Hasil untuk "Capital. Capital investments"

V. Ivashina, D. Scharfstein

P. Buckley, L. Jérémy, Clegg et al.

Ross Levine, Ross Levine

B. Bernanke, M. Gertler, M. Gertler et al.

M. Porter, Victor A. Millar

Frank Smets, Raf Wouters

Bengt R. Holmstrom, J. Tirole

Eduardo S. Schwartz, A. Dixit, R. Pindyck

Steven M. Fazzari, R. Hubbard, Bruce C. Petersen et al.

A. Shleifer, A. Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny et al.

P. Narayan

M. Obstfeld, Kenneth Rogoff

Phhilippe Jorion

G. Psacharopoulos, Harry Anthony Patrinos *

Returns to investment in education based on human capital theory have been estimated since the late 1950s. In the 40‐plus year history of estimates of returns to investment in education, there have been several reviews of the empirical results in attempts to establish patterns. Many more estimates from a wide variety of countries, including over‐time evidence, and estimates based on new econometric techniques, reaffirm the importance of human capital theory. This paper reviews and presents the latest estimates and patterns as found in the literature at the turn of the century. However, because the availability of rate of return estimates has grown exponentially, we include a new section on the need for selectivity in comparing returns to investment in education and establishing related patterns.

David T. Coe, E. Helpman, E. Helpman

Investment in research and development (R&D) affects a country's total factor productivity. Recently new theories of economic growth have emphasized this link and have also identified a number of channels through which a country's R&D affects total factor productivity of its trade partners. Following these theoretical developments we estimate the effects of a country's R&D capital stock and the R&D capital stocks of its trade partners on the country's total factor productivity. We find large effects of both domestic and foreign R&D capital stocks on total factor productivity. The foreign R&D capital stocks have particularly large effects on the smaller countries in our sample (that consists of 22 countries). Moreover, we find that about one quarter of the worldwide benefits of investment in R&D in the seven largest economies are appropriated by their trade partners.

A. Tukker

Patricia M. Dechow

G. Bekaert, Campbell R. Harvey, Campbell R. Harvey

N. M. Mezhevich, A. D. Khlutkov, V. V. Shimov

National projects are a modern way of implementing strategic objectives of social and state development. This approach may be considered new, but the objectives of developing (restor ing) the national economy should be considered traditional.At the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation, 19 new national projects were launched in 2025. They cover virtually all areas, including strategic transportation. Implementation of these plans should improve the quality of life for Russians and elevate many industries to new heights. (Presidential Decree No. 309 of May 7, 2024).A distinctive feature of national projects is that they are not confined to a single industry, but rather represent complex projects that intersect not only with internal but also with external challenges. All three areas of the national projects — “Human Capital”, “Comfortable Living Environment”, and “Economic Growth” — have a clear transport dimension.Railways and their restoration and construction are a prerequisite for any progressive de velopment. In turn, the development of the state and society presupposes clear goal-setting.Railways are a relatively expensive element of a state's economic infrastructure, capable of outliving the state in which they are built. On the other hand, investments in infrastructure help stabilize development for decades to come.

A. Dixit, R. Pindyck