Hasil untuk "Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods"

M. Reche-Vilanova, H.B. Bingham, M. Fluck et al.

This study introduces WindWise, a cost–benefit analysis and design optimization tool for Wind Propulsion Systems (WPS) in sustainable shipping. By integrating route simulations, ship constraints, and fuel pricing scenarios, WindWise determines the optimal WPS configuration to maximize fuel savings and minimize payback periods. A retrofit case study of an oil tanker evaluates two WPS classes—DynaRigs and Rotor Sails—across multiple operational and economic conditions. Results reveal that optimal configurations vary based on constraints: in an unconstrained scenario, larger, well-spaced installations minimize aerodynamic losses, whereas realistic constraints shift the preference towards smaller, distributed setups to mitigate cargo loss and air draft penalties. Rotor Sails offer lower upfront costs and shorter payback periods for modest savings targets and for side-wind routes, while DynaRigs emerge as the more viable solution for higher emissions reductions and long-term profitability. Optimization of WPS configurations proves crucial, with non-optimized configurations exhibiting payback periods over 150% higher than optimized ones. Although payback period remains an important metric, considering both payback and net present value provides a more comprehensive assessment of WPS financial viability, with Rotor Sails generally offering faster payback but DynaRigs delivering higher long-term profitability across most scenarios.

Asanka Rajapakse, Gholam Reza Emad

Seafaring continues to be risky despite the tremendous international effort to curb maritime accidents. While onboard, seafarers, as the principal human element in the maritime industry, must face myriad physical and mental stresses and dynamic safety challenges. So far, many of these challenges have remained out of the scope of the maritime industry and research communities. Our earlier research addressed some human element-related challenges, including time constraints, fatigue and performing simultaneous tasks. This study addresses a crucial element that has yet to be adequately researched: seafarers' frustration at their workplace. It is essential because managing the high rate of maritime accidents due to task deviation and its underlying factor of frustration has been a significant challenge for the governing authorities of the maritime industry. This research constitutes a significant qualitative investigation, utilising interviews to explore an underlying factor contributing to maritime accidents. We show that workplace frustration is a significant cause of task deviation, leading to dangerous situations at sea. This paper presents four reasons for frustration at sea: physical hardship in conducting a task, social isolation, working with undesirable people, and severed expectations. Additionally, the main steps that the maritime industry can take to mitigate seafarers’ frustration at sea are recommended.

Yue Zhang, Nianjie Shang, Yanting Liu et al.

This study conducts an empirical analysis of the driving factors and development trends of China-Korea bilateral trade from the perspective of logistics, using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 for data processing and modeling. Based on annual panel data from 2013 to 2022, a multidimensional dataset of 18 core economic indicators was constructed, encompassing variables such as import and export volumes, logistics scale, enterprise expenditures, labor structure, exchange rates, and investment. To reduce dimensionality and address multicollinearity, a correlation analysis was first conducted to identify 9 key variables with strong explanatory power. Principal Component Analysis was then applied, extracting five principal components that effectively captured the underlying structure of the dataset. These components were used as independent variables in a principal component regression model to predict the China-Korea bilateral trade volume. Among them, the component representing Korea’s logistics industry scale and transportation efficiency (PC1) had the most significant positive impact on trade, highlighting the critical role of logistics in enhancing trade intensity and sustaining bilateral growth. The regression model exhibited strong goodness-of-fit and low prediction errors, through structural modeling and trend-based forecasting, this study confirms the foundational role of Korea’s logistics system in supporting bilateral trade and provides quantitative insights and policy-oriented recommendations for future China-Korea economic cooperation.

Grace LeFevre, Qingcheng Zeng, Adam Leif et al.

The social impact of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is increasingly important, with a rising community focus on initiatives related to NLP for Social Good (NLP4SG). Indeed, in recent years, almost 20% of all papers in the ACL Anthology address topics related to social good as defined by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Adauto et al., 2023). In this study, we take an author- and venue-level perspective to map the landscape of NLP4SG, quantifying the proportion of work addressing social good concerns both within and beyond the ACL community, by both core ACL contributors and non-ACL authors. With this approach we discover two surprising facts about the landscape of NLP4SG. First, ACL authors are dramatically more likely to do work addressing social good concerns when publishing in venues outside of ACL. Second, the vast majority of publications using NLP techniques to address concerns of social good are done by non-ACL authors in venues outside of ACL. We discuss the implications of these findings on agenda-setting considerations for the ACL community related to NLP4SG.

Enrico Lampetti

We construct good moduli spaces from moduli of objects in the sense of Toën-Vaquié. As an application, we construct good moduli spaces for perverse sheaves.

Ignacio Tiznado-Aitken

Margarita Krivoshapkina, Young-Seo Choi, Maria Listan Bernal et al.

Tiksi Port is a Russian seaport located on the Laptev Sea shore in the Central Arctic region and holds potential as a crucial and versatile hub for the improvement of the Eastern Arctic sector. It is one of the main ports on the Northern Sea Route and can potentially become the primary point for transporting various types of cargo. Currently, Tiksi Port is shallow and incapable of receiving large sea vessels and although it was initially equipped with handling equipment, signs of decline are visible. This study aims to identify the critical logistics elements of Tiksi Port and classify them according to their level of significance in vitalizing the logistics activities of the port for further practical use. Interpretive Structural Modelling and the Matrix of Cross Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) method was used in this study. The study findings revealed ten factors that appeared at three levels of importance. According to the analysis results, “combating oil spills” was present at Level 3, which is the first and most fundamental level to be improved. Tiksi Port officials and government ministries can use these results as a reference for development and to support the establishment of a cost-effective and agile logistics system for related companies.

Christo Morison, Małgorzata Fic, Thomas Marcou et al.

Cooperation arises in nature at every scale, from within cells to entire ecosystems. In the framework of evolutionary game theory, public goods games (PGGs) are used to analyse scenarios where individuals can cooperate or defect, and can predict when and how these behaviours emerge. However, too few examples motivate the transferal of knowledge from one application of PGGs to another. Here, we focus on PGGs arising in disease modelling of cancer evolution and the spread of infectious diseases. We use these two systems as case studies for the development of the theory and applications of PGGs, which we succinctly review and compare. We also posit that applications of evolutionary game theory to decision-making in cancer, such as interactions between a clinician and a tumour, can learn from the PGGs studied in epidemiology, where cooperative behaviours such as quarantine and vaccination compliance have been more thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, instances of cellular-level cooperation observed in cancers point to a corresponding area of potential interest for modellers of other diseases, be they viral, bacterial or otherwise. We aim to demonstrate the breadth of applicability of PGGs in disease modelling while providing a starting point for those interested in quantifying cooperation arising in healthcare.

Simon DeDeo

Practicing mathematicians often assume that mathematical claims, when they are true, have good reasons to be true. Such a state of affairs is "unreasonable", in Wigner's sense, because basic results in computational complexity suggest that there are a large number of theorems that have only exponentially-long proofs, and such proofs can not serve as good reasons for the truths of what they establish. Either mathematicians are adept at encountering only the reasonable truths, or what mathematicians take to be good reasons do not always lead to equivalently good proofs. Both resolutions raise new problems: either, how it is that we come to care about the reasonable truths before we have any inkling of how they might be proved, or why there should be good reasons, beyond those of deductive proof, for the truth of mathematical statements. Taking this dilemma seriously provides a new way to make sense of the unstable ontologies found in contemporary mathematics, and new ways to understand how non-human, but intelligent, systems might found new mathematics on inhuman "alien" lemmas.

Sarah Powell, Ann Melissa Campbell, Mojtaba Hosseini

The use of underground freight transportation (UFT) is gaining attention because of its ability to quickly move freight to locations in urban areas while reducing road traffic and the need for delivery drivers. Since packages are transported through the tunnels by electric motors, the use of tunnels is also environmentally friendly. Unlike other UFT projects, we examine the use of tunnels to transport individual orders, motivated by the last mile delivery of goods from e-commerce providers. The use of UFT for last mile delivery requires more complex network planning than for direct lines that have previously been considered for networks connecting large cities. We introduce a new network design problem based on this delivery model and transform the problem into a fixed charge multicommodity flow problem with additional constraints. We show that this problem, the nd-UFT, is NP-hard, and provide an exact solution method for solving large-scale instances. Our solution approach exploits the combinatorial sub-structures of the problem in a cutting planes fashion, significantly reducing the time to find optimal solutions on most instances compared to a MIP. We provide computational results for real urban environments to build a set of insights into the structure of such networks and evaluate the benefits of such systems. We see that a budget of only 45 miles of tunnel can remove 42% of packages off the roads in Chicago and 32% in New York City. We estimate the fixed and operational costs for implementing UFT systems and break them down into a per package cost. Our estimates indicate over a 40% savings from using a UFT over traditional delivery models. This indicates that UFT systems for last mile delivery are a promising area for future research.

Uriel Feige

We study the multi-party randomized communication complexity of computing a fair allocation of $m$ indivisible goods to $n < m$ equally entitled agents. We first consider MMS allocations, allocations that give every agent at least her maximin share. Such allocations are guaranteed to exist for simple classes of valuation functions. We consider the expected number of bits that each agent needs to transmit, on average over all agents. For unit demand valuations, we show that this number is only $O(1)$ (but $Θ(\log n)$, if one seeks EF1 allocations instead of MMS allocations), for binary additive valuations we show that it is $Θ(\log \frac{m}{n})$, and for 2-valued additive valuations we show a lower bound of $Ω(\frac{m}{n})$. For general additive valuations, MMS allocations need not exist. We consider a notion of {\em approximately proportional} (Aprop) allocations, that approximates proportional allocations in two different senses, being both Prop1 (proportional up to one item), and $\frac{n}{2n-1}$-TPS (getting at least a $\frac{n}{2n-1}$ fraction of the {\em truncated proportional share}, and hence also at least a $\frac{n}{2n-1}$ fraction of the MMS). We design randomized protocols that output Aprop allocations, in which the expected average number of bits transmitted per agent is $O(\log m)$. For the stronger notion of MXS ({\em minimum EFX share}) we show a lower bound of $Ω(\frac{m}{n})$.

Anutchanat Jaroenjitrkam, Suntichai Kotcharin, Sakkakom Maneenop

This study investigates whether airline firm characteristics moderate the negative impact of rising COVID-19 confirmed cases on airlines’ stock. 87 listed airlines in 44 countries during 2020 are examined with a panel regression. The findings indicate that airline firm size and the number of destination countries reduce the negative effect of the pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 and firm size are significant only during the early stage of the pandemic due to high uncertainty. While the impact of COVID-19 is significant in the U.S. and other regions, it is not the case in China. In addition, the pandemic has had a greater impact on low-cost airlines than on full-service airlines. The study relates the findings to the size advantages and the benefit of diversification. While mergers and acquisitions are a promising business strategy for survival, governments and regulators are necessary to balance the market power of survival and new entrants in the future.

Kenneth Løvold Rødseth, Kjetil Fagerholt, Stef Proost

While passenger-only ferries can be an effective instrument in mitigating road congestion in urban areas, they are among the most polluting modes of transportation. This paper studies technical and economic feasibilities of a battery-powered high-speed ferry service in Oslo, Norway. An urban ferry planner problem that minimizes ferry operator and passenger costs and external costs of road transport subject to strategic (fleet selection and infrastructure location), tactical (service frequency) and operational (vessel speed) decisions is proposed. While the results show that zero emission technologies can pass the cost-benefit test for a short-range service, competitiveness hinges on energy costs and capacities and on the performance of the existing service. Counterfactual scenarios show substantial cost reductions from altering the current ferry route. Anticipated increase in external costs of road transport from closing the ferry service is also much smaller than the system costs of maintaining the urban ferry connection.

Max Schrader, Navish Kumar, Nicolas Collignon et al.

Light goods vehicles (LGV) used extensively in the last mile of delivery are one of the leading polluters in cities. Cargo-bike logistics has been put forward as a high impact candidate for replacing LGVs, with experts estimating over half of urban van deliveries being replaceable by cargo bikes, due to their faster speeds, shorter parking times and more efficient routes across cities. By modelling the relative delivery performance of different vehicle types across urban micro-regions, machine learning can help operators evaluate the business and environmental impact of adding cargo-bikes to their fleets. In this paper, we introduce two datasets, and present initial progress in modelling urban delivery service time (e.g. cruising for parking, unloading, walking). Using Uber's H3 index to divide the cities into hexagonal cells, and aggregating OpenStreetMap tags for each cell, we show that urban context is a critical predictor of delivery performance.

Journal OF Development Economic And Social Studies Volume, Diterima Jdess, Fakultas Ekonomi et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in various countries affected almost all aspects of life, one of which was community activities. The existence of social restriction policies has a direct impact on the decline of economic activity, which has the opportunity to change people's consumption behavior. Consumption behavior is the activity of spending income to maximize utility. This study aims to determine changes in consumption behavior in the people of East Java during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is a classy typology model to see changes in consumption in 2019 and 2020. Then, it was analyzed using the COVID-19 risk index in each region. The results showed that the changes in consumption that occurred in East Java were influenced by the COVID-19 risk index, areas that have a high risk index tend to experience changes in consumption and vice versa. The changes in behavior that occur due to covid-19 risk factors vary in each region so that changes occur in the proportion of consumption of goods/services and changes in savings rates. This research can assist the government in taking economic recovery policies after the COVID-19 pandemic in each region by looking at the COVID-19 risk index.

P. Urbański

The e-commerce market is gaining popularity globally every year. This market also entails the need to deliver the purchased goods at a time that is affordable for the user. One of the solutions is the use of High Speed Railway (HSR) for freight purposes, which is characterized by a relatively low rate of environmental nuisance. Based on the latest available market data and a literature review, an extensive review of the use of HSR, including for cargo transport, has been performed. The article presents an analysis of the demand for express freight transport. The potential and the demand for freight HSR have been demonstrated. The activities and analysis concerning the use of HSR for freight transport were described. Rail freight transport in Poland, Europe and China are characterized. Data on the use of the HSR infrastructure in the world are presented. HSR vehicles use for the transport of goods were presented. The potential and possibilities of using freight HSR in Europe were described. Based on the data, the use of this type of transport seems justified for LDHV shipments when the delivery time is crucial for the user and when the railway infrastructure and rolling stock are properly adapted.

Marconi Mota Brasil, Matheus Perini Costa, Pedro Henrique Oliveira Nolasco

Este artigo se propõe a analisar a implantação do VTS no Brasil a partir de dois portos como referência: Porto de Vitória e o Porto do Açu. Vitória foi escolhido por ser o primeiro porto público do Brasil a implantar um VTMIS e Açu por ser o primeiro porto com VTS homologado, possuindo muitas características distintas entre si. A metodologia empregada incluiu a realização de entrevistas com profissionais de notório saber da área de referência do tema e revisão da bibliografia existente no Brasil e no mundo, a fim de conhecer as características do serviço de tráfego de embarcações no Brasil, identificar os desafios da implantação e de funcionamento e verificar os resultados esperados e alcançados, sendo uma pesquisa essencialmente qualitativa. Os resultados observados envolvem a percepção da redução de acidentes e de fatos da navegação com o VTS, contribuindo efetivamente para segurança da navegação, salvaguarda da vida humana no mar e prevenção da poluição no meio ambiente marinho. Observou-se também a utilização do VTS como ferramenta estratégica para atrair novos clientes e consolidação dos já existentes através de uma ótica de segurança. Percebeu-se que o Brasil ainda deve avançar quanto a implantação do serviço, empregando-o em áreas de maior fluxo, já que os benefícios são conhecidos. Identificou-se desafios quanto à formação de mão de obra para operadores. Por fim, verificou-se que Açu e Vitória tem servido como referência para outros portos brasileiros, recebendo diversas visitas de interessados no tema, contribuindo para expansão do serviço em território nacional.

Asbjørn Lein Aalberg, Rolf Johan Bye, Peter Risberg Ellevseth

This paper presents the results of an explorative analysis aiming to identify indicators and factors associated with navigation accidents (groundings and collisions). The analysis compares cargo vessels with at least one registered navigation accident (grounding or collision) within Norwegian waters with those that have none, in the period 2010–2019. The comparison is made using data based on automatic identification system (AIS) satellite data in combination with information from IHS Fairplay, to construct indicators that reflect different characteristics of the vessels. Hallmarks of vessels involved in navigation accidents have been identified using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The multivariate model was a strong predictor of vessels' accident involvement with 44% of the variance explained. Indicators that predicted reported navigation accidents included: (1) vessel type, (2) higher age, (3) smaller size, (4) longer distance sailed, (5) higher average speed, (6) flying Norwegian flag, (7) gray or black Tokyo MoU rating, and 8) not on US Coast Guard target list. The results are discussed relative to their potential causes as well as limits and practical applications. The study shows the promising potential of utilizing AIS data combined with various data sets to obtain knowledge on risk factors and risk indicators.

Luka Vukić, Kee-hung Lai

Abstract In the second half of 2020, the shift in consumer demand and reduction in containership capacity, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the disruption of the global supply chains, especially on the US West Coast. This article provides an environmental view of acute maritime congestion in Los Angeles and Long Beach anchorage areas aiming to calculate air emissions of anchored ships consistently in a specific month of the year and compare the dynamics of the emission levels with previous years. The findings determine the causes of the increased environmental pollution and conclude on the preservation measures improvement. CO2, SOx, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions are examined in this study, considering the statistical data on port performance, productivity and competitiveness elements, ship specifications and propulsion, and emission factors of principal pollutants. Results of our mathematical calculation showed an exponential increase of air emissions generated from ships' auxiliary engines and boilers in 2021, compared with the previous periods, reaching more than 45,000 tons of pollutants emitted in November (mainly carbon dioxide). The increased port congestion and pressure upon the environment and human health also exposed the vulnerability of the intermodal chain on the landside, manifested in higher utilization of trucking services inland, contributing to the additional growth of total emissions. The environmental degradation caused by the surge in demand for products carried by container ships coincides with increased social impacts and the requirement for investments in mitigation measures for emissions to reduce the harmful effects of shipping activities.