The aim was a comparative analysis of key characteristics of educational system governance, funding models, quality assurance approaches, language policy, inclusive education, and adult education in Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The methodology involved comparative analysis based on a qualitative study of national educational strategies, academic sources, and reports by international organisations. It was found that Albania and Montenegro followed a centralised model of education governance, whereas North Macedonia implemented a decentralised approach with active involvement of municipalities. Funding features analysis revealed that in all countries, basic funding came from the state budget, but different models of fund allocation were used – block grants, local contributions, and involvement in international projects. North Macedonia showed the greatest openness to multiculturalism, while Albania remained monoethnic in its teaching approach. The study demonstrated that although the Western Balkan countries moved towards European education standards, they remained committed to their own sociocultural traditions.
Venera Anarbekova, Gulzhamal Toktogulova, Tolkun Aitalieva
This study examines how the minor epics of the Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, and Uzbek peoples of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reflect and preserve their ethno-cultural identity. The objective was to identify the role of these epics in transmitting moral values, social norms, and collective memory during periods of political and cultural transformation in Central Asia. The research applied a comparative, semantic, anthropological, and linguistic analysis of nine representative epics: Semetey, Seytek, and Kurmanbek (Kyrgyz); Alpamys, Masymkhan, and Yedige (Karakalpak); and Alpomish, Gurugli, and Yadgar (Uzbek). Both written and oral sources were examined to reveal common symbolic motifs and distinctive features of each tradition. The findings demonstrate that these epics served as powerful repositories of ethnic consciousness, moral instruction, and historical memory. Their narratives convey ideals of heroism, justice, and unity, while symbols such as nature, family, and ancestry embody deep cultural meanings that strengthened the spiritual connection between people and homeland. Despite external influences and social upheavals, the continuity of oral performance by manaschi and bakhshi ensured the preservation of these traditions and their relevance to later generations. The originality of this research lies in its integrated, cross-cultural approach to the lesser-studied minor epics of Central Asia, revealing how artistic form and oral transmission functioned as mechanisms for sustaining cultural resilience and national identity across Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, and Uzbek societies.
L'articolo esamina il declino delle iscrizioni della sfera religiosa nell'Africa Proconsolare durante il dominato di Costantino, soffermandosi sui risvolti sociali e ideologici, sull'impatto della pressione fiscale nella produzione epigrafica e sulla possibile correlazione con i vescovati vicini alle città.
The main objective of the study was to analyze the historical evolution of administrative law in Jordan from 1970 to the present. The research methodology involved the use of historical analysis and hermeneutics method. The historical analysis revealed significant developments in the development of administrative law in Jordan from 1970 to the present. In particular, the period from 1970 to 2000 was broadly characterized by intense reforms aimed at modernizing public administration and legislation to promote social justice and economic growth. With the advent of digital technologies, from 2000 to 2024 there was a significant impact of artificial intelligence on administrative processes, generating new opportunities to optimize public management and improve the quality of services provided to citizens. In the global context, administrative law has also gone through a difficult path of adaptation to new challenges such as globalization and rapid technological change. It is concluded that, through constant adaptation and dialectical innovation, administrative law continues to provide effective and fair governance that meets the needs of modern society.
Islamic floral patterns warrant further research and analysis as they are an important aspect of the cultural heritage of Islamic patterns. These floral patterns are aesthetically inspired by flowers, leaves, vines, and stems and feature characteristics such as symmetry, interlacing, and pattern repetition. This study analysed a five-pointed rose pattern (peony flower) and its elements, such as the curved lines that make up the leaves and flowers. A new floral pattern featuring a botanical motif and curved lines was designed and distributed using kite and dart tiling. The floral pattern was designed using the pentagram reflection of the Penrose tiling method to suit modern design requirements of looking like a Shamsah. The results of the floral ornament and newly designed patterns were then reviewed in order to facilitate the generation of new patterns accurately and quickly through computer design software. Thus, the problem of time and effort in designing Islamic floral patterns was solved. This study also provides suggestions for future studies on Islamic floral patterns.
The author of the book under review is the famous Slavic researcher Vasily Georgiyevich Shchukin (Krakow, Poland), whose works occupy a leading place in the development of the «estate» and «city» myths in human culture. The new monograph is a detailed and multifaceted development of the mythopoetic of the city. The view of the researcher is turned on the one hand, to the typical texts of Russian literature («The Storm» by Alexander Ostrovsky, «Oblomov» by Ivan Goncharov, «Crime and Punishment» by Fyodor Dostoevsky etc.), on the other hand, to empirical spaces refracted through the prism of artistic creations («Simonovo», «the Field of the Maiden», «Maryina Roshcha», «Lefortovo» etc.). A special place in the monograph is given to the study of the real loci of modern urban space (train stations, metro, Leninsky Gory, architectural buildings). The authors of the review note that in «Gorod i mif», the scientific interests of V. G. Shchukin go beyond the field of philology, linking with cultural studies, history, philosophy and art history. For the modern world and modern science, the «humanitarian» component of the reviewed work is extremely important. The study introduces the concept of «humanitarian geography», which is important for modern culture, it makes possible not only to perceive the world as a text («the world as a text»), but also to realize the dialogic nature of the space facing a person. Summarizing the huge and multifaceted material related to the semiotics of the city, V. G. Shchukin, according to the authors, creatively resurrects the «myth of the city».
Pozdně středověká, bohatě zdobená kamenina Falkeho skupiny, vyráběná pravděpodobně v Lužici, je badateli obecně považována za luxusní zboží. Více než sto fragmentů této specifické skupiny nádob bylo nalezeno na území dnešního Lubušského vojvodství, které na přelomu pozdního středověku a raného novověku tvořilo pohraniční oblast mezi Slezskem, Lužicí, Braniborskem a Velkopolskem. Analýza nálezů z této oblasti poukazuje na jejich výrobu v několika různých dílnách, vyrábějících rovněž jejich keramické napodobeniny. Kontext analyzovaných fragmentů naznačuje, že byla používána nejen ve šlechtickém a církevním prostředí, ale znali ji také zámožní měšťané a případně bohatší obyvatelé venkova.
The sharing of information during emergencies due to natural disasters is essential to ensure timeliness in safeguarding the cultural heritage. Carta del
Rischio, a geographic information system developed by ISCR, has been engineered in the 1990's to record data on the historic buildings vulnerability and plan any preventive works. During the seismic emergency declared in 2016 in a wide territory among Latium, Abruzzo and Marche and still ongoing, it was also used to manage data about recovery, transfer and intervention on the artworks removed from the hit areas. Its use helps to clarify the origin of the goods taken from the ruins over time and to avoid accidental scattering; it
also allows the monitoring of artefacts stored in warehouses and of conservation activities within the laboratories.
Daniela Klokler, Rafael Guedes Milheira, Sibeli Aparecida Viana
O volume 31, número 1 de 2018 da Revista de Arqueologia da Sociedade de Arqueologia Brasileira, brinda o início de uma nova comissão editorial do periódico, que acompanha a gestão 2018-2020 da Sociedade. Brinda também o final de uma comissão editorial que merece todos os cumprimentos, composta pelos colegas Andres Zarankin, Fernanda Codevilla Soares e José Roberto Pellini. Essa comissão teve o grande mérito de elevar a Revista da SAB ao patamar mais qualificado nos últimos tempos, dando continuidade a um trabalho das gestões anteriores. Ao inserir a revista em um sistema eletrônico e ampliar consideravelmente o número de indexadores, houve um aumento significativo do fluxo de artigos e, consequentemente, um aumento considerável na qualidade das publicações.
Audronė Bliujienė, Valdas Steponaitis, Egidijus Šatavičius
et al.
The paper aims to define the structure of the population of a relatively small East Lithuanian Barrow Cemeteries culture territory and the causes that could have predetermined the emergence of the rich inter-regional warrior elite graves and their rather abrupt disÂappearance.
Il testo analizza le principali vicende politiche e istituzionali di un centro minore delle Marche, Cingoli, nel periodo compreso fra il secondo Trecento e la metà del Quattrocento. Tali vicende furono segnate dalla stabile presenza al potere di una famiglia signorile, i Cima. Il saggio intende indagare, anche attraverso la documentazione inedita, il ruolo rivestito dai Cima nelle dinamiche storiche locali e ne esamina alcuni fattori qualificanti: le funzioni politiche, le forme di legittimazione, le strategie economiche, la coesione familiare, i fattori perturbanti che condussero alla fine della signoria, la questione dell’eredità storica. Ne emerge una connotazione assai peculiare del caso in esame, che invita metodologicamente a rifuggire da modellizzazioni e postula la necessità di indirizzare la ricerca sulla multiforme concretezza delle dinamiche locali.
This essay inquires major political and institutional affairs of Cingoli, a small town in the Marche, between the 14th and 15th Centuries. The events were marked by stable presence in power of signori, the Cima. This essay inquires the role played by Cima in local context, also through original sources. The key factors were: political function, legitimateness, economic strategies, family cohesion, external factors that led to the end of signoria, the question of heritage. The feature of this case study is highly singular, so that encourage both to avoid theoretical models, and demand to approach the research into the reality of local dynamics.
In this article I discuss Kant's idea of cosmopolitanism both in its prescriptive dimension (its normative content and regulative aspirations) and also its descriptive basis (its crucial philosophical-anthropological assumptions constituting its theoretical justification). My aim is to show that the prescriptive dimension cannot be treated separately from the descriptive one for some difficulties that the latter confronts pervade the former and misinform it. I then proceed to an examination of those difficulties which I locate mainly in Kant's onto-theological commitment to some anthropological tenets of his era. I explore the implications of these tenets and show that they contribute negatively to the task of the promotion of a cosmopolitanism that respects difference and heterogeneity. I conclude with some critical suggestions pro-pounding a renegotiation of the paradigmatic certainties of Kant's cosmopolitanism in order to salvage its normative import and couch it in less onto-theological terms.
Presentamos en este artículo nuestra experiencia en el trabajo pastoral y sacramental. Se pidió este artículo a dos misioneras laiacs que "administran" una parroquia en Santiago de Pupuja (Puno), y consideramos que es una buena ocasión para liberar y expresar el don de Dios que este trabajo ha supuesto para nosotras. Queremos insistir en los signos humanos, que frecuentemente tienen cierto carácter de trascendencia, que desde su propia realidad remiten a otra realidad superior a ella misma. Visto así, cada acto de verdadera humanidad puede transformarse en signo de vida, en signo del Dios vivo, en signo Sacramental.
History of Civilization, Latin America. Spanish America
Le héros homérique forme avec son armure un tout indivisible, qui risque l'anéantissement après la mort, d'ailleurs inévitable, au cours de la bataille. Le corps du héros tombé peut être dépouillé de ses armes par l'ennemi, ce qui constitue le plus sérieux déshonneur pour le guerrier. Mais ce corps peut essuyer aussi d'autres formes de mauvais traitements : mutilations diverses (décapitation entre autres), abandon du cadavre en proie aux oiseaux et aux chiens qui s'en repaîtront. C'est que dans la guerre homérique les règles du combat et du traitement des morts ne sont pas toujours respectées, et les combattants eux-mêmes vivent dans le souci menaçant de ce qui arrivera à leur corps - c'est-à-dire à eux-mêmes - s'ils sont vaincus.