Preface Preface to the First Edition 1.Soil Aggregate and Classification 2.Stresses and Strains-Elastic Equilibrium 3.Stresses in a Soil Mass Two-Dimensional Problems Three-Dimensional Problems 4.Pore Water Pressure Due to Undrained Loading 5.Permeability and Seepage Permeability Seepage 6.Consolidation 7.Shear Strength of Soils 8.Evaluation of Soil Settlement Immediate Settlement Consolidation Settlement Index
Simple reliability analyses, involving neither complex theory nor unfamiliar terms, can be used in routine geotechnical engineering practice. These simple reliability analyses require little effort beyond that involved in conventional geotechnical analyses. They provide a means of evaluating the combined effects of uncertainties in the parameters involved in the calculations, and they offer a useful supplement to conventional analyses. The additional parameters needed for the reliability analyses—standard deviations of the parameters—can be evaluated using the same amount of data and types of correlations that are widely used in geotechnical engineering practice. Example applications to stability and settlement problems illustrate the simplicity and practical usefulness of the method.
Partnerships between corporations and local communities play a crucial role in promoting inclusive and sustainable development, especially in areas directly affected by industrial activities. However, the implementation of such partnerships often fails to reflect the principles of equality, transparency, and active community participation. This study is part of a community service initiative aimed at analyzing the partnership model between PT Alam Sinar and the local community in Gampingan Village, Pagak Subdistrict, Malang Regency. It also evaluates the benefits, supporting factors, and challenges of the partnership by comparing conditions before and after the program was implemented. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, including the village head, CSR representatives from the company, and community beneficiaries. The community service team acted as facilitators during the assessment process, participatory discussions, and reflection sessions involving both residents and the company. Findings indicate that the partnership is implemented through corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs focused on skills training, job creation, waste management, and the development of basic infrastructure. The benefits observed cover economic, social, and environmental aspects. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, such as limited community involvement in decision-making, suboptimal communication, and a lack of support from the district government. This study recommends strengthening community capacity, optimizing the role of village authorities, and developing a more inclusive, adaptive partnership model that responds to the actual needs of the local population.
Manuela Azevedo Carvalho, Luciana Aparecida de Miranda
A imagem corporal é constituída pela concretude material visual, mas também pela representação construída e compartilhada no imaginário social coletivo, a partir da significação sociocultural historicamente atribuída aos significantes que a compõem, como a cor da pele e os elementos que denotam gênero, numa perspectiva binária. Este texto toma o corpo como objeto, para discutir como a imagem e o imaginário social coletivo, alimentados por elaborações e representações socioculturais acerca de imagens corporais visuais e conceituais, atravessam as relações sociais de travestis e mulheres trans e de homens cis negros. Nas análises, o conceito de “imagem de controle” (Collins, 2019) foi a ferramenta teórico-metodológica fundamental para compreender como são atribuídas, a suas imagens visuais corporais e a suas representações, significações socioculturais, que remetem esses sujeitos a posições subalternas e, por vezes, à abjeção, legando-os a estereótipos negativos que funcionam para estruturar discriminações nas interações nos mais diversos espaços de sociabilidades e posições subalternizadas na hierarquia das desigualdades sociais, dissimulando condições sociais construídas como naturais e imutáveis.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Human settlements. Communities
Amani Michael Uisso, Aliefendioğlu (Tanrıvermiş) Yeşim, Md Moynul Ahsan
et al.
context and background
Despite the robustness of various land instruments and legal and institutional regulations on various sectors, Tanzania’s land distribution-related policy implementation and practice is facing numerous challenges. Tanzania is not only experiencing poor land conditions, but also poor land management and ineffective policy implementation. Areas of concern includes public policy actions on land conflicts; settlements and housing problems; and conflicting demand for land for mining, large scale agriculture, conservation, tourism, ranching and pastoral nomadism. This study highlights that the land sector in Tanzania is in a state of instability due to inability to secure rights to land, issues around transparency and ongoing disputes and misunderstanding within society as demand for land increases.
Goal and Objectives:
The study tries to find out the potential of land and available related policies incongruent with the future land distribution and land use for sustainable land use in Tanzania by recommending the proper land distribution policy directions for feasible outcomes.
Methodology:
Secondary data analysis was applied to support the existing scenario in land policies regarding land use and the land distribution paradox. A review of land use, distribution, ownership in Tanzania has been conducted by focusing on land use and land cover distribution, size of public land, land claims by major sectors, and land ownership in Tanzania.
Results:
The study recommends that the government should go beyond land reforms and new legal regulations, but rather concentrate on innovative, participatory, and sustainable land development policy approaches. More emphasis on the operational land market, land information system, land rights, and security of tenure should instead be heightened. Again, effective coordination with relevant sectoral agencies can enhance the implementation of existing policies toward achieving sustainable land and resource management..
Tim Kelsall, Nicolai Schulz, William D. Ferguson
et al.
Abstract Few concepts have captured the imagination of the conflict and development community in recent years as powerfully as the idea of a ‘political settlement’. At its most ambitious, ‘political settlements analysis’ (PSA) promises to explain why conflicts occur and states collapse, the conditions for their successful rehabilitation, different developmental pathways, and how to better fit development policy to country context. As such, it provides an analytical framework for development agencies increasingly tasked with working in fragile and conflict-affected states, and frustrated by frequently disappointing ‘good governance’ results in more stable ones. Yet despite the approach’s tremendous promise, not all is well in the world of PSA. Rival definitions of the concept abound, there are disagreements about its scope and the way it should be used, a growing schism between conflict specialists and economists, basic concepts are ambiguous, and little progress has been made on measurement. As an introduction to the book, this chapter provides a genealogy of PSA, situating it within a wider ‘post-institutionalist turn’ in development studies, before providing illustrations of some PSA highlights, problems to date, and proposals for a way forward.