Hasil untuk "Unlocalized maps (Asian studies only)"

Waleed Abdeen, Michael Unterkalmsteiner, Krzysztof Wnuk

Background: Traceability between software artifacts enhances the value of the information those artifacts contain, but only when the links themselves are reliable. Link quality is known to depend on explicit factors such as the traced artifacts and the expertise of the practitioner who judges each connection. Other factors, however, remain largely unexplored. We contend that one of these factors is the set of auxiliary artifacts -- artifacts that are produced and/or used during the tracing process yet are neither the source nor target artifacts. Because such auxiliary artifacts can subtly steer how links are created and validated, they merit a literature survey to identify these artifacts and further investigate them. Objective: We identify and map auxiliary artifacts used in requirements tracing, which could be additional factors that affect the quality of the trace links. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study on auxiliary artifacts in requirements traceability. Results: We found 110 studies in which auxiliary artifacts are used in requirements tracing, and identified 49 auxiliary artifacts, and 13 usage scenarios. Conclusion: This study provides a systematic mapping of auxiliary artifacts in requirement tracing, including their usage, origin, type and tool support. The use of auxiliary artifacts in requirements tracing seems to be the norm, thus, these artifacts should be studied in depth to identify how they effect the quality of traced links.

Barbara Klotz, Verena Schenzinger, Michael Schwarzmann et al.

A study for the comprehensive information of current UV exposure for the area of Germany, based on the method for near real time calculation of UV Index maps used in the framework of the Austrian UV Monitoring Network, is presented. For the area of Germany about 22.000 surface UV Index maps were calculated for the year 2022 via the radiative transfer model libRadtran by incorporating daily forecast data for ozone, albedo and aerosols from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and taking into account cloud information gathered from SEVIRI data of Meteosat Second Generation in the form of a cloud modification factor. Ground-based measurements of 17 stations of the German Solar Monitoring Network were then compared to the modelled maps. For most stations the correlation coefficient between measured and modelled UV Index (UVI) is above 0.92 and the mean difference of modelled UVI to measured UVI is smaller than 0.5 UVI. The modelling of the UVI at the high mountain station Schneefernerhaus is associated with higher uncertainties (correlation coefficient 0.85 and mean UVI difference 0.6 UVI) due to the small-scale topography with spatially highly variable albedo and clouds. Moreover, case studies for specific locations with respect to cloud conditions and topography are discussed, as well as a case study of the combination of ground-based measurements and modelled UVI maps in form of spatial correction factors.

Anthony Sisti, Andrew Zullo, Roee Gutman

Death among subjects is common in observational studies evaluating the causal effects of interventions among geriatric or severely ill patients. High mortality rates complicate the comparison of the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) between interventions. This problem is often referred to as outcome "truncation" by death. A possible solution is to estimate the survivor average causal effect (SACE), an estimand that evaluates the effects of interventions among those who would have survived under both treatment assignments. However, because the SACE does not include subjects who would have died under one or both arms, it does not consider the relationship between AEs and death. We propose a Bayesian method which imputes the unobserved mortality and AE outcomes for each participant under the intervention they did not receive. Using the imputed outcomes we define a composite ordinal outcome for each patient, combining the occurrence of death and the AE in an increasing scale of severity. This allows for the comparison of the effects of the interventions on death and the AE simultaneously among the entire sample. We implement the procedure to analyze the incidence of heart failure among geriatric patients being treated for Type II diabetes with sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

Muhammad Rofiqul Islam, Abdullah Al Mehdi

Many studies have examined the connection between the intention to start a business and environmental values. However, there still needs to be more knowledge in the extant literature about how climate change campaigns influence sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to develop a theoretical framework to explain how climate change campaigns affect the intention to start a sustainable business. This interdisciplinary conceptual research model bridges the gap between climate awareness, sustainable values, and entrepreneurial intentions, offering a robust framework for understanding and fostering sustainable entrepreneurial behaviors. Our study lays the groundwork for future empirical studies and real-world interventions to advance sustainability through entrepreneurship.

Hamida Khatri

This paper delves into the distressing prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) and its deep-seated psychological ramifications, particularly among Muslim South Asian women living in diasporic communities. Despite the gravity of GBV, these women often face formidable barriers in voicing their experiences and accessing support. "Augmented Voices" emerges as a technological beacon, harnessing the potential of augmented reality (AR) to bridge the digital and physical realms through mobile devices, enhancing the visibility of these often-silenced voices. With its technological motivation firmly anchored in the convergence of AR and real-world interactions, "Augmented Voices" offers a digital platform where storytelling acts as a catalyst, bringing to the fore the experiences shared by these women. By superimposing their narratives onto physical locations via Geographic Information System (GIS) Mapping, the application "augments their voices" in the diaspora, providing a conduit for expression and solidarity. This project, currently at its developmental stage, aspires to elevate the stories of GBV victims to a level where their struggles are not just heard but felt, forging a powerful connection between the user and the narrative. It is designed to transcend the limitations of conventional storytelling, creating an "augmented" reality where voices that are often muted by societal constraints can resonate powerfully. The project underscores the urgent imperative to confront GBV, catalyzing societal transformation and fostering robust support networks for those in the margins. It is a pioneering example of how technology can become a formidable ally in the fight for social justice and the empowerment of the oppressed. Additionally, this paper delves into the AR workflow illustrating its relevance and contribution to the broader theme of site-specific AR for social justice.

Abhijit Chakraborty, Suddhasvatta Das, Kevin Gary

Machine learning and AI have been recently embraced by many companies. Machine Learning Operations, (MLOps), refers to the use of continuous software engineering processes, such as DevOps, in the deployment of machine learning models to production. Nevertheless, not all machine learning initiatives successfully transition to the production stage owing to the multitude of intricate factors involved. This article discusses the issues that exist in several components of the MLOps pipeline, namely the data manipulation pipeline, model building pipeline, and deployment pipeline. A systematic mapping study is performed to identify the challenges that arise in the MLOps system categorized by different focus areas. Using this data, realistic and applicable recommendations are offered for tools or solutions that can be used for their implementation. The main value of this work is it maps distinctive challenges in MLOps along with the recommended solutions outlined in our study. These guidelines are not specific to any particular tool and are applicable to both research and industrial settings.

Vanshika Kansal

We present a novel method for reconstructing weak lensing mass or convergence maps as a probe to study non-Gaussianities in the cosmic density field. While previous surveys have relied on a flat-sky approximation, the forthcoming stage IV survey will cover such large areas with a large field of view (FOV) to motivate mass reconstruction on the sphere. Here, we present an improved Kaiser-Squires (KS+) mass inversion method using a HEALPix pixelisation of the sphere while controlling systematic effects. As in the KS+ methodology, the convergence maps were reconstructed without noise regularisation to preserve the Information content and allow for non-Gaussain studies. The results of this new method were compared with those of the Kaiser-Squires (KS) estimator implemented on the curved sky using high-resolution realistic N-body simulations. The quality of the method was evaluated by estimating the two-point correlation functions, third- and fourth-order moments, and peak counts of the reconstructed convergence maps. The effects of masking, sampling, and noise were tested. We also examined the systematic errors introduced by the flat-sky approximation. We show that the improved Kaiser-Squires on the sphere (SKS+) method systematically improves inferred correlation errors by 10 times and provide on average a 20-30 % better maximum signal-to-noise peak estimation compared to Kaiser-Squires on the sphere (SKS). We also show that the SKS+ method is nearly unbiased and reduces errors by a factor of about 2 and 4 in the third and fourth-order moments, respectively. Finally, we show how the reconstruction of the convergence field directly on the celestial sphere eliminates the projection effects and allows the exclusion or consideration of a specific region of the sphere in the processing.

Dmitry A. Zezyulin, Alexander O. Slobodyanyuk, Georgy L. Alfimov

There are two cases when the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with an external complex potential is well-known to support continuous families of localized stationary modes: the ${\cal PT}$-symmetric potentials and the Wadati potentials. Recently Y. Kominis and coauthors [Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 118, 222-233 (2019)] have suggested that the continuous families can be also found in complex potentials of the form $W(x)=W_{1}(x)+iCW_{1,x}(x)$, where $C$ is an arbitrary real and $W_1(x)$ is a real-valued and bounded differentiable function. Here we study in detail nonlinear stationary modes that emerge in complex potentials of this type (for brevity, we call them W-dW potentials). First, we assume that the potential is small and employ asymptotic methods to construct a family of nonlinear modes. Our asymptotic procedure stops at the terms of the $\varepsilon^2$ order, where small $\varepsilon$ characterizes amplitude of the potential. We therefore conjecture that no continuous families of authentic nonlinear modes exist in this case, but "pseudo-modes" that satisfy the equation up to $\varepsilon^2$-error can indeed be found in W-dW potentials. Second, we consider the particular case of a W-dW potential well of finite depth and support our hypothesis with qualitative and numerical arguments. Third, we simulate the nonlinear dynamics of found pseudo-modes and observe that, if the amplitude of W-dW potential is small, then the pseudo-modes are robust and display persistent oscillations around a certain position predicted by the asymptotic expansion. Finally, we study the authentic stationary modes which do not form a continuous family, but exist as isolated points. Numerical simulations reveal dynamical instability of these solutions.

V. Rudenko, S. Andrusenko, D. Krichevskiy et al.

In this paper, we estimate efficiency of a conceivable Euro-Asian network of gravitational wave (GW) interferometers that might be realized having in mind a plan of construction of third generation interferometer in Novosibirsk region. Subsequently, some network would be composed, including four GW detectors. Among them there are the already active interferometers VIRGO (Italy) and KAGRA (Japan), Indian interferometer under construction - LIGO India and the interferometer in Siberia mentioned above. The quality of network in question is considered on the base of typical numerical criteria of efficiency for detecting GW signals of known structure - radiation of relativistic binary coalescence.

D. I. Borisov, D. A. Zezyulin, M. Znojil

We consider the operator $${\cal H} = {\cal H}' -\frac{\partial^2\ }{\partial x_d^2} \quad\text{on}\quadω\times\mathbb{R}$$ subject to the Dirichlet or Robin condition, where a domain $ω\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{d-1}$ is bounded or unbounded. The symbol ${\cal H}'$ stands for a second order self-adjoint differential operator on $ω$ such that the spectrum of the operator ${\cal H}'$ contains several discrete eigenvalues $Λ_{j}$, $j=1,\ldots, m$. These eigenvalues are thresholds in the essential spectrum of the operator ${\cal H}$. We study how these thresholds bifurcate once we add a small localized perturbation $ε{\cal L}(ε)$ to the operator ${\cal H}$, where $ε$ is a small positive parameter and ${\cal L}(ε)$ is an abstract, not necessarily symmetric operator. We show that these thresholds bifurcate into eigenvalues and resonances of the operator ${\cal H}$ in the vicinity of $Λ_j$ for sufficiently small $ε$. We prove effective simple conditions determining the existence of these resonances and eigenvalues and find the leading terms of their asymptotic expansions. Our analysis applies to generic non-self-adjoint perturbations and, in particular, to perturbations characterized by the parity-time ($PT$) symmetry. Potential applications of our result embrace a broad class of physical systems governed by dispersive or diffractive effects. We use our findings to develop a scheme for a controllable generation of non-Hermitian optical states with normalizable power and real part of the complex-valued propagation constant lying in the continuum. The corresponding eigenfunctions can be interpreted as an optical generalization of bound states embedded in the continuum. For a particular example, the persistence of asymptotic expansions is confirmed with direct numerical evaluation of the perturbed spectrum.

S. Pires, V. Vandenbussche, V. Kansal et al.

Weak lensing, which is the deflection of light by matter along the line of sight, has proven to be an efficient method for constraining models of structure formation and reveal the nature of dark energy. So far, most weak-lensing studies have focused on the shear field that can be measured directly from the ellipticity of background galaxies. However, within the context of forthcoming full-sky weak-lensing surveys such as Euclid, convergence maps (mass maps) offer an important advantage over shear fields in terms of cosmological exploitation. While it carry the same information, the lensing signal is more compressed in the convergence maps than in the shear field. This simplifies otherwise computationally expensive analyses, for instance, non-Gaussianity studies. However, the inversion of the non-local shear field requires accurate control of systematic effects caused by holes in the data field, field borders, shape noise, and the fact that the shear is not a direct observable (reduced shear). We present the two mass-inversion methods that are included in the official Euclid data-processing pipeline: the standard Kaiser & Squires method (KS), and a new mass-inversion method (KS+) that aims to reduce the information loss during the mass inversion. This new method is based on the KS method and includes corrections for mass-mapping systematic effects. The results of the KS+ method are compared to the original implementation of the KS method in its simplest form, using the Euclid Flagship mock galaxy catalogue. In particular, we estimate the quality of the reconstruction by comparing the two-point correlation functions and third- and fourth- order moments obtained from shear and convergence maps, and we analyse each systematic effect independently and simultaneously...

Chloe M. Park, T. Tillin, N. Chaturvedi et al.

T. S. Bastian, J. Villadsen, A. Maps et al.

As part of a wider search for radio emission from nearby systems known or suspected to contain extrasolar planets $ε$ Eridani was observed by the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in the 2-4 GHz and 4-8 GHz frequency bands. In addition, as part of a separate survey of thermal emission from solar-like stars, $ε$ Eri was observed in the 8-12 GHz and the 12-18 GHz bands of the VLA. Quasi-steady continuum radio emission from $ε$ Eri was detected in the three high-frequency bands at levels ranging from 67-83 $μ$Jy. No significant variability is seen in the quasi-steady emission. The emission in the 2-4 GHz emission, however, is shown to be the result of a circularly polarized (up to 50\%) radio pulse or flare of a few minutes duration that occurred at the beginning of the observation. We consider the astrometric position of the radio source in each frequency band relative to the expected position of the K2V star and the purported planet. The quasi-steady radio emission at frequencies $\ge \!8$ GHz is consistent with a stellar origin. The quality of the 4-8 GHz astrometry provides no meaningful constraint on the origin of the emission. The location of the 2-4 GHz radio pulse is $>2.5σ$ from the star yet, based on the ephemeris of Benedict et al. (2006), it is not consistent with the expected location of the planet either. If the radio pulse has a planetary origin, then either the planetary ephemeris is incorrect or the emission originates from another planet.

A. Rahman, A. Rahman, Claude Saegerman et al.

Antonio Aguilera Martín

A. E. Calvert, K. Dixon, M. Delorey et al.

C. Peng, Xiaohua Jin, S. Ku et al.

Hainan is the largest island of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot and has the best preserved and most extensive tropical forests in China. A recent study on distribution of endangered species in China identifies southern Hainan as one of eight hotspots for plant conservation in the country. In continuation of our studies of Asian Begonia, we report the discovery of an attractive undescribed species, B. wuzhishanensis C.-I Peng, X.H. Jin & S.M. Ku, from Hainan Island. Living plant of the new species, Begonia wuzhishanensis, was collected in 2009 and cultivated in the experimental greenhouse for morphological and cytological studies. It flowered consecutively in 2012 and 2013 in the experimental greenhouse, Academia Sinica. It was assigned to the large, heterogeneous sect. Diploclinium. The chromosome number of this new species was determined to be 2n = 26. A careful study of literature, herbarium specimens and living plants, both in the wild and in cultivation, support the recognition of the new species Begonia wuzhishanensis, which is described in this paper. Begonia wuzhishanensis is currently known only from Fanyang, Wuzhishan Mountain in the center of the island. A line drawing, color plate, and a distribution map are provided to aid in identification.

Ronald L. Bogue, H. Chiu, Yu-lin Lee

Chien-Ting J. Chen, Ryan C. Hickox

We present the results of recent studies on the co-evolution of galaxies and the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) using Herschel far-infrared and Chandra X-ray observations in the Boötes survey region. For a sample of star-forming (SF) galaxies, we find a strong correlation between galactic star formation rate and the average SMBH accretion rate in SF galaxies. Recent studies have shown that star formation and AGN accretion are only weakly correlated for individual AGN, but this may be due to the short variability timescale of AGN relative to star formation. Averaging over the full AGN population yields a strong linear correlation between accretion and star formation, consistent with a simple picture in which the growth of SMBHs and their host galaxies are closely linked over galaxy evolution time scales.

Qiuyin Qi, C. Guerra, C. Moyes et al.

BackgroundMany recent studies have examined the impact of urbanization on Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity and found a general trend of reduced transmission in urban areas. However, none has examined the effect of urbanization on Plasmodium vivax malaria, which is the most widely distributed malaria species and can also cause severe clinical syndromes in humans. In this study, a set of 10,003 community-based P. vivax parasite rate (Pv PR) surveys are used to explore the relationships between Pv PR in urban and rural settings.MethodsThe Pv PR surveys were overlaid onto a map of global urban extents to derive an urban/rural assignment. The differences in Pv PR values between urban and rural areas were then examined. Groups of Pv PR surveys inside individual city extents (urban) and surrounding areas (rural) were identified to examine the local variations in Pv PR values. Finally, the relationships of Pv PR between urban and rural areas within the ranges of 41 dominant Anopheles vectors were examined.ResultsSignificantly higher Pv PR values in rural areas were found globally. The relationship was consistent at continental scales when focusing on Africa and Asia only, but in the Americas, significantly lower values of Pv PR in rural areas were found, though the numbers of surveys were small. Moreover, except for the countries in the Americas, the same trends were found at national scales in African and Asian countries, with significantly lower values of Pv PR in urban areas. However, the patterns at city scales among 20 specific cities where sufficient data were available were less clear, with seven cities having significantly lower Pv PR values in urban areas and two cities showing significantly lower Pv PR in rural areas. The urban–rural Pv PR differences within the ranges of the dominant Anopheles vectors were generally, in agreement with the regional patterns found.ConclusionsExcept for the Americas, the patterns of significantly lower P. vivax transmission in urban areas have been found globally, regionally, nationally and by dominant vector species here, following trends observed previously for P. falciparum. To further understand these patterns, more epidemiological, entomological and parasitological analyses of the disease at smaller spatial scales are needed.