Hasil untuk "Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration"

Denise L. Spitzer, Anne-Sophie Jung, Sally Hargreaves

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed—and exacerbated—major health inequities around the globe including amongst many persons framed as ‘migrants whose lives are shaped by discursive legal, political, and social meanings and legal statuses that situate them within local, national, and global hierarchies. This special issue is dedicated to critical analyses of the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccinations in relation to migrants and other minorities associated with migration, and how migrant groups have been considered and neglected by national and global COVID-19 responses. Drawing from work with asylum seekers, internal and international migrants—both documented and undocumented—in countries ranging from Greece, Japan, and India to Thailand and Canada, authors in this special issue apply critical political economic, feminist, and intersectional lenses to examinations of migrants, migration, and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Andrea Calabretta, Marianna Ragone

Abstract The paper draws on the notion of State though as critically discussed by Sayad and on related concepts (nationalism at a distance, integration) to analyse how the State naturalises the division between nationals and non-nationals, building unequal social hierarchies between immigrants and natives that affect the construction of the (social and individual) identities of the migrants themselves. The paper starts with a historical contextualisation of the relations between Tunisia and Italy. First, we show how the opposite migrations that have crossed the Mediterranean have been embedded in unequal racial and symbolic hierarchies characterising Italy and Tunisia, Europe and Africa. Then, we further delve into this dynamic by exploring the identity constructions of Tunisian migrants in Italy, which are sensitive to the demands of the country of immigration (seeking to maintain a given social hierarchy within its borders) and those of the country of emigration (striving to remain connected to its emigrants to extract maximum profit from them).

Philip Reuben Covshoff

Manitoba has strategized from 2002 onwards to incorporate a free-market approach into Manitoba's Provincial Nominee Programme in order to fulfill its labour market goals. In the grand scheme of attracting new Argentinean Jewish immigrants, it was an opportunity for these people to leave their homeland that was suffering under an economic depression and a currency crisis. Both the provincial government (through the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Programme) and an ethno-cultural institution (the Jewish Federation of Winnipeg) forged a partnership that matched these immigrants with jobs and also helped integrate them into the Winnipeg Jewish community. Seventeen interviews of Argentinean Jews now living in Winnipeg explained how they had a choice of emigrating to Spain, Israel or the United States but they selected Winnipeg and they give their reasons for doing so.

Philip Reuben Covshoff

Manitoba has strategized from 2002 onwards to incorporate a free-market approach into Manitoba's Provincial Nominee Programme in order to fulfill its labour market goals. In the grand scheme of attracting new Argentinean Jewish immigrants, it was an opportunity for these people to leave their homeland that was suffering under an economic depression and a currency crisis. Both the provincial government (through the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Programme) and an ethno-cultural institution (the Jewish Federation of Winnipeg) forged a partnership that matched these immigrants with jobs and also helped integrate them into the Winnipeg Jewish community. Seventeen interviews of Argentinean Jews now living in Winnipeg explained how they had a choice of emigrating to Spain, Israel or the United States but they selected Winnipeg and they give their reasons for doing so.

Lena Näre, Dalia Abdelhady, Nahikari Irastorza

Anna Mazurkiewicz

The article examines the response of a united representation of Cold War era exiles (Assembly of Captive European Nations, ACEN) to the Moscow-inspired repatriation campaign of 1955. The article’s focus rests on the US-sponsored exile political activities carried under the aegis of the Free Europe Committee. The year 1955 serves as a particularly interesting moment when both key adversaries in the Cold War were engaged in programs using migration as a tool to advance their political goals. The issue of political exiles’ agency is signaled based on the Polish case in the context of American redefection programs and Washington’s response to the Soviet Bloc campaign to demoralize anti-communist escapees and induce their return.

Y. Nagi, H. Sender, M. Orcutt et al.

Background: The conflict in Syria has led to the displacement of 1.5 million refugees into the neighboring country of Lebanon, with a majority that have yet to return to their homeland. Syrian adolescents in the town of Bar Elias in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon have lived and grown in the face of resource-limited environments, restricted movement, and a longing for return. Resilience is manifested in the adaptation to such circumstances through close supportive relationships, social engagement, employment, and religion. There is a communal aspect to resilience that is important to the adolescent refugee experience and to the efforts supporting these communities. Methods: Fifteen one-to-one interviews and two focus groups, with a total of eighteen Syrian adolescents, were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis informed by grounded theory principles. Participants were recruited through partnering non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the area, and ethical approval was granted through UCL and the American University in Beirut (AUB). Results: Syrian adolescents highlighted supportive relationships, communal activities and spaces, memories of home, employment, and shared environments as integral elements to their personal adaptation. Methods of resilience involved social cohesion and establishing stability for one's family and close community. Adaptation to the present is intertwined with facing the consequences of displacement in this new context and maintaining aspirations for a bright future. Engaging with the environments they share and help create is an important facet of resilience and occurs through group gatherings , hobbies, and online communication. Additionally, inner strength can be derived from religious activities and empowers individual processing. Conclusion: This study illuminates the elements and mechanisms embodied in these adolescents’ communities and relationships that allow for adaptation to life in Bar Elias. These factors strengthen their approach to overcome social barriers and practice resilience. These communal aspects of the adolescents’ lives also connect to their memories of home, current environment, and future aspirations.

Madhuri Prabhakar, Zeynep Sahin Mencütek, Hamza Safouane et al.

De Capitani, Lucio

Through a reading of Amitav Ghosh’s 2004 novel The Hungry Tide, the article proposes a preliminary attempt to combine anthropology with world literature, a concept that has recently attracted significant attention from the fields of postcolonial studies and comparative literature alike. Firstly, I argue that world literature is best seen as a number of overlapping and/or divergent projects, and that it thrives if tackled through a plurality of approaches. Secondly, I suggest one possible approach to world literature, employing John Comaroff’s definition of anthropology as a discipline characterised by a few closely interrelated epistemic operations that qualify ethnographic fieldwork. Lastly, I map Comaroff’s epistemic operations onto The Hungry Tide to unpack the levels of anthropological sophistication of this novel. I advocate the revised concept of ethnographic novel that results from this reading – the idea of a novel of the ethnographic encounter – as a useful point of departure for a project of world literature.

Jaime Valenzuela Márquez

Since the conquest of America, the Spanish have used the movement of indigenous peoples to support the logistics of their expeditions. That is how many Andean Indians came to Chile. They settled and integrated, creating a migration that despite an initial uprooting, kept its diasporic conditions in generating a kind of re-ethnification of the Andean people. On the other hand, when faced with hostilities, natives with a greater consistency, the Spanish applied more radical forms of forced movement, such as kidnapping and deportation of the rebels, under a system of more or less legalized slavery. This happened, for example, with the “denaturalization” of the Mapuches of southern Chile. This paper accounts for the phenomena of forced movement, displacement, settlement and categorization of these Indian immigrants as a constitutive part of the Chilean colonial society.

Guillaume Drevon, Francis Jambon, Sonia Chardonnel et al.

Travel surveys can collect information about practices and behaviours of individual mobility. These surveys and the resulting analyses are necessary for the development and evaluation of public transport policies. Usually, these surveys use traditional methods for data collection with standard survey methods. Today, new survey protocols and data collection methods emerge thanks to the potential of new technologies. Geo-localization technologies, such as GPS, can be an interesting support for new types of so-called "assisted" surveys. However, these technologies may provide new types of challenges in the context of surveys with representative samples of the population. Furthermore, the use of location technologies requires modifying significantly the survey protocols. To identify the potential benefit of geo-localization technologies for travel surveys, we conducted a comparative study between a classic travel survey (Household Travel Survey) and a GPS assisted travel survey. This comparative evaluation also allowed us to identify the main technological and methodological limitations of GPS assisted travel surveys.

Nataša Rogelja

Besedilo na podlagi etnografske raziskave o ženskih delovnih migracijah med istrskim zaledjem in obalnim imesti v prvi polovici 20. stoletja osvetljuje uporabo biografske metode. Predstavlja specifični metodološki pristop ob raziskovanju Šavrink, razloge za uporabo tovrstnega metodološkega prijema kot tudi širši zgodovinski kontekst uporabe biografske metode v antropologiji. V ospredju članka so spoj raziskovalne teme in metodologije kakor tudi preplet sedanjosti in preteklosti. Vsi poudarki so ključni pri osvetljevanju nedokumentiranih ali z umetniškim posegom interpretiranih življenj preprodajalk z jajci kot tudi odmev sedanjosti, v kateri so prav ženske migrantke odigrale ključno vlogo v procesu oblikovanja dediščine obravnavanega območja.

VV. AA.

Henrik Emilsson

In 2008, the Swedish government liberalised the labour migration policy to a demand driven model without labour market tests. This article analyses the effects of the policy change on the labour migration inflow. The migrants consist of three major categories including those moving to: skilled jobs as computer specialists and engineers, low-skilled jobs in the private service sector and seasonal work in the berry picking industry. The article shows that the new model has produced a labour migration inflow that is better explained by the access of employers and migrants to transnational networks rather than actual demand for labour

Špela Kalčić

In the last two decades, West Africa with its Atlantic coast, the Sahara and various other remote places has become a haven for many people from the Global North, who have adopted mobility as a way of life. Most of them are so-called “housetruckers”, i.e. people travelling and at least temporarily living in cars, jeeps, vans, caravans, buses or trucks converted into mobile homes. They represent a highly diversified group that is sometimes hard to put into any conventional mobility category and deserves more academic attention. The aim of this article is to present the variety of this phenomenon and most of all to call attention to the appearance of a new, largely disregarded and undocumented researchable entity within it, i.e. peripatetic housetruckers, which calls for new theoretical reflection within mobility studies.

Damir Josipovič

Avtor v članku razpravlja o prisotnosti Slovencev na »avstro-ogrskem« območju nekdanje SFRJ s pomočjo koncepta politično motiviranega naseljevanja na za večnacionalne države strateško pomembna območja. Poleg komparativne analize popisnih metodologij, ki so zbirale razne jezikovne in etnične pri- padnosti v obdobju od prvih modernih popisov sredi 19. stoletja do danes, avtor sistematično naslavlja vprašanje kvantitativne in statistične prisotnosti Slovencev na območjih, katerih teritorialne naslednice so federalne enote nekdanje Jugoslavije. Glavna skupina ugotovitev se osredinja na instrumentalizacijo etničnosti kot ključnega evidentiranega dejavnika planskih migracij s strani državnih centrov večnacionalnih držav (npr. Avstro-Ogrska, nekdanja SFRJ). Prispevek na podlagi analiz podatkov trdi, da se je motiviranost prebivalstva pripadati slovenski etniciteti bodisi skozi nominalno govorjeni jezik bodisi skozi izrecno etnično pripadnost ustvarjala in poustvarjala neodvisno od realnih migracijskih tokov.

Paul Allatson

The second issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies for 2007 is a special issue with the title Contesting Euro Visions, guest edited by Dimitris Eleftheriotis (University of Glasgow), Murray Pratt (University of Technology Sydney) and Ilaria Vanni, (University of Technology Sydney). As the editors’ opening essay emphasises, this issue is not concerned to perpetuate myths of a Europe united or federated, or even cohered by shared values. Rather, it aims to reclaim something of the conceptual, transcultural and locational uncertainties encoded in the foundation myth of Europe’s origins: Europa’s seduction and abduction by Zeus, disguised as a white bull. As the editors argue, this myth is marked by the physical elusiveness of Europe’s actual location (Homer’s Europa being, for example, Phoenician, in what is now Syria), and also complicated by centuries of amendments and revisions. Thus, by approaching contemporary Europe through the prism of a mutating and unanchored foundational fiction, the editors argue that that fiction ‘can be used to understand how in Europe particular local histories and local knowledge intersect with global issues, and conversely how what appears to be “European” is, in fact, the result of global encounters. Narratives of European values need to be located in this striated space, while friction as an organising metaphor also explains the slippage and relation between the lived, heterogeneous embodiments of contemporary Europe and abstract notions of values.’ The other essays gathered in this special issue endorse this notion of a striated Europe, a shifting space best regarded as a space of friction. I would like to thank all of the authors included in this special issue for their patience, and their support for the Contesting Euro Visions ideal that frames the issue. I would also like to take the opportunity to announce a call for papers for the July 2008 issue of PORTAL, entitled ‘Italian Cultures: Writing Italian Cultural Studies in the World.’ Full details follow, in both English and Italian, and can be found on the journal’s homepage. Paul Allatson, Chair, PORTAL Editorial Committee Call for Papers ‘Italian Cultures: Writing Italian Cultural Studies in the World.’ PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies is seeking articles for a special issue on Italian cultural studies. It aims at updating existing scholarship and scoping the proliferation of interests in this growing field. It recognizes that cultural studies practitioners write multiple Italies within Italy itself and from provincialized Italies, with a perspective that is both global and informed by specific local knowledge. In particular we seek articles that map how processes of social change and identification are negotiated, imagined, explored and contested in relation to the following (but not exclusively) themes: • Belonging • Body • Cinema • Consumption • Design • Digital cultures • Everyday • Fashion • Food • Language • Media (new and old) • New writing • Place • Sport • Visual cultures Portal has built into its editorial protocols a commitment to facilitating dialogue between international studies practitioners working anywhere in the world, and not simply or exclusively in the ‘North,’ ‘the West’ or the ‘First World.’ The journal’s commitment to fashioning a genuinely ‘international' studies rubric is also reflected in our willingness to publish critical and creative work in English as well as in a number of other languages: Bahasa Indonesia, Chinese, Croatian, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Serbian, and Spanish. Portal provides open access to all of it content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. If are interested in submitting a paper please read the Author’s guidelines and information about the submission process Portal’s homepage, http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/portal. Deadline: 1 March 2008. For further information, please contact Dr Ilaria Vanni: Ilaria.Vanni@uts.edu.au Portal, Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, numero speciale: ‘Italian cultures: writing Italian cultural studies in the world’. Portal, Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies sta raccogliendo articoli per un numero speciale sugli studi culturali che trattino tematiche legate all’Italia con lo scopo di aggiornare la ricerca esistente e produrre una mappatura della proliferazione di interesse in quest’area in espansione. Portal riconosce che una molteplicità di Italie viene generata dai ricercatori che lavorano nell’ambito di cultural studies all’incontro di prospettive globali e saperi locali, sia come panorama interno all’Italia sia come provincializzazioni dell’Italia. In particolare questo numero è interessato (ma non limitato) a testi sulle seguenti tematiche: • Cibo • Cinema • Consumi • Corpi • Culture visive • Design • Culture digitali • Lingua • Luoghi • Media (vecchi e nuovi) • Moda • Processi di appartenenza • Quotidianità • Scrittura creativa • Sport Portal include nei suoi protocolli editoriali l’impegno a facilitare il dialogo tra studiosi e studiose di studi internazionali che lavorano in qualsiasi parte del mondo, e non solo nel ‘nord’, nell’ ‘ovest’ o nel ‘primo mondo’. L’impegno della rivista a creare un clima genuinamente ‘internazionale’ si ritrova anche nella decisione di pubblicare testi critici e creativi non solo in inglese ma anche in bahasa Indonesia, cinese, croato, francese, giapponese, italiano, serbo, spagnolo e tedesco. Portal garantisce libero accesso a tutti i testi pubblicati sostenendo così la libera circolazione, creazione e lo scambio di saperi. Le avvertenze per gli autori sono pubblicate nel sito della rivista http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ojs/index.php/portal. La scadenza per la presentazione dei testi è il 1 marzo 2008. Per ulteriori informazioni si prega di contattare Dr Ilaria Vanni: Ilaria.Vanni@uts.edu.au

Göran Rystad

International migration must be understood as a permanent phenomenon rather than as a temporary movement. In this article, the author proceeds from the premise that in appreciating the relation between the past and the present, we may be able to draw on “lessons of the past” to modify our definition and perception of current problems and to analyze possible policies and decisions. The article is divided into several sections, historical changes within migration patterns including different categories of migrants, various phases within the migration process in recent history, theoretical considerations in analysis, distinct types of immigration policies pursued by various states, and current and possible future trends.

Carlos C. Almeida

Norman G. Owen