر را در طول تاریخی توضیح می‌دهند. در شهرهای سمنان و دامغان، بنیان شکل‌گیری شهر آب بوده است. سازمان فضایی شهر و تعریف عناصر شهری و رویدادها و مراسم شهر در ارتباط با آب شکل می‌گرفته است. در کنار دلایل و انباشت‌های عینی و ذهنی جاری در شهر که معنای کلیت آن را خوانش می‌کنند، در شهرهای مذکور، عنصر طبیعی آب به‌عنوان مهمترین عامل در تعریف عناصر سازمان شهر است. با حضور درخت در فضای شهر، رابطه‌ای تکاملی و معنادار دارد و در انطباق با مفاهیم و سایر اندام‌های عینی شهر به خوانش منظر شهری از طریق عناصر سازمان فضایی کمک خواهد کرد. بنابراین این مقاله با هدف شناسایی و رابطۀ سازمانی عناصر منظر شهری، از طریق مطالعات و مشاهدات میدانی به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤال است: چگونه عناصر منظر شهری سمنان و دامغان بر اساس عناصر سازمان فضایی شهر خوانش می‌شوند؟ در راستای پاسخ به این سؤال، با دیدگاهی کل‌نگر، براساس منابع کتابخانه‌ای و انطباق آنها با مشاهدات میدانی، مصادیقی از شهر خوانش شدند که بتوانند مفاهیم عناصر سازمان فضایی را روایت کنند. علاوه بر مصداق‌های فیزیکی و کارکردی در تعریف عناصر سازمان فضایی شهر -مرکز، قلمرو، کل‌های کوچک و ساختار، زیرساخت آبی و درخت به‌عنوان عناصر طبیعی، در تکمیل و خوانایی عناصر سازمانی شهر، از وجوه متمایز و مهم سازمانی سمنان و دامغان با سایر شهرهای ایرانی هستند.

H. A. A. Hajar, Adiy Tweissi, Yousef A. Abu Hajar et al.

Abstract It has been argued recently that green growth is the only economic development pathway to secure a sustainable future. The Government of Jordan has launched a National Green Growth Plan aiming to facilitate the transition towards green growth in six priority sectors; amongst those is the solid waste management sector. Jordan Vision 2025 has set a 33% reduction target in the solid waste amounts disposed in landfills or dumpsites by 2025. This study examines the development of the municipal solid waste management sector in Jordan from sustainability standpoint and presents potential scenarios to attain Jordan Vision 2025 target and gradually place this sector on a green growth path. The Sustainability Window analysis tool was used to assess the sustainability of this sector over the 2010–2015 period. This tool identifies whether the economic growth maintains the social and environmental wellbeing using strong and weak environmental, social inclusion, and economic indicators. Three scenarios to address Jordan Vision 2025 target were proposed and compared using the Sustainability Window tool: Mechanical biological treatment-anaerobic digestion, mechanical biological treatment-composting, and incineration. It was concluded from the sustainability window analysis of the 2010–2015 data that the total number of jobs in the municipal solid waste management sector is a weak social inclusion indicator compared to the stronger one “jobs per 10,000 tonnes”. Likewise, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per tonne is a weak environmental indicator unlike the stronger “net GHG emissions”. It was also inferred from the Sustainability Window analysis that the 2010–2015 Jordanian municipal solid waste sector growth did not fulfill all sustainability criteria. The proposed future scenarios were compared and it was determined that the mechanical biological treatment alternatives fulfill all sustainability criteria regardless of the indicators’ strength, whereas the incineration scenario only satisfies the sustainability criteria using weak environmental indicators. Nonetheless, mechanical biological treatment-composting is the most attractive scenario from an economic perspective owing to the lower GHG mitigation cost of $18.3 per tCO2-eq compared to $35.5/tCO2-eq for the mechanical biological treatment-anaerobic digestion and $161.7/tCO2-eq for incineration.

Norimah Rambeli, Dayang Affizzah Awang Marikan, Jan M Podivinsky et al.

The focal aim of this study is to examine the validation of education-led economic growth hypothesis in Malaysia under the recovery period following the 2008 world economic crisis. Specifically, this study implemented the augmented Cobb-Douglas model in order to observe the dynamic relationship between selected variables including, industrial production index, gross fixed capital formation, employment, government spending on education and broad money supply. This study adopted the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in analysing the dynamic impact between variables and generally supports the education-led growth hypothesis in the short and long run. Specifically the study corroborates the bidirectional causality between education spending and economic growth, and vice versa, in the short run. The result also reveals that long-run equilibrium relationship exists between government expenditure in education and economic growth in Malaysia during post-crisis recovery regime. The education-led growth hypothesis can thus be inferred for the economy following crisis. The government should thus be advised that increasing education sector spending should increase post-crisis economic growth in both the short and long run. This is further strengthened by Granger causality test result which suggests unidirectional causality that runs from financial variable to economic growth. It is accordingly suggested that financial variable is a determinant of government spending on education in the aftermath of the economic crisis. Additionally, the study also supports the role of capital and employment on economic growth in the long term. By implication, the study suggests that financial planning as related to national education policies must be carefully and meticulously crafted, to ensure future success. This is linked to the investment in human capital which includes education expenditure at different levels that is essentially important to national long-term planning. The specific financial planning for human capital development is therefore very important to ensure the expenditure incurred contributes to sustainable economic development in Malaysia in the long term.

Jianhui Jian, Xiaojie Fan, Shiyong Zhao et al.

Abstract Using a panel of China’s 31 provinces over 1978–2017, we examine the effects of entrepreneurship on economic growth in the context of China’s transformation from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy. We divide entrepreneurship into two types: business creation and innovation. Our panel data estimation results show that both types of entrepreneurship have significantly positive effects on growth rate of China’s GDP per capita over the sample period. Specifically, annual growth rate of GDP per capita will increase by 0.75–1.625 percentage points if business creation entrepreneurship increases by ten percentage points. Innovation has a lag impact on economic growth. Annual economic growth rate will increase by 0.05–0.188 percentage points if innovation in the last period increases by ten percent. When business creation entrepreneurship increases by one standard deviation, annual growth rate will increase by 1.53–3.32 percentage points; and when innovation entrepreneurship (last period) increases by one standard deviation, annual growth rate will increase by 0.03–0.12 percentage points. The results are robust even when we control for different sets of independent variables. China’s transition and development experience show that a strong government does not conflict with the role of entrepreneurs and free markets.

Arifah Rahmawati

The involvement of female combatants in the Aceh conflict challenges the stereotype of peaceful women, but these women have largely been overlooked in formal peacebuilding programmes. Using a qualitative approach, this chapter reveals the complex ways in which gender obstructs just and fair reintegration. Three areas are looked at closely: social reintegration (public acceptance of ex-combatants), economic reintegration (access to compensation) and political reintegration (support for female ex-combatants’ candidacy to the local parliament). The chapter finds that gender in intersection with other identities influences which female ex-combatants benefit from reintegration programmes. It explores explanatory factors such as loyalty to the struggle for freedom, the timing of disarmament, and kinship with male elites (men in power)—identifying the last of these as the most important. Although female ex-combatants do not face social stigma in this context, their access to economic and political reintegration benefits is limited and strongly influenced by their kinship with and proximity to men in power. Consequently, Aceh’s female ex-combatants cannot be seen as homogenous. Post-conflict peacebuilding programmes have created inequalities, and the old mantra ‘all for one, one for all’ has lost its meaning. These findings underscore the importance of looking at equality and inclusivity in an intersectional way at every stage of peacebuilding, including where reintegration processes are concerned.