Hasil untuk "Religions. Mythology. Rationalism"

Jia Liu, Jing Wang

This article reinterprets Yinguang’s (1861–1940) “Eight-Verse Guiding Principles” as a program that integrates worldly ethics with supramundane liberation in modern Chinese Buddhism. On the ethical level, Yinguang established “fulfilling one’s duties and preserving sincerity” as the fundamental code, insisting that moral responsibility and the guarding of right mindfulness revealed the innate luminosity of the mind. Building on this, the article looks at “eliminating selfish desires and manifesting illustrious virtue” (gewu zhizhi 格物致知) as a way to connect ontology to practice, highlighting the significance of “refraining from all evils and cultivating all virtues.” The practitioner made progress toward the ultimate objective of “purifying the mind” by following these steps. On the liberation level, the bodhi-mind functions as vow-power oriented toward Buddhahood for self and others. This dual aspiration functioned as the inner motivation for rebirth in the Pure Land and the attainment of Buddhahood. The triad of “faith, vows, and practice” furnishes an accessible soteriological pathway for ordinary beings who rely on Amitābha’s vow-power to achieve rebirth with karmic burdens. Methodologically, the study combines close reading of primary writings with modern theories of religious ethics and lived religion to show how name recitation (chiming nianfo 持名念佛) concentrates the mind and conduces to the samādhi of recitation, where “the whole mind is Buddha, and the whole Buddha is mind.” Framed within the broader dynamics of Republican-era moral reform and global Pure Land transmission, the article argues that Yinguang’s eight-verse guiding principles embodied the ideal of “reaching Buddhahood by way of the human path,” providing a historically grounded yet contemporary salient model for understanding Chinese religious culture today.

Rubén José Labiano Novoa

Fray Francisco Coello de Portugal (1926-2013), arquitecto español con diecisiete edificios catalogados actualmente en el registro del Docomomo, proyectó en 1974, la iglesia y el centro parroquial de Nuestra Señora del Rosario en Torrejón de Ardoz. Un proyecto sobrio, de tipo piramidal resuelto con gran solvencia. Casi cuarenta años después el edificio necesitaba una renovación y ampliación que generó un debate interno en la parroquia acerca de la oportunidad de su conservación o de su demolición en su totalidad o en parte. Se optó por su conservación integral, mejora y ampliación. Este artículo tiene la voluntad de explorar los valores de este proyecto y analizar las estrategias seguidas en la reforma para concienciar sobre el valor de este derecho colectivo, de la preservación y disfrute del patrimonio, y sobre los criterios que han guiado las intervenciones que se ha llevado a cabo en un proyecto que opta por mantener y ponderar los valores del proyecto original.

Muhammad Rafly Irawan Irawan, Hamzah K, Anita Marwing et al.

The aim of this research is to analyze using Islamic law the judge's decision regarding parental intervention in divorce at the Belopa Religious Court. The rise of divorce is because a third person who interferes in the marriage turns out to not only be an affair of one of the partners but it turns out that parents can also be that third party. by Where the party should be the first mediator in resolving household cases. The method used is qualitative with primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques include documentation, interviews and observation. The results of the research found that there were of the 436 cases there were several cases divorce in the Belopa Religious Court which were caused by parental interference. The judge's decision on a divorce case is made using the standard of Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019. And looking at the advantages and disadvantages, if the aspects to be united but there are more disadvantages then the judge decides to carry out a divorce, because don't let something that has a bigger impact emerge if they are put back together. On the other hand, if the benefit is greater then the judge will carry out mediation first and not decide whether there will be a divorce. Keywords: Parental Interference, Divorce, Judge's Decision

Itziar Baragaña, Froilán M. Dopico, Silvia Marcaida et al.

The complete eigenstructure, or structural data, of a rational matrix $R(s)$ is comprised by its invariant rational functions, both finite and at infinity, which in turn determine its finite and infinite pole and zero structures, respectively, and by the minimal indices of its left and right null spaces. These quantities arise in many applications and have been thoroughly studied in numerous references. However, other two fundamental subspaces of $R(s)$ in contrast have received much less attention: the column and row spaces, which also have their associated minimal indices. This work solves the problems of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of rational matrices in two scenarios: (a) when the invariant rational functions and the minimal indices of the column and row spaces are prescribed, and (b) when the complete eigenstructure together with the minimal indices of the column and row spaces are prescribed. The particular, but extremely important, cases of these problems for polynomial matrices are solved first and are the main tool for solving the general problems. The results in this work complete and non-trivially extend the necessary and sufficient conditions recently obtained for the existence of polynomial and rational matrices when only the complete eigenstructure is prescribed.

Jaewon Lee

Double twist knots $K_{m, n}$ are known to be rationally slice if $mn = 0$, $n = -m\pm 1$, or $n = -m$. In this paper, we prove the converse. It is done by showing that infinitely many prime power-fold cyclic branched covers of the other cases do not bound a rational ball. Our rational ball obstruction is based on Donaldson's diagonalization theorem.

Esther-Maria Guggenmos

This article is a revised version of the inaugural lecture delivered on 5 October2023, on the occasion of the author's appointment as Professor of History of Religions at Lund University. It opens by depicting fundamental changes in the study of the history of religions in the twentieth century, followed by biographical notes, including her research on lay Buddhism in urban Taiwan, the emphasis on sensual dimensions of religious practice and the aesthetics of religion, and international academic networking in the analysis of practices of prognostication between Asia and Europe. Three areas are outlined that are central to the author's current research. It is pointed out that a focus on religion in contemporary society certainly includes a healthy awareness of current developments in the politics of religion, particularly in East Asia. In addition, the article addresses two fields of research that the author is currently engaged in: (1) The emergence of "Life Education" as a school subject in Greater China and the pedagogical shift that goes along with it. Particularly in Taiwan, this new subject is tailored to create a space for juveniles to develop self-reflection and life orientation in a success-oriented society while a new trust in religious organizations leads to the organizations' active engagement in these developments. The author is especially interested in how the transforming relationship between religion and public education gains special relevance in a comparative perspective between Asia and Europe. (2) Religious change in East Asia is evident in Buddhist ritual practices that are impacted by a consumer society that moulds emotionally profound experiences into marketable and distinct units that Eva Illouz has termed "emodities". Religious practices are subject to change in our contemporary world as they are reshaped by a growing global digitalized consumer culture. Tracing these changes leads to a deeper understanding of the underlying forces that distinctly reshape contemporary religious life.

Jean-Pierre Schouppe

Alberto Payá Rico

Según el derecho universal de la Iglesia, el “capellán” puede atender a tres posibles grupos de fieles: a los miembros de un instituto religioso laical, a los integrantes de las asociaciones de fieles y a quienes, por su género de vida o situación actual, no pueden gozar de la atención parroquial ordinaria. Sin duda alguna, este tercer grupo es el más amplio y variado debido a múltiples factores entre los que destaca la creciente movilidad humana. Por consiguiente, la pluralidad de destinatarios de la asistencia espiritual específica del capellán obliga a que este oficio se provea de todas las facultades necesarias para su correcto ejercicio. “Revalorizar” la figura del capellán y posicionarla como modelo de la atención pastoral extraordinaria es el propósito de este artículo.

Nicolas Boullé, Astrid Herremans, Daan Huybrechs

Functions with singularities are notoriously difficult to approximate with conventional approximation schemes. In computational applications, they are often resolved with low-order piecewise polynomials, multilevel schemes, or other types of grading strategies. Rational functions are an exception to this rule: for univariate functions with point singularities, such as branch points, rational approximations exist with root-exponential convergence in the rational degree. This is typically enabled by the clustering of poles near the singularity. Both the theory and computational practice of rational functions for function approximation have focused on the univariate case, with extensions to two dimensions via identification with the complex plane. Multivariate rational functions, i.e., quotients of polynomials of several variables, are relatively unexplored in comparison. Yet, apart from a steep increase in theoretical complexity, they also offer a wealth of opportunities. A first observation is that singularities of multivariate rational functions may be continuous curves of poles, rather than isolated ones. By generalizing the clustering of poles from points to curves, we explore constructions of multivariate rational approximations to functions with curves of singularities.

Matthew Newton, Antonis Papachristodoulou

Neural networks have shown great success in many machine learning related tasks, due to their ability to act as general function approximators. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of neural networks in control systems (known as neural feedback loops), most notably by using a neural network as a controller. However, one of the big challenges of this approach is that neural networks have been shown to be sensitive to adversarial attacks. This means that, unless they are designed properly, they are not an ideal candidate for controllers due to issues with robustness and uncertainty, which are pivotal aspects of control systems. There has been initial work on robustness to both analyse and design dynamical systems with neural network controllers. However, one prominent issue with these methods is that they use existing neural network architectures tailored for traditional machine learning tasks. These structures may not be appropriate for neural network controllers and it is important to consider alternative architectures. This paper considers rational neural networks and presents novel rational activation functions, which can be used effectively in robustness problems for neural feedback loops. Rational activation functions are replaced by a general rational neural network structure, which is convex in the neural network's parameters. A method is proposed to recover a stabilising controller from a Sum of Squares feasibility test. This approach is then applied to a refined rational neural network which is more compatible with Sum of Squares programming. Numerical examples show that this method can successfully recover stabilising rational neural network controllers for neural feedback loops with non-linear plants with noise and parametric uncertainty.

Michael Chitayat

Let $X \subset \mathbb{P}(w_0, w_1, w_2, w_3)$ be a quasismooth well-formed weighted projective hypersurface and let $L = lcm(w_0,w_1,w_2,w_3)$. We characterize when $X$ is rational under the assumption that $L$ divides $deg(X)$ by combining an algebraic proof of rationality valid in all dimensions with a new result on numerical semigroups. As applications, we give new examples of families of normal projective rational varieties with quotient singularities and ample canonical divisor; we also determine precisely which affine Pham-Brieskorn threefolds are rational.

Daniil Musatov, Georgii Potapov

This is the full version of a paper submitted to the Computability in Europe (CiE 2023) conference, with all proofs omitted there. In 2012 P. D. Azar and S. Micali introduced a new model of interactive proofs, called "Rational Interactive Proofs". In this model the prover is neither honest nor malicious, but rational in terms of maximizing his expected reward. In this article we explore the connection of this area with classic complexity results. In the first part of this article we revise the ties between the counting hierarchy and the hierarchy of constant-round rational proofs. We prove that a polynomial-time machine with oracle access to DRMA[k] decides exactly languages in DRMA[k], a coincidence unknown for levels of the counting hierarchy. In the second part we study communication complexity of single-round rational proofs. We show that the class defined by logarithmic-communication single-round rational proofs coincides with PP. We also show that single-round rational protocols that treat problems in Parity-P as black-box samplers of a random variable require at least a linear number of bits of communication.

Sungwon Kim

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a faith scale for young children. Data were collected from 424 young children, who had not yet entered elementary school, with their parents rating their faith level. Sixty-five preliminary questions were formulated under three domains―knowing, loving, and living—that were based on existing studies related to faith. The questions were reduced to 40 through a content validity test conducted by a seven-member panel. These questions were subsequently refined through pilot study, main survey, and statistical analysis. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale was finalized, comprising 25 questions that can be categorized into three factors: <i>confessional faith life</i>, <i>missional life,</i> and <i>distinctive life</i>. This scale is expected to measure early childhood faith and prove the effectiveness of Christian education programs on a young child’s faith development.

Valentino Gasparini, Jaime Alvar Ezquerra

María Paz de Hoz García-Bellido

GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ, MARTA (2019). Funerary Epigrams of Ancient Greece: Reflections on Literature, Society and Religion. London: Bloomsbury. 224 pp., 74,31€ [ISBN 978-1-3500-6242-9] [Reseña]

Bo Krister Ljungberg

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Nicolás Botbol, Laurent Busé, Marc Chardin et al.

We contribute a new algebraic method for computing the orthogonal projections of a point onto a rational algebraic surface embedded in the three dimensional projective space. This problem is first turned into the computation of the finite fibers of a generically finite dominant rational map: a congruence of normal lines to the rational surface. Then, an in-depth study of certain syzygy modules associated to such a congruence is presented and applied to build elimination matrices that provide universal representations of its finite fibers, under some genericity assumptions. These matrices depend linearly in the variables of the three dimensional space. They can be pre-computed so that the orthogonal projections of points are approximately computed by means of fast and robust numerical linear algebra calculations.

Lingxiao Wang, Yin Jiang

The bounded rationality plays a vital role in the collective behavior of the evacuation process. Also investigating human behavior in such an extreme situation is a continuing concern within social psychology. In this paper, we construct a cellular automaton (CA) model for the escape dynamics, and the bounded rational behavior induced by heterogeneous information is introduced. The non-trivial behavior shows in the replicator dynamics method with mean field approximation, where people's perception of the distribution of population and velocity is reduced to an average value in a certain direction. Analyzing the escape efficiency shows that under the premise of rationality, the bounded rational strategy can get higher performance. Interestingly, a quantifiable meta-stable state appears in the escape process, and the escape time is power-law dependent on system size.

Ewa Święcka

Inskrypcje stanowią istotny element wielu malowideł ściennych. Pełnią funkcje nie tylko dekoracyjne, ale także są dokumentem historycznym budynku. Po wielu latach każde dzieło sztuki może ulec znieszczeniu lub przekształcić się w wyniku przemalowań. W takich przypadkach konieczne są zabiegi konserwacyjne i restauracyjne. Podstawowym pytaniem pozostaje, czy działania konserwatorskie prowadzone na zniszczonych elementach winny być takie same w przypadku wszystkich malowideł, czy też istnieje oddzielny system wyłącznie dla inskrypcji. Przykłady praktyk konserwatorskich pokazują, że nie ma szczegółowych regulacji protekcji 'dokumentów zapisanych na ścinanach'. Zniszczone inskrypcje historyczne często są uzupełniane, a nawet rekonstruowane.

Chibisova Anastasiya

This study is devoted to the history of obtaining the autocephaly by the Orthodox Church in Poland from the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1924. The author leaves beyond the scope of the article the reasons why the Polish Church took this step, as well the factors that contributed to it and the position of the Russian Church. The article focuses on the negotiations of the Polish government and Fanar on the issue of church autocephaly that took place between 1921 and 1924 in Istanbul and ended with the publication of the Patriarchal and Synodal-Canonical Tomos about the recognition of the Orthodox Church in Poland as independent. The article scrutinises the course and outcome of these negotiations, reveals the reasons why the Polish government negotiated precisely with the Patriarchate of Constantinople and explains the interest of the Patriarchate in these negotiations. The article also describes the visit of the delegates of the Patriarchate of Constantinople to Warsaw in 1925, within the framework of which festivities celebrating the independence of the Polish Church were organised. Besides, drawing on archive documents, the article clarifi es the popular rumour about the sale by the Patriarchate of Constantinople of its blessing on the independence of the Church in Poland from Moscow Patriarchate. Some documents confi rming the fi nancial arrangements between the Polish government and Fanar are published in the appendix to the article. These documents have been made public in Russian historiography for the first time.