The object of this research is the process of improving the wear resistance of profiled components of bookbinding equipment by forming a strengthening microrelief using ultrasonic rolling. The study considers the contact interaction between a spherical indenter and the surface of steel parts to determine the mechanisms of microrelief formation and its effect on wear behavior. The study is analytical and theoretical in nature, based on mathematical modeling of contact loading, microplastic deformation, and surface roughness parameters induced by ultrasonic rolling. A modified wear model is proposed, which incorporates the effects of surface microgeometry, residual stresses, and local hardness. The main hypothesis of the research is that the formation of a controlled microrelief on the surface of components reduces wear intensity due to the redistribution of contact pressure, reduction of actual contact area, and increased microhardness of the treated layer. The proposed mathematical model of local wear enables a quantitative assessment of the influence of geometric and mechanical characteristics of the microrelief on the operational durability of surfaces. The model can be adapted to different materials and ultrasonic rolling parameters. The obtained results may serve as the basis for further justification of optimal parameters for the strengthening of profiled components in bookbinding mechanisms, considering indenter geometry, material properties, and mechanisms of residual stress accumulation.
Political elites in the US are ideologically divided over climate change. We identify two perspectives: The intrinsic view on ideological climate polarisation views climate beliefs as entrenched parts of an actor’s identity and posits that ideological positions have factually shifted towards ever more extreme positions over time. The instrumental view, in contrast, emphasises that polarisation entrepreneurs mobilise their constituency to participate in the climate policy debate by amplifying ideological differences over climate-related focusing events when they arise, leading to fluctuations in visible polarisation, rather than a steady trend. This study examines which of the two perspectives holds in US Congressional and subnational media debates by analysing time trends of polarisation and phases of structural stability. We distinguish between endogenous events, which can be attributed to the political process, and exogenous focusing events, such as extreme events or those related to the international climate regime, and investigate which type of event tends to be associated with changes in polarisation. Applying two novel time series measures for discourse networks—structural polarisation and the detection of phases of structural stability—to the climate debate during the 112th to 114th Congress (2013–2017) and subnational print media in four swing states, we find that exogenous events are largely irrelevant while endogenous political dynamics increase the polarisation of the debate considerably. We find ups and downs of polarisation corresponding to distinct structural phases in which polarisation is linked to participation. This temporal fluctuation of polarisation around endogenous political events is consistent with the instrumental perspective.
This article argues for the integration of book history (BH) into young adult (YA) studies, using Alice Oseman’s Heartstopper as a case study. We position book history as a dynamic set of methodologies attuned to the infrastructures, formats, politics, and practices that shape YA’s creation, production, circulation, and reception in the post-digital era. Heartstopper exemplifies how YA texts function as transmedia objects: beginning as a webcomic on Tapas, moving into crowdfunded print editions, commercial paperbacks, Netflix adaptations, and expansive fandom ecologies. Through this trajectory, Oseman embodies the “social author”, whose labour extends across writing, publishing, marketing, and community stewardship. Readers, meanwhile, participate in recommendation cultures through BookTok, Bookstagram, and fan practices that amplify and redistribute the text across platforms. We conceptualise Heartstopper as a circuit breaker in Robert Darnton’s “communications circuit”, a text whose multi-agent loops of production, reception, and adaptation both disrupt and reconfigure established models of book circulation. In tracing its publication history, material formats, authorial roles, reader reception, and transmedia dynamics, we demonstrate how book history methodologies can enrich YA criticism by attending to infrastructures of power, visibility, and affect. At the same time, YA studies contributes to book history by foregrounding the politics of representation and belonging. We conclude that a BH (Book History) + YA framework enables sharper analysis of how YA texts accrue cultural and commercial value, how reader-fans shape their afterlives, and how exclusions persist within global circuits of publishing and media.
Abstract Anti-tobacco campaigns face challenges as tobacco marketing consistently outpaces funding for public health presentation initiatives. In 2017, tobacco companies spent around $1 million every hour to promote cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the US. That same year, they were also mandated to sponsor and disseminate Federal court ordered Corrective Statements (CSs) advertisements in outlets such as newspapers and major television networks. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the marketing activities of the tobacco industry to bolster effective tobacco control efforts. Cigarettes marketing expenditures were obtained from the Federal Trade Commission Cigarettes reports and adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator. Temporal trends during 2009–2018 period were assessed using Joinpoint regression at (p < 0.05). The costs of publishing the CSs in print were estimated based on the cost of a full-page advertisement with similar specifications. Between 2009 and 2018, the total adjusted cigarette marketing expenditures exhibited no significant changes (AAPC = −1.5). Spending on print advertisements decreased from 0.43% in 2009 to 0.1% in 2018. Magazine cigarette marketing expenditures underwent a relative percentage decline of 80% (AAPC = −13.5;p < 0.05). In 2018, the tobacco industry allocated approximately $8.5 million for print advertisements to promote cigarettes. We estimated that it cost $5.5 million to disseminate the CSs in print the same year, constituting 0.06% of the overall expenditure on cigarette marketing and promotion. Several traditional cigarettes advertising categories have seen reduced funding over the past decade. Nevertheless, the total marketing expenditure remained unaffected. In response to marketing regulations, tobacco companies shifted their funds to less regulated channels. In 2018, a significant portion of promotional expenditures were directed toward various price discounts, which could potentially expose vulnerable children and youths to cigarette marketing. Lastly, the impact of CSs was weakened by delayed implementation and shift in consumer attention from traditional media to other digital channels.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Rameez Ali Mahesar, Yasira Naeem Pasha, Mubina Pathan
et al.
Background: Newspaper coverage is a key source of cancer information. Although it was of profound significance to understand how the local newspapers of Pakistan cover the cancer news. Aims and Objectives: To counter this, the present study was aimed to examine the cancer news coverage of the last year 2020. Materials and Methods: Using content analysis technique, the whole year coverage in daily Pehnji Akhbar was investigated to determine which topic and the type of cancer were most frequently mentioned in the news, and what was the locality the cancer news was most frequently reported from. Results: In total, 90 cancer-related news were generated, out of which 7.5% of news were found as an average in each month during the whole year of 2020. Death was the topic of the majority (90%) of the news (contributing to 74% male deaths and 15% female deaths). However, blood, liver, throat, and mouth cancers were the most frequently mentioned-types in the news related to male victims. In terms of localities, the rural areas were the highest contributors of the 57 cancer news (contributing to 48% male victims and 14% female victims). Conclusion: It was found that cancer is increasing at an alarming rate in the rural areas of Sindh. Recommendations: Keeping in view the significance of the newspapers, it would help proffer the public with adequate information on cancer by increasing the mentions of particular types of common cancer. Also, it would be beneficial if the newspapers consider relating the news to the profiles of the victims.
The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the application of leadership strategies and work commitments of CV. Silvana Print & Advertising in maintaining employee performance. Data collection methods used was observation, open interview, and documentation. Analysis of the data in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis through case studies. Based on the results of the study note that the leadership strategy and work commitment in maintaining employee performance on the CV. Silvana Print & Advertising is done by controlling employees every day either directly or indirectly. Control is carried out related to the production process, optimizing the use of raw materials. Besides, leaders always provide ideas, instructions, and provide solutions to employees who have problems or obstacles, and leaders also use the WhatsApp group as a media to help communicate with employees. Work commitment, the company applies work standards that can improve the quality of employees and pay attention to employee needs ranging from the needs of life, the needs of employees in production activities. Employee performance, in maintaining the company's employee performance, pay attention to the portion of work and ability of employees, ranging from the ability to initiate employees themselves, employee adaptation, creativity, discipline, experience, and employee cooperation.
Chili was a staple in Indonesia every year since Eid Mubarok and until the end of the year continuously experience price increases. Chili prices were continuously creeping up, causing the holding of the movement to use new seeds of chili to be planted. The use of home yard to be a solution for people who lack land to plant chili. The purpose of this research was to know the movements that have existed in major cities in Indonesia related to the alms of chili seedlings and the utilization of yard to towards food security, especially the resilience of chili commodities. The research method, conducted with literature study and document studies (secondary data) that could be good from the source in the form of books, reports, or news from mass media print or online. The result of the research shows that there are 3 chili algae movements in Indonesia namely the National Movement of Planting 10 million Chili Trees in Cilodong West Java, the Nandur Movement and One Million Seeds and the Chili Seeds in Surabaya, and the Beautiful and Comfortable Pure Land Movement (PKK) in Bogor and the utilization of home yard for food security can maintain chili commodity.
Peter Anderson, Eva Jané-Llopis, Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
et al.
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms (“review” or “literature review” or “review literature” or “data pooling” or “comparative study” or “systematic review” or “meta-analysis” or “pooled analysis”), and “alcohol”, and “intervention” and (“municipal” or “city” or “community”). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
Regulation and Journalistic Code of Ethic plays an important role as a guide for professional journalists. Similarly, self-regulation that plays an important role as Principles, Code of Ethics, and Standards of Conduct for the press and media companies. The purpose of this research is to prove the theoretical concept of communication technology and media regulation on the role of self regulation in the media industry constellation in Republika's Newspaper. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with research resource is Executive Editor of Republika's Newspaper. Data collection techniques used in this study are interview techniques, literature study and documentation. Regarding the concept of regulatory study theory in the form of self regulation in the constellation of the media industry in general, the press has a duty in maintaining professionalism and integrity by complying with applicable regulations without any conflict of interest from any party. In supporting media regulation at state law level, high commitment by media company in applying its self regulation is required. And accompanied by awareness and control of the public in supervising media behavior to stay professional.
Keywords: mass media, print media, media regulation, code of ethics, self regulation,journalistic code of ethic, self regulation, ethics of journalist behavior.
The paper deals with the reception of new anglicisms by native speakers of Serbian, from semantic and pragmatic viewpoints, through theoretical and empirical observations. The main goal of the paper is to demonstrate to what extent and in what ways speakers understand anglicisms which they regularly encounter in Serbian daily newspapers and weekly magazines.
It is through Grice's Cooperative Principle that the relationship between the journalist and the reader is examined and described. The conclusions are based on an analysis of the results of a large-scale research project conducted on a representative sample of native speakers who constitute the target readership of the selected newspapers and magazines. The research tool – an extensive written questionnaire – was created on the basis of a large corpus of anglicisms extracted from non-specialist daily and weekly press. The results of the analysis corroborate the initial hypothesis that there are varying degrees of noise in the communication channel between the journalist and reader, and that the journalist does not adhere to the Cooperative Principle. The way in which one of its maxims is regularly disregarded cannot fit into the existing classification and displays characteristics of a new category here termed ‘neglecting the maxim of manner’.
Philology. Linguistics, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
morteza nazerian, vajiheh sadeghi panah, rahim mohebi gargari
et al.
The aim of this study was investigation of hydration behavior and mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboard manufactured from different ratio of cotton stalk to poplar wood particle, sawdust content and CaCl2 as additive at different weight ratios. At the first, curing time of cement paste containing different amount of additive (CaCl2) and wood and cotton fines was determined. Besides, the effect of additive (CaCl2) content, weight ratio of cotton to poplar wood particles and percentage of sawdust on modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding (IB) of cement-bonded particleboard was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). In order to optimize the properties of panels, a mathematical model equation (second order plan) was done by a computer simulation program. According to results, there is a good coincidence between predicted values and actual values (R2 for MOR, MOE and IB was 0.93, 0.90 and 0.95, respectively). This study showed that the response surface methodology (RSM) can be effectively used for modeling of panel properties. Results showed that using weight ratio of cotton to poplar particle 43:57 the MOR, MOE and IB of panels can be reached to maximum values (12.5, 2545 and 0.35 MPa, respectively). Simultaneously, application of 4.5% additive and 9% sawdust at had a positive effect on the properties of the panels.
Este estudio experimental es fruto de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado desde la Universidad de Nápoles Federico II por una plataforma de profesores y especialistas dirigidos por la autora. El extenso yacimiento arqueológico de Pompeya, uno de los más visitados del mundo, ha servido como proyecto piloto para examinar el estado de la cuestión sobre la accesibilidad a estos lugares para personas con discapacidad física y/o perceptiva y diseñar soluciones específicas que permitan una así denominada accesibilidad ampliada al monumento, que no renuncie sin embargo a las instancias de la conservación del mismo. Este estudio piloto adquiere una especial relevancia por la reflexión realizada, los criterios adoptados, el carácter sensato y razonable de sus propuestas y la posibilidad real de la aplicación de una metodología similar a otros yacimientos arqueológicos del resto del mundo que presentan problemas similares.
Conservation and restoration of prints, Architectural drawing and design
Tobias Redlich, Manuel Moritz, Pascal Krenz
et al.
The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to a theory of value co-creation by integrating a case observation and conceptual insights from literature that are concerned with co-creation phenomena. A value creation taxonomy is introduced as a reference model which is used to describe an ongoing paradigm shift from traditional industrial production towards Bottom-up economics. On this basis, a conceptual framework is derived for comparing how traditional value chain elements might be rearranged by organizations relying on value co-creation. The underlying research work also aims to apply the authors' framework in order to illustrate how completely new business models arise and how traditional (manufacturing) companies could be enabled to make use of value co-creation patterns observed in the 36 cases under consideration. Each case is employing its own distinct approach to value creation.