Hasil untuk "Decorative arts"

Suthisa Leasen, Panida Lorwongtragool, Sittichoke Chaiwan et al.

<b>Background:</b> In forensic ballistics, identifying ammunition types on physical evidence is critical, particularly when metallic residues are minimal. This study comparatively analyzes the elemental signatures deposited by two common projectiles—Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) (Cu/Zn jacket) and Lead Round Nose (LRN) (exposed Pb core)—on complex targets, including pig bone/tissue and mango wood. <b>Methods:</b> Using a semi-automatic handgun at an intermediate range of 5.0 m, residues were examined through high-resolution benchtop Micro-XRF (M4 Tornado) for micro-spatial analysis and Portable XRF (Elio) for rapid field characterization. Additionally, fresh pork leg samples were subjected to a 3-month environmental degradation period to assess trace persistence. <b>Results:</b> Observations indicated that LRN projectiles exhibit markedly elevated Lead (Pb) concentrations along the wound track in bone, hence confirming Pb as a reliable indicator for unjacketed ammunition; specifically, the median Pb concentrations at bullet wiping were 10.39 wt% for M4 and 7.34 wt% for Elio. Conversely, FMJ traces remain strictly confined to the surface bullet wipe area, with median concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn being 2.21 wt%, 0.24 wt%, and 0.59 wt% via M4, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation for high-concentration elements on tissue, but significantly greater variance on wooden surfaces where FMJ traces exhibited a very weak negative correlation (r = −0.2774) due to minimal and irregular metal transfer. Taphonomic evaluation revealed that the Pb signature from LRN is exceptionally stable (r ≈ 0.9999) even after decomposition, while FMJ signatures are highly sensitive to environmental exposure. <b>Conclusions:</b> This research underscores the necessity of high-sensitivity Micro-XRF (M4) for definitive ammunition verification, providing a refined analytical framework for shooting incident reconstruction even involving degraded remains or complex environmental scenes.

І. Гуржій, Д. Коршунов

Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of training in higher education institutions for students of art specialties ("Fine Arts", "Decorative and Applied Arts", "Design"), the problem of the methodology of teaching future specialists sketches and drafts of the human figure as the basis of academic drawing is raised. The concepts of "drawing", "picture" and "academic drawing" are defined and differentiated, so as "sketches" and "drafts". In the process of theoretical generalization of one's own artistic and pedagogical experience, an algorithm for mastering sketches and drafts of the human figure is developed, described and illustrated. It includes six consecutive stages, each of which solves clearly defined specific tasks. Practice shows that a step-by-step methodological approach makes it possible to master the complex process of working on sketches and drafts of the human figure, which has a positive effect on the overall level of training of art students. In the future, the problem of integrating the educational components "Drawing" and "Plastic Anatomy" requires research attention.

Du Jingyi, Koycheva Tetyana

The article is devoted to highlighting the features of preparing future teachers of fine arts for ethnocultural education of students. The essence of ethnocultural education in modern socio-cultural conditions is specified as one that involves the implementation of the educational potential of the ethnic and cultural environment as a space for the formation in students of the properties and qualities of the people of which they are a representative. It has been noted that ethnocultural education ensures the reorientation of the entire educational system to the ethnocultural determinants of youth education, the actualization of their significance in the process of transmitting the culture of the people from generation to generation. It has been determined that ethnocultural education is traditionally implemented: saturation of the educational process with information about the culture of the people, social norms of behavior, spiritual and moral values; introducing students to the cultural achievements of other ethnic groups, demonstrating equality and non-discriminatory attitudes; expressing the experience of folk education in order to stimulate schoolchildren's interest in folk culture, traditions, and creativity; gaining experience of tolerant attitude towards people of different ethnic groups and nationalities. It has been proven that artistic creativity of an ethnic nature, based on the axiomatic principles of the very nature of art, is a priority way of cultural existence and postulating the national idea, therefore activates the potential of ethnocultural education. Fine arts are a powerful means of ethnocultural education of students, because in artistic creativity the ethnic and traditional educational ideal of the Ukrainian people is revealed and preserved, reproduced in a highly artistic figurative form that is accessible for perception and understanding. It has been proven that the teacher is the guide and popularizer of the cultural heritage of different ethnic groups, cultures, and nations, whose mission is to involve the younger generation in the diversity of cultural values, ethno-national traditions. It has been established that a modern teacher of fine arts must be both a bearer of their own ethno-national culture and an “inspirer” of the development of ethnic and cultural selfawareness of students. It has been determined that the preparedness of a teacher-artist for the ethnocultural education of students allows them to engage in various types of artistic and decorative and applied creativity based on elements of folk art. It has been proven that using the entire arsenal of expressive means of folk art by a teacher of fine arts enriches the methodology of teaching fine arts in the following sections: painting, drawing, sculpture, decorative and applied arts, and art history.

Markiian Mandzak, Elvira Yang, Anna Zapaishchykova et al.

Extracranial tissues visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may hold significant value for characterizing health conditions and clinical decision-making, yet they are rarely quantified. Current tools have not been widely validated, particularly in settings of developing brains or underlying pathology. We present TissUnet, a deep learning model that segments skull bone, subcutaneous fat, and muscle from routine three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI, with or without contrast enhancement. The model was trained on 155 paired MRI-computed tomography (CT) scans and validated across nine datasets covering a wide age range and including individuals with brain tumors. In comparison to AI-CT-derived labels from 37 MRI-CT pairs, TissUnet achieved a median Dice coefficient of 0.79 [IQR: 0.77-0.81] in a healthy adult cohort. In a second validation using expert manual annotations, median Dice was 0.83 [IQR: 0.83-0.84] in healthy individuals and 0.81 [IQR: 0.78-0.83] in tumor cases, outperforming previous state-of-the-art method. Acceptability testing resulted in an 89% acceptance rate after adjudication by a tie-breaker(N=108 MRIs), and TissUnet demonstrated excellent performance in the blinded comparative review (N=45 MRIs), including both healthy and tumor cases in pediatric populations. TissUnet enables fast, accurate, and reproducible segmentation of extracranial tissues, supporting large-scale studies on craniofacial morphology, treatment effects, and cardiometabolic risk using standard brain T1w MRI.

Mostapha Kalami Heris

Large Language Models (LLMs) are central to reasoning, writing, and decision-support workflows, yet users lack consistent control over how they reason and express outputs. Conventional prompt engineering relies on verbose natural-language instructions, limiting reproducibility, modularity, and interpretability. This paper introduces Prompt Decorators, a declarative, composable syntax that governs LLM behavior through compact control tokens such as +++Reasoning, +++Tone(style=formal), and +++Import(topic="Systems Thinking"). Each decorator modifies a behavioral dimension, such as reasoning style, structure, or tone, without changing task content. The framework formalizes twenty core decorators organized into two functional families (Cognitive & Generative and Expressive & Systemic), each further decomposed into subcategories that govern reasoning, interaction, expression, and session-control. It defines a unified syntax, scoping model, and deterministic processing pipeline enabling predictable and auditable behavior composition. By decoupling task intent from execution behavior, Prompt Decorators create a reusable and interpretable interface for prompt design. Illustrative use cases demonstrate improved reasoning transparency, reduced prompt complexity, and standardized model behavior across domains. The paper concludes with implications for interoperability, behavioral consistency, and the development of declarative interfaces for scalable AI systems.

Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj, Arunaggiri Pandian Karunanidhi, Seth A. Eichmeyer

In semiconductor manufacturing, early detection of wafer defects is critical for product yield optimization. However, raw wafer data from wafer quality tests are often complex, unlabeled, imbalanced and can contain multiple defects on a single wafer, making it crucial to design clustering methods that remain reliable under such imperfect data conditions. We introduce DECOR, a deep clustering with orientation robustness framework that groups complex defect patterns from wafer maps into consistent clusters. We evaluate our method on the open source MixedWM38 dataset, demonstrating its ability to discover clusters without manual tuning. DECOR explicitly accounts for orientation variations in wafer maps, ensuring that spatially similar defects are consistently clustered regardless of its rotation or alignment. Experiments indicate that our method outperforms existing clustering baseline methods, thus providing a reliable and scalable solution in automated visual inspection systems.

Mohsen Tabassi, Behnam Behnia, Vahid Vahdat Farimani

Ghahveh-Khaneh (Coffee house) painting is one of the most prominent manifestations of folk art. This style of painting is specific to painters who, despite their lack of education, succeeded in communicating what they had in mind through their special painting skills. Their thoughts originated from their pure perceptions of the social environment. In other words, imaginative Ghahveh-Khaneh painters (Khiyali-Negar) chose the themes of their paintings from the heart of society. On the other hand, architecture is a conveyor of life, and life, in all its forms, is only well expressed in architecture. Therefore, traces of architecture and all its aspects can be found in every work of both formal and folk arts. Similarly, due to its direct connection with the general public, coffee house painting is worth a search for traces of architecture in it. Therefore, the research problem started with the idea of ​​examining the architectural spaces in Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings, but later, it went beyond the limits of spaces, toward architectural concepts, components, elements and decorations. The main objective of the present research is to examine the architectural aspects (spaces, components, elements and decorations) of Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings; categorized based on painters’ generations and their painting themes. The research questions are: 1. How has the generation change of Ghahveh-Khaneh painters affected the architectural Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings? 2. How have the painting themes affected the architectural Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings? The method employed in this research is a combination of historical and descriptive methods, combined with analytical methods. Documentary studies of this research started with resources available in Astan Quds Razavi Library as well as other databases. In the first stage, regardless of the architectural aspects, 215 paintings were collected. Next, emphasis was directly put on paintings that illustrated the architecture, and 55 paintings of the first and the second-generation painters with various themes were selected from among them accordingly. The independent research variables include architectural concepts (shape, space, and order), components and elements (structural and architectural), and decorative elements. According to the research questions, the dependent variable is the degree of imagination in imaginative painting (Khiyali-Negari). After choosing the paintings, they were examined based on their architectural components and indicators, and the findings were later analyzed using descriptive statistics. Ghahveh-Khaneh painting is a form of folk painting that holds a special place in the contemporary art of Iran as it originates from the heart of society. This type of painting generally has religious, combat, festive, and folk themes. This form of painting dates back to the end of the Qajar era. After the constitutional revolution of Iran, which raised public awareness, more attention was paid to folklore. At the request of the people and based on the orders placed by coffee house owners, the Ghahveh-Khaneh painters recreated the epic spirit and the history of the bravery of the Iranian people in this popular environment. Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings demonstrate numerous indications to help understand architecture, especially in terms of space, geometry, function, structure, and decorations. In terms of architectural demonstration, the paintings are generally divided into three categories. The first group includes paintings the main theme of which is architecture. The second group includes paintings the theme of which is not architecture; yet, they depict detailed architectural information. The third group includes paintings that neither have architectural themes nor happen in a built environment. The connection of such paintings to architecture relies on the painter's perception and imagination of the spaces. In the present research, three important aspects of architecture, i.e. architectural concepts, components and elements (structural and architectural), and decorative elements in Ghahveh-Khaneh paintings have been investigated. The study demonstrates that the degree of imagination in the paintings of the first generation painters is lower than that of the second generation painters. On the other hand, the degree of imagination in combat paintings was higher than other themes. The authors suggest finding the reasons behind these findings as a topic for future research.

Серова, М.А.

Статья посвящена обзору произведений каслинского и кусинского художественного литья из коллекции Тульского музея изобразительных искусств. Исследование проведено с целью систематизации сведений о предметах художественного литья из чугуна из коллекции музея, выявления неточностей в названиях произведений, установления авторства. Также привлечены имеющиеся сведения о подобных произведениях в собраниях других музеев, прежде всего Екатеринбургского музея изобразительных искусств, Нижнетагильского музея изобразительных искусств, Челябинского государственного музея изобразительных искусств и Златоустовского городского краеведческого музея. В результате уточнена атрибуция 24 произведений художественного литья, что позволяет внести коррективы в фондовую документацию Тульского музея изобразительных искусств, поправки в Государственный каталог Музейного фонда РФ и использовать более полную и точную информацию о предметах в их каталогизации и экспонировании.

Iu. V. Davtian, E. V. Kryukova

The synchronic analysis of the contemporary cultural life in the Latin American communicative community shows that the art of embroidery, traditionally transmitted from generation to generation mainly by women, undergoes significant changes in terms of values. Embroidery has come to be perceived not as an applied art but as one of the fine arts as it has evolved from a simple decorative process toward the transmission of meanings, emotions, and ideas through methods of working with fabrics and threads specific to a particular nation. Since the second half of the 20th century, the «intimate» art of embroidery has become collective. It has spread beyond people’s homes to be practiced in garment workshops, hence fostering a space of communication between artisans and allowing them to work together, in unison. The public space created around embroidery gradually goes beyond workshops and begins to embrace broader sectors, encouraging numerous dialogues, namely those between seamstresses and authorities, between artisans from different workshops, from different towns, cities and countries. By exposing injustice and the denial of human rights embroidery has become an international instrument of social and political struggle. The authors of this study examine embroidery within the framework of Latin American artivism and define it as a traditional form of protest art in the region. The diachronic analysis of Latin American embroidery of the past century is instrumental in shedding new light on certain events of regional history. Thus, embroidery has become an invaluable encyclopedia of people’s heroism in their struggle against inequality and oppression.

Javier Pinto, Davide Magri, Paola Valentini et al.

A new and straightforward single-step route to decorate melamine foams with silver nanoparticles (ME/Ag) is proposed.

Louis M. T. Arts

The recent discovery of little red dots - a population of extremely compact and highly dust-reddened high redshift galaxies - by the James Webb Space Telescope presents a new challenge to the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. Their remarkably high luminosities at redshifts 5 < z < 10, appear to challenge LambdaCDM cosmology and galaxy formation models, as they imply stellar masses and star formation rates that exceed the upper limits set by these models. LRDs are currently subjects of debate as the mechanisms behind their high luminosities are not yet fully understood. LRD energy outputs are thought to be either dominated by star formation or their energy output results from the hosting of active galactic nuclei. We investigate the starburst hypothesis by attempting to replicate the stellar properties of LRDs using output data from the FLARES simulation suite. Comparative analysis of galactic properties such as galactic number density, stellar mass and star formation rate yield significant tension between simulated and observed galaxies. The FLARES simulation overestimates the number densities of galaxies with stellar masses similar to observed LRDs by several orders of magnitude. Additionally, the simulation shows an overestimation of star formation rates. These tensions suggest a potential underestimation by the FLARES model of stellar feedback mechanisms such as active galactic nuclei feedback. These results suggest that the starburst hypothesis may be insufficient to explain the observed properties of these galaxies. Instead, the AGN scenario should be further investigated by repeating the methods in this study with a hydrodynamic galaxy simulation suite that models a higher influence of AGN feedback mechanisms on stellar activity in high redshift galaxies.

Sylvie Corteel, Alexander Lazar, Anna Vanden Wyngaerd

The valley Delta square conjecture states that the symmetric function $\frac{[n-k]_q}{[n]_q}Δ_{e_{n-k}}ω(p_n)$ can be expressed as the enumerator of a certain class of decorated square paths with respect to the bistatistic (dinv,area). Inspired by recent positivity results of Corteel, Josuat-Vergès, and Vanden Wyngaerd, we study the evaluation of this enumerator at $q=-1$. By considering a cyclic group action on the decorated square paths which we call cutting and pasting, we show that $\left.\left\langle \frac{[n-k]_q}{[n]_q}Δ_{e_{n-k}}ω(p_n), h_1^n\right\rangle\right|_{q=-1}$ is $0$ whenever $n-k$ is even, and is a positive polynomial related to the Euler numbers when $n-k$ is odd. We also show that the combinatorics of this enumerator is closely connected to that of the Dyck path enumerator for $\langleΔ_{e_{n-k-1}}'e_n,h_1^n\rangle$ considered by Corteel-Josuat Vergès-Vanden Wyngaerd.

Jiraporn Kiatnarumol, Anucha Pangkesorn

The unrest in the three southern border provinces is a major problem for national security and affects people in the area, especially children. The purpose of this study was to study the influence of creative media on friendship building for children in the three southern border provinces. A sample of 10 key informants in the case study area (Yala Province) was obtained by purposive selection. Research tools included the analysis of documents and related research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using data analysis techniques to classify data by analyzing key words. The results of the conceptual study found that. - 1) Types of media can be divided into 2 kinds: print media and electronic media. 2) The benefits of media made children learn effectively, instilling friendships with children well. 3) Media affecting children in Yala province was culturally diverse, so children’s perceptions of media were not the same. There were some types of media that still had restrictions on religion and language. It can be concluded that print media is the media that children in the area are interested in and was popular, especially among Thai Muslim children who still used the Malay language and the type of music media in which the children listened to and sing Anasyid songs. Thai Buddhist children and Thai children of Chinese descent learned media similarly. Thai children of Chinese descent will have had latent learning of the Chinese language, so family is an important part of the media channel that can deliver messages to children and cultivate friendships by using appropriate media in the southern border areas for children to live happily

Riza Aulia Putra, Agus Suharjono Ekomadyo

Rumoh aceh is a Acehnese traditional house that is one of the products and artifacts of the Acehnese culture. Efforts to preserve rumoh aceh often focus on physical aspects or aspects of form that are seen directly. It is has led to the discovery of many new buildings that now adopt the architectural form of rumoh aceh without a more comprehensive elaboration and transformation process. A concerted effort is required to present rumoh aceh architecture in a modern context. Transformation is one of the methods in architectural design to be able to present new ideas that are creative and innovative. The transformation in this paper is obtained through an encoding process that employs a semiotic approach as a method for bridging the rumoh aceh architecture transformation process. The encoding process is carried out by reinterpreting the values of rumoh aceh architecture obtained from previous research. This paper aims to gain knowledge regarding the architectural design process that can present a creation that represents regional culture, in this case, to present rumoh aceh architecture in a modern context

Monica Titton

The paper uses the advent of generative AI in fashion to critically examine the tenets of con-temporary fashion design. As an exemplary case study, the work of Demna Gvasalia’s at the helm of Balenciaga is critically scrutinized and discussed as the result of the fashion industry’s ever-increasing speed and high demand of products at every price range. Within a hyper-glo-balized industry, fashion designers are forced to accelerate their design process with low pro-duction costs and high profits in mind. Given the systematic denial of fashion design understood as intentional creation by mainstream luxury fashion labels, fashion’s creative process is already heavily revolving around self-reference and copying, much like generative AI. The integration of visual literacy and academic referencing competences in fashion design education are pro-posed as strategies to break the cycle of copying and self-reference in fashion and to expand, deepen and diversify the practice of fashion design.

Gao Quanjin, Simatrang Sone, Joenurairatana Eakachat

China is a big ceramic country, and the production of ceramics has been the first in the world. With the development of the ceramic industry, there are also more and more waste materials. Such a large amount of ceramic waste is not a simple landfill that can solve the problem. Through the analysis of the current situation of solid waste in our ceramic industry, we see that the modern decoration and ceramic raw material regeneration technology to the life cycle of ceramic product design and arrangement make the resources and energy most effectively consumption configuration, so as to achieve the purpose of ceramic waste reduction, recycling, harmless, make ceramic industry production on the road of sustainable development.

Gabriella Ananta Canrath, Widyarko Widyarko, Nisrina Dewi Salsabila

The existence of Rumah Gadang is currently threatened due to the rarity of local/traditional materials and the cultural shifts within the Minangkabau people. Some of the surviving Rumah Gadang had undergone modernization in its form due to the use of modern materials such as concrete, zinc, etc. New questions arise whether the application of these modern materials can be considered sustainable for the Rumah Gadang. This study aims to compare the level of sustainability on the Rumah Gadang building material cycle before and after the modernization. This study conducted a case study of Rumah Gadang Padang Laweh, using a qualitative research approach with two data collection methods: observation and interviews. The collected data were then analyzed using the 'Green Feature' parameters, consisting of 15 assessment points. The study reveals that the building materials in the pre-modernized Rumah Gadang (25/30) show a higher sustainability value than the modernized ones (18/45).

Yasmine S. Al-Hamdani, Andrea Zen, Angelos Michaelides et al.

Hydrogen is a key player in global strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to make hydrogen a widely-used fuel, we require more efficient methods of storing it than the current standard of pressurized cylinders. An alternative method is to adsorb H$_2$ in a material and avoid the use of high pressures. Among many potential materials, layered materials such as graphene present a practical advantage as they are lightweight. However, graphene and other 2D materials typically bind H$_2$ too weakly to store it at the typical operating conditions of a hydrogen fuel cell. Modifying the material, for example by decorating graphene with adatoms, can strengthen the adsorption energy of H$_2$ molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In this work, we systematically screen alkali and alkaline earth metal decorated graphene sheets for the adsorption of hydrogen gas from first principles, and focus on the mechanisms of binding. We show that there are three mechanisms of adsorption on metal decorated graphene and each leads to distinctly different hydrogen adsorption structures. The three mechanisms can be described as weak van der Waals physisorption, metal adatom facilitated polarization, and Kubas adsorption. Among these mechanisms, we find that Kubas adsorption is easily perturbed by an external electric field, providing a way to tune H$_2$ adsorption.

Vikram Mahamiya, Juhee Dewangan, Alok Shukla et al.

Motivated by the recent successful synthesis of biphenylene structure [Science 372, (2021), 852], we have explored the sensing properties of this material towards the catechol biomolecule by performing the first-principles density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Pristine biphenylene sheet adsorbs catechol molecule with a binding energy of -0.35 eV, which can be systematically improved by decorating the transition metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Ti) at various possible sites of biphenylene. It is observed that the catechol molecule is adsorbed on Pd and Ti-decorated biphenylene sheets with strong adsorption energies of -1.00 eV and -2.54 eV, respectively. The interaction of the catechol molecule with biphenylene and metal-decorated biphenylene is due to the charge transfer from the O-2p orbitals of the catechol molecule to the C-2p orbitals of biphenylene and d-orbitals of metals in metal-decorated biphenylene, respectively. From the Bader charge calculation, we found that 0.05e amount of charge is transferred from the catechol molecule to pristine biphenylene, which gets almost double (~0.1e) for the Ti-decorated biphenylene sheet. The diffusion energy barrier for the clustering of the Pd and Ti atoms comes out to be 2.39 eV and 4.29 eV, computed by performing the climbing-image nudged elastic band calculations. We found that the catechol molecule gets desorbed from the pristine biphenylene sheet even at 100 K but remains attached to metal (Pd, Ti) decorated biphenylene sheets at room temperature by performing the ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The Ti-decorated biphenylene sheet has more sensitivity toward catechol adsorption while the Pd-decorated biphenylene sheet has a suitable recovery time at 500 K. The results suggest that the Pd and Ti-decorated biphenylene sheets are promising materials for catechol detection.

Bassma Fawzy, Amal Al Emari, Abd El-Monsef Salem Negm

The study of Islamic arts is one of the important matters, as it reflects the extent of progress and development of Islamic peoples, and what they were of civilization, and the enjoyment of progress and prosperity, and Illumination tools are among the most important tools that have accompanied man throughout the ages, and the era of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty witnessed the types And many forms of Illumination tools, as we received many of these pieces preserved in palaces and museums, it is known that the Dynasty of Muhammad Ali has been greatly affected by artistic trends that prevailed in Europe, As happened during the reign of Said and also during the era of Khedive Ismail, where he was known to be the carrier of the European Renaissance to Egypt, due to his intense influence on European culture and architecture, especially the French, where he studied in Paris engineering sciences, mathematics and nature, and upon his assumption of the throne of Egypt wanted to make Cairo a city competing with The major European capitals, especially Paris, where he wanted to make Cairo the East of Paris, these developments combined to make the lighting units a wide field of creativity in techniques, shapes and motifs These European influences were represented in the use of the Baroque and Rococo styles in forming and decorating the Illumination tools of the group under study, It is characterized by exaggeration in the decoration, and the research deals with a set of lighting tools that It dates back to the (13th AH / 19th century) Saved Hall Silver Abdeen Palace including (Lamps - candles), archaeological study of art , A descriptive study And An analytical study of Illumination tools will be done in terms of functions and shapes and a study of the raw materials from which this group was made and the methods of formation and methods of decoration and also the various decorative elements that were found on this group, whether plant or engineering or living or fictional objects in addition to artistic effects .