This article presents a substantiation of methods for assessing the impact of anthropogenic noise pollution for land taxation. Statistical analyses have been carried out in order to establish the dependence of the market value of land plots for residential development in St. Petersburg on noise pollution caused by transport infrastructure facilities. The obtained data allowed us to conclude that in the modern conditions of the imperfect market, the considered factor is externalized. When finding the dependence, it can be included in the economic–mathematical model of cadastral value determination as an internal factor of the market, thus ensuring the principle of fairness of taxation. The lack of market reaction dictates the need to internalize negative environmental externalities through state regulation of land redistribution or redistribution of the tax burden between land rightholders and rightholders of objects that create noise.
Thomas Gruber, Jonas Ågren, Detlef Angermann
et al.
Coastal sea level is observed at tide gauge stations, which usually also serve as height reference stations for national networks. One of the main issues with using tide gauge data for sea level research is that only a few stations are connected to permanent GNSS stations needed to correct for vertical land motion. As a new observation technique, absolute positioning by SAR using off the shelf active radar transponders can be installed instead. SAR data for the year 2020 are collected at 12 stations in the Baltic Sea area, which are co-located to tide gauges or permanent GNSS stations. From the SAR data, 3D coordinates are estimated and jointly analyzed with GNSS data, tide gauge records and regional geoid height estimates. The obtained results are promising but also exhibit some problems related to the electronic transponders and their performance. At co-located GNSS stations, the estimated ellipsoidal heights agree in a range between about 2 and 50 cm for both observation systems. From the results, it can be identified that, most likely, variable systematic electronic instrument delays are the main reason, and that each transponder instrument needs to be calibrated individually. Nevertheless, the project provides a valuable data set, which offers the possibility of enhancing methods and procedures in order to develop a geodetic SAR positioning technique towards operability.
There is a growing demand for cheap and fast cadastral mapping methods to face the challenge of 70% global unregistered land rights. As traditional on-site field surveying is time-consuming and labor intensive, imagery-based cadastral mapping has in recent years been advocated by fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration. However, owing to the semantic gap between the high-level cadastral boundary concept and low-level visual cues in the imagery, improving the accuracy of automatic boundary delineation remains a major challenge. In this research, we use imageries acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to explore the potential of deep Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) for cadastral boundary detection in urban and semi-urban areas. We test the performance of FCNs against other state-of-the-art techniques, including Multi-Resolution Segmentation (MRS) and Globalized Probability of Boundary (gPb) in two case study sites in Rwanda. Experimental results show that FCNs outperformed MRS and gPb in both study areas and achieved an average accuracy of 0.79 in precision, 0.37 in recall and 0.50 in F-score. In conclusion, FCNs are able to effectively extract cadastral boundaries, especially when a large proportion of cadastral boundaries are visible. This automated method could minimize manual digitization and reduce field work, thus facilitating the current cadastral mapping and updating practices.
Jelena Kilić Pamuković, Katarina Rogulj, Nikša Jajac
Cadastral parcels valuation is a very important aspect when defining the priorities for the selection of newly formed parcels in the reallocation processes. Land reallocation involves a new redistribution of land parcels in the project implementation area. In doing so, it is necessary to take into account the preferences of private owners, the value of cadastral parcels, and their bonitet values, whose determination is the basic task of this research. The main goal is to propose a model to assess the bonitet of private cadastral parcels based on Expert System (ES) of fuzzy logic within the knowledge component, which would reduce uncertainty and increase the objectivity of the evaluation. Expert knowledge is included in the evaluation process by defining weighting coefficients for optimizing the rule base, and linear and nonlinear value functions for criteria standardizing. By applying the newly formed ES in the bonitet assessment, with the created base of expert knowledge, the processes of estimating attribute values have been improved, especially in the form of reducing uncertainty in the assessment of urban land parcels, as well as increasing objectivity by involving a group of experts in the model creation. The proposed model also provides equal access to all stakeholders in the process of urban renewal with different requirements and desires. The model also provides support in conducting the negotiation procedures and planning of land reallocation implementation. The proposed model was tested on the field of the construction of the Campus of University of Split.
<p>The interest in and use of 3D models in built environments is rapidly increasing, and they are now a key component of decision-making in areas including climate change mitigation (e.g., calculating solar panel potential, flood modelling, modelling housing age for retrofitting of thermal insulation), urban planning and cadastral systems (modelling rights, restrictions and responsibilities in complex buildings, streamlining the process to issue planning permits, design of existing or new developments) and infrastructure (construction, transport, utility management and modelling, asset management). 3D models are also an integrator for the data underpinning smart cities – knowing where a sensor is in 3D space allows the data to be integrated with the surrounding context – for example, noise data could be integrated with traffic information. Reflecting this interest, national mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCA) including Ordnance Survey (GB) are now increasingly generating 3D mapping at national scale, and there is extensive research as to how this data can be integrated with another emerging source of 3D models such as building information modelling (BIM).</p><p>These trends were evident during the 3rd BIM/GIS Integration Workshop and 15th 3DGeoInfo 2020 events, which were co-hosted by University College London and Ordnance Survey (GB) in September 2020. The workshop and conference brought together international researchers from academia, industry, government and national mapping and cadastral agencies in the field of 3D geoinformation, in an interdisciplinary gathering of researchers in the fields of data collection, data management, data quality, data analysis, advanced modelling approaches, applications, users, visualisation, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and many more.</p><p>This year’s theme was Users and Use Cases. The workshop and conference covered a wide range of topics including 3D data acquisition and processing, 3D city modelling and related standards, visualisation and dissemination of 3D data, augmented and virtual reality, 3D and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning. Three sessions of the BIM/GIS Integration Workshop were dedicated to Applications of BIM/GIS Integration, and an entire day of 3DGeoInfo 2020 to Users and Use Cases within 3DGeoInfo. Additionally, two sessions were specifically aimed at NMCA participants.</p><p>Although initially intended to be a face-to-face event in London, the team rapidly adjusted to the emerging COVID-19 situation, identifying an online solution that facilitated and encouraged participant interaction. This meant that the events could still provide a platform for learning, discussion, and exchange of ideas that they have been able to in previous years, as well as providing opportunities to promote international collaboration in these topics. This special issue of the ISPRS International Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences contains 22 papers selected by double-blind peer review carried out by a minimum of three reviewers. It includes research on topics including data modelling, indoor 3D, standards (IndoorML, CityGML, CityJSON), cadastral systems, pedestrian navigation, infrastructure, visualisation, point cloud management, data interoperability, data quality, generating national 3D datasets and planning/permit processes amongst others.</p>
Emmanuel Nyandwi, Mila Koeva, Divyani Kohli
et al.
The objective to fast-track the mapping and registration of large numbers of unrecorded land rights globally has led to the experimental application of Artificial Intelligence in the domain of land administration, and specifically the application of automated visual cognition techniques for cadastral mapping tasks. In this research, we applied and compared the ability of rule-based systems within Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA), as opposed to human analysis, to extract visible cadastral boundaries from very high-resolution World View-2 images, in both rural and urban settings. From our experiments, machine-based techniques were able to automatically delineate a good proportion of rural parcels with explicit polygons where the correctness of the automatically extracted boundaries was 47.4% against 74.24% for humans and the completeness of 45% for the machine compared to 70.4% for humans. On the contrary, in the urban area, automatic results were counterintuitive: even though urban plots and buildings are clearly marked with visible features such as fences, roads and tacitly perceptible to eyes, automation resulted in geometrically and topologically poorly structured data. Thus, these could neither be geometrically compared with human digitisation, nor actual cadastral data from the field. The results of this study provide an updated snapshot with regards to the performance of contemporary machine-driven feature extraction techniques compared to conventional manual digitising. In our methodology, using an iterative approach of segmentation and classification, we demonstrated how to overcome the weaknesses of having undesirable segments due to intra-parcel and inter-parcel variability, when using segmentation approaches for cadastral feature delineation. We also demonstrated how we can easily implement a geometric comparison framework within the Esri’s ArcGIS software environment and firmly believe the developed methodology can be reproduced.
Il fondo Michetti dell'Aerofototeca Nazionale prende il nome dal noto pittore abruzzese Francesco Paolo Michetti (1851-1929), attivo nel periodo postunitario. Artista di ingegno, è conosciuto per opere come Il voto (1883), La figlia di Jorio (1895), Le serpi (1900) e Gli storpi (1900), solo per citarne alcune. Michetti fu anche fotografo prolifico e il suo archivio fu oggetto delle ricerche, tra la fine degli anni Sessanta e la prima metí degli anni Settanta, della storica dell'arte Marina Miraglia (1938-2016). Fu proprio in occasione di tali ricerche che venne notato il fondo in questione nella residenza dell'artista, il Convento di Francavilla al Mare.
La riproduzione del fondo, eseguita dall'Aerofototeca nel 1967, costituisce
un prezioso frammento dell'archivio originale, smembrato nel 1985.
Si tratta di 80 scatti eseguiti tra il 1915 e il 1920 ca., tutti accumunati
da soggetti aeronautici (i dirigibili P, P4, P5, P7, P8, M, M1, M9,
M12, M13, M14, V1, V2; hangar e campi d'aviazione di Campalto,
Ciampino, Ferrara, Pescara, Spilimbergo, Vigna di Valle; particolari relativi ad equipaggiamento militare; riprese dall'alto di Asiago, Francavilla al Mare, Milano, Padova, Pavia, Pola, Roma, Torino, Verona e Venezia, Vigna di Valle).
The coordinate basis for the implementation of land management works is the State Geodetic Reference System of the USC-2000 coordinates. However, as practice of land management shows, public information from the State Land Cadastre is reflected in the coordinate system of 1963 (SC-63). In this case, in most cases, the recalculation of areas between the above-mentioned coordinate systems leads to a change in the area of land . Therefore, it is important to highlight some issues regarding the use of the USC-2000 coordinate system with the current land laws that may arise when used in conjunction with the SC63, namely the possible excess of the rules for free remittance. land plots to citizens in the transition to a single state coordinate system. To investigate such distortions, the authors designed three model land plots in the coordinate system SC-63 in the maximum allowable area in accordance with the norms of free transfer for the maintenance of personal from the eagle economy (2,0000 ha) for the construction and maintenance of a residential building, commercial buildings and structures (private plot) in villages (0,2500 hectares) and for gardening respectively (0,1200 hectares).Subsequently, using the standard features of the licensed Digitals software , the coordinates of each plot of land from the SC-63 system in the USC-2000 were recalculated within the three selected administrative units . For the purpose of visual representation, the coordinates of the first point of the listed land plots in USC-2000 were given the coordinates of the first point of land in the system SC-63 . Changes or distortions in squares, lines or angles are obvious when moving from one coordinate system to another if they are based on ellipsoid referents with different parameters. However, it should be noted that the compliance of the USC-2000 with the land legislation, and in particular the excess of the area of established norms for the free transfer of land plots to citizens in modern conditions in the transition to a legally established single frame of reference USC-2000, requires further consideration and resolution, for example, by clarification legislation .
The article deals with the current issues of cadastral valuation reliability on the example of Tambov region. The authors consider the genesis of development of cadastral valuation institute and the related matters. The problems of cadastral valuation result from the imbalance of the taxation system because property and land taxes are a few real local taxes. That is why local authorities solve the problem of the development of the local tax base by means of systematic overestimating cadastral value. In article analyses certain problems of cadastral valuation, such as procedural aspects and statistics of contesting cadastral valuation, accounting and singling out of a value added tax in the fnal result of valuation along with the arising conflicts of interest between the regional and federal authorities.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are increasingly investigated with regard to their potential to create and update (cadastral) maps. UAVs provide a flexible and low-cost platform for high-resolution data, from which object outlines can be accurately delineated. This delineation could be automated with image analysis methods to improve existing mapping procedures that are cost, time and labor intensive and of little reproducibility. This study investigates a superpixel approach, namely simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC), in terms of its applicability to UAV data. The approach is investigated in terms of its applicability to high-resolution UAV orthoimages and in terms of its ability to delineate object outlines of roads and roofs. Results show that the approach is applicable to UAV orthoimages of 0.05 m GSD and extents of 100 million and 400 million pixels. Further, the approach delineates the objects with the high accuracy provided by the UAV orthoimages at completeness rates of up to 64 %. The approach is not suitable as a standalone approach for object delineation. However, it shows high potential for a combination with further methods that delineate objects at higher correctness rates in exchange of a lower localization quality. This study provides a basis for future work that will focus on the incorporation of multiple methods for an interactive, comprehensive and accurate object delineation from UAV data. This aims to support numerous application fields such as topographic and cadastral mapping.
Alberto Conte, Maria Paola Bonofiglio, Laura Petriglia
The Italian National Geoportal as a supporting infrastructure
for emergencies.
The recent seismic events in the Italian territory have revived the importance of spatial information easily and quickly on the affected areas, targeted initially to the timeliness and effectiveness of the rescues. As often happens, in emergency situations, the difficulties encountered highlight the gaps existing due to an amount of data produced by different institutions often
not readily integrated with each another. The Italian National Geoportal is the hub to concentrate the access to all geospatial information.
Marianna Ronconi, Alice Pasquinelli, Anna Privitera
et al.
Many software made in the USA for analyzing big territorial risks use Post
Code (P.C.) as a geographical reference.
However, if those software are used in Italy, the purpose of the Post Code as
territorial reference results unsuitable. In fact, in Italy the P.C. was created to facilitate the processes of mail delivery. It is made up of a five numbers code and the level of information contained decreases the deeper the code is analyzed and the more their territorial continuity fails. Moreover, at times a single Post Code refers to multiple towns, at others a single town can be divided in various P.C.
This article shows some examples on how the Post Code can not be used in
Italy for analyze territorial distribution of natural disasters.
In the summer of 2014, concurrently with the 150th anniversary celebrations of the first ascent of the Barre des Écrins, the Union Nationale des Géomètre Experts (UNGE) with his partners Geotopo and Geomesure organized an expedition
to the Massif des Écrins to make precise GPS measurements of its three summits. The expedition turned out to be an adventure and provided scientists with the first ever centimeter-level measurement of the Barre.
The article highlights the research results of the Polish experience of forming economic and legal mechanism for protection and sustainable use of soil. The features of legislative regulation of economic incentives mechanism for soil fertility reproduction in Poland through compliance with the relevant requirements of rational farming under appropriate actions are defined. The possibility and feasibility of using project‐package approach during the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of soil fertility reproduction in Ukraine.
Possible scenarios of post-earthquake, should be outlined in advance, planned for time, declining, on the one hand the time and resources involved, elements of strategic planning and to the other side ways and actions, elements of structural and operational planning, trying to derived from the experience gained, strategies and guiding principles, which are not to be reinvented in every event, but that fit from time to time, to the peculiarities of the territory affected. This could help predict the pattern of strategic actions and priorities to
protect against future events.
In this context it has been analyzed the disaster suffered by the city of Foligno, one of the areas most affected by the earthquake in 1997.
After more than 15 years after the event, thanks to the data available today, is possible to understand with greater completeness the results in the area. In this perspective, the cataloging of data within a geodatabase, allowed to contain in one structure, different information, suggesting new and different analyzes. The survey conducted using the G.I.S. as a tool, it has enabled us to open up new scenarios, preparatory to starting a real policy of prevention of seismic risk.