This curatorial introduction explores the politics of absence in digital knowledge systems, focusing on how design can critically engage with and respond to the condition of ‘missing data’. Absence is understood not as a technical gap but as the product of sociohistorical and institutional forces, with profound implications for epistemic justice and cultural representation. This issue foregrounds practices that question dominant data paradigms and reflect specifically on the role of design in engaging with data as a contested domain that
demands participatory and critical approaches. From alternative data infrastructures to participatory inquiry and experimental ways of visualizing, collecting, and archiving, this editorial for the current Open Debate section is interested in how design can become more attentive to its relationship with data, to the politics of datafication, and to the need to reimagine other ways of engaging with data through design.
This paper critically examines the limitations of mainstream circular eco-design approaches and proposes an alternative framework grounded in post-circular thinking. Drawing on futures studies, speculative design, and Emergence theory, it situates eco-design within the evolving context of Industry 5.0. Using Italy's Spoke 2 project as a focal point, the study analyses the technocratic tendencies of circular eco-design strategies and introduces speculative design as both critique and method. A workshop methodology is presented, informed by three spheres of intervention —biosphere, technosphere, and infosphere —and mapped across industrial temporalities. The paper also highlights "Abitiamo i futuri," a public event that takes place in Florence as part of Spoke 2’s Roadshow, which brings these critical approaches into open dialogue with a broader audience through roundtables and participatory workshops. The paper concludes by reflecting on the design’s role in enabling inclusive, situated, and anticipatory futures.
The realistic simulation of sand, soil, powders, rubble piles, and large collections of rigid bodies is a common and important problem in the fields of computer graphics, computational physics, and engineering. Direct simulation of these individual bodies quickly becomes expensive, so we often approximate the entire group as a continuum material that can be more easily computed using tools for solving partial differential equations, like the material point method (MPM). In this paper, we present a method for automatically extracting continuum material properties from a collection of rigid bodies. We use numerical homogenization with periodic boundary conditions to simulate an effectively infinite number of rigid bodies in contact. We then record the effective stress-strain relationships from these simulations and convert them into elastic properties and yield criteria for the continuum simulations. Our experiments validate existing theoretical models like the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface by extracting material behaviors from a collection of spheres in contact. We further generalize these existing models to more exotic materials derived from diverse and non-convex shapes. We observe complicated jamming behaviors from non-convex grains, and we introduce a new material model for materials with extremely high levels of internal friction and cohesion. We simulate these new continuum models using MPM with an improved return mapping technique. The end result is a complete system for turning an input rigid body simulation into an efficient continuum simulation with the same effective mechanical properties.
The Crin collection aims to give value to a traditional Chilean technique that originated about 200 years ago, able to give individuals the ability to shape their own identity and leave a lasting trace thanks to their craftsmanship. The technique consists of braiding and weaving horsehair and was born in Rari, a small village located 300km from Santiago in the foothills of the Andes. The process begins with washing the fibers, which are then dyed using natural or synthetic pigments. Dyed horsehair is woven through only using fingers to create a unique material full of cultural and historical significance. This project was done in collaboration with Marcela Sepúlveda, a master artisan originally from Rari and expert in crin. The mutual influence between the design world and the artisan one made it possible to investigate the possibility of combining the crin technique with the reality of art toys. The convergence of the two poles resulted in a collection that encloses a richness of human experience, surpassing the initial goals aimed by the project. The exchange and approach with a different culture fuels the designer's sense of social responsibility. The goal is to respect and maintain the relationship the individual has with the environment and local traditions, making it possible for the natural creativity of the individual to blossom. The collection has given form to four characters: Carmelita, Altiplánico, Aguayo, and Poncho. Their garments incorporate cultural elements from across Chile: northern clothing styles with southern weaving techniques.
Josep Maria Batllori, Michael H. Frosz, Dieter Horns
et al.
Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidates that couple with photons in external magnetic fields. The parameter space around <inline-formula>
<mml:math id="mm1">
<mml:semantics>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:msub>
<mml:mi>m</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
</mml:msub>
<mml:mo>∼</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>50</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> meV remains largely unexplored by haloscope experiments. We present the first prototype of Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles (WISP) Searches on a Fiber Interferometer (WISPFI), a table-top, model-independent scheme based on resonant photon–axion conversion in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) integrated into a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Operating near a dark fringe with active phase-locking, combined with amplitude modulation, the interferometer converts axion-induced photon disappearance into a measurable signal. A 2 W, 1550 nm laser is coupled with a 1 m-long HC-PCF placed inside a ∼2 T permanent magnet array, probing a fixed axion mass of <inline-formula>
<mml:math id="mm7">
<mml:semantics>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:msub>
<mml:mi>m</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
</mml:msub>
<mml:mo>≃</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>49</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> meV with a projected sensitivity of <inline-formula>
<mml:math id="mm8">
<mml:semantics>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:msub>
<mml:mi>g</mml:mi>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>γ</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>γ</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
<mml:mo>≳</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo>
<mml:msup>
<mml:mn>10</mml:mn>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mo>−</mml:mo>
<mml:mn>9</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msup>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:semantics>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula> GeV<sup>−1</sup> for a measurement time of 30 days. Future upgrades, including pressure tuning of the effective refractive index and implementation of a Fabry–Pérot cavity, could extend the accessible mass range and improve sensitivity, establishing WISPFI as a scalable platform to explore previously inaccessible regions of the axion parameter space.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
Fabio Armillotta, Carmela Palmieri, Natale Marco Santomauro
'Buonanotte Contemporanea' nasce come progetto di rigenerazione dei ruderi e dei luoghi abbandonati del borgo, che non erano più in grado di svolgere le loro funzioni originarie. L'intervento coordinato di architetto e artista dona nuova vita al suo patrimonio in modo originale e discreto, senza oscurare l'intero borgo, ma anzi valorizzandolo silenziosamente senza alterarne l'identità. La pianificazione e la progettazione di un percorso sicuro attraverso le condizioni esistenti nel villaggio abbandonato non possono che andare di pari passo con un'attenta ricerca su come generare al meglio nuove opportunità, attraverso l'interazione e la contaminazione tra le rovine stesse e le opere di arte installata. Si possono così tracciare nuovi percorsi per promuovere il turismo come parte di una ricca esperienza culturale, in cui il patrimonio tradizionale dell'architettura abruzzese può intrecciarsi con l'ambiente naturale e con l'arte contemporanea.
Aricia Rinkens, Rodrigo L. S. Silva, Clemens V. Verhoosel
et al.
Using Bayesian inference to calibrate constitutive model parameters has recently seen a rise in interest. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is one of the most commonly used methods to sample from the posterior. However, the choice of which MCMC algorithm to apply is typically pragmatic and based on considerations such as software availability and experience. We compare three commonly used MCMC algorithms: Metropolis-Hastings (MH), Affine Invariant Stretch Move (AISM) and No-U-Turn sampler (NUTS). For the comparison, we use the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence as a convergence criterion, which measures the statistical distance between the sampled and the ‘true’ posterior. We apply the Bayesian framework to a Newtonian squeeze flow problem, for which there exists an analytical model. Furthermore, we have collected experimental data using a tailored setup. The ground truth for the posterior is obtained by evaluating it on a uniform reference grid. We conclude that, for the same number of samples, the NUTS results in the lowest KL divergence, followed by the AISM sampler and last the MH sampler.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
The analysis of existing publications highlights a gap in scientific research on mechanisms used in the drive system to move the pressure plate, particularly those that extend the contact duration between the die-cutting mold and cardboard. The authors developed a kinematic scheme of the proposed double-wedging mechanism. The geometric synthesis and kinematic analysis of the mechanism were performed, determining the relative values of key geometric parameters, displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the pressure plate. The geometry and kinematic parameters were calculated using mathematical models based on similarity invariants. To validate the results, a simulation of the work process was conducted in the SolidWorks program for the double-wedging mechanism and the existing mechanism used in Bobst presses. A comparative analysis of the analytically obtained kinematic dependencies and the simulation results demonstrated absolute agreement, confirming the accuracy of the developed mathematical models. The results of the kinematic analysis indicate that using a combined two-wedging mechanism doubles the duration of the die-cutting tool with the cardboard blank. This prolonged contact positively impacts the efficiency of die-cutting operations, particularly for creasing and relief embossing.
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the stamping die design for a flange part. The development history and current status of stamping die technology at home and abroad are first reviewed, highlighting intelligence and automation as the key future directions. The research aims to provide theoretical guidance and practical references for die development of similar parts, while laying a foundation for promoting the intelligent upgrading of stamping dies. According to the structural features and technological requirements of the flange, 15 steels with 3 mm thickness, IT14 precision, and medium-to-large batch production are determined. Three alternative process plans—single-operation dies, compound dies, and progressive dies—are compared. Flange parts are typical non-flanged cylindrical deep-drawn components that are extensively employed in automotive pipelines, hydraulic elements, and household appliances. The optimal solution, a compound dies for blanking, drawing and reverse drawing plus a separate piercing die, is selected. Critical parameters such as blank size, strip layout, material utilisation, punching forces, and die-cutting clearances are calculated, and a suitable press is chosen. Subsequently, the structural designs of the die components—die block, punches, compound punch–die, stripper plate, backup plates, and die set—are detailed, and standard elements are selected. Assembly drawings of the compound die and the piercing die are finally produced. The results show that the developed dies are compact, user-friendly, highly productive, and fully meet the accuracy requirements, offering strong engineering applicability. The two resulting die assembly drawings show compact structures with reliable positioning and safe operation, meeting the requirements of medium-to-large batch production at IT14 accuracy. Through this project, the authors not only consolidated their theoretical knowledge of stamping dies and proficiency in CAD/CAE tools, but also enhanced their ability to analyse and solve problems independently, laying a solid foundation for future work in die and related mechanical design.
Zidani Younes, Zahrou Younes, Nissabouri Salah
et al.
augmented reality (AR) has shown enormous potential as a teaching tool for improving comprehension in technical and engineering fields. This research investigates the influence of AR on the comprehension and interpretation of assembly drawings, with a concentration on gear train assembly drawing. We created an AR-based web application called GTAR (Gear Train with Augmented Reality), using CATIA CAD software, AR-JS is an innovative platform intended for the development of AR experiences on the Web and GitHub is a development platform permitting developers to write, save, control, and share their code. The AR-based web application enables students to see animated simulation of gear train system on their smartphones. This tool aims to link static representations with functional comprehension through the integration of dynamic visuals into conventional technical drawings. This article discusses the making process of the AR-based web application, its educational advantages, and the outcomes of an experimental research study conducted with the second year of the mechanical science and technology baccalaureate students at a technical high school in Casablanca, Morocco. Initial results indicate that AR enhances spatial thinking, reduces cognitive strain, and elevates precision in reading assembly details. Post-test findings indicate a significant improvement in the average score, approximately between 15 and 16 points. This extensive enhancement demonstrates the beneficial impact of AR on students' comprehension of the assembly drawings.
در سالهای اخیر، سلولهای خورشیدی پلیمری بدلیل انعطافپذیری بالا، شفافیت و قیمت پایین مواد، توجه بسیاری از محققان را به خود جلب نمودهاند. در مطالعه حاضر سلول خورشیدی ناهمگون حجمی معکوس بر پایه پلیمر پلیتریهگزیلتیوفن (P3HT) ، فولرن (PC61BM) و نانولوله کربنی تک دیواره عاملدار شده با گروههای اسیدی تهیه و اثر حضور نانولولههای کربنی بر خواص فوتوولتایی و ریختشناسی بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان میدهد که حضور نانولولههای کربنی اگرچه سبب بهبود ولتاژ مدار باز می گردد و چگالی جریان را نیز افزایش میدهد، در نمونههای حاوی مقادیر بیشتری از SWCNT چگالی جریان روند کاهشی نشان میدهد. این موضوع ناشی از افزایش جذب فوتون پلیمر P3HT در محدوده طول موجهای مرئی و نزدیک به فروسرخ و بهبود قابلیت انتقال بار الکتریکی است. بدلیل تضعیف فاکتور پرشدگی، توان تبدیل سلولهای خورشیدی به میزان ۱۱ درصد کاهش مییابد که علت آن را میتوان به کاهش سرعت جدایش اکسایتون، کاهش بلورینگی نسبی پلیمر و تخریب ریخت مطلوب جدایش اکسایتون نسبت داد.
کمال الدین قرنجیگ, حسین کاظمیان, مژگان حسیننژاد
et al.
مواد رنگزای موجود در اسپرک کاربرد زیادی در رنگرزی الیاف نساجی به ویژه فرش دستباف دارد. در رنگرزی الیاف سلولزی و پروتئینی مقدار قابلتوجهی از این مواد رنگزا در پساب رنگرزی باقیمیماند که عامل ایجاد آلودگی زیستمحیطی میشود. در این پژوهش، سنتز و مشخصهیابی یک چارچوب آلی- فلزی حاوی گروه آمینو به منظور حذف مواد رنگزای موجود در پساب رنگرزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. شرایط حذف رنگ به روش تک پارامتری بهینهسازی شده و اثر عوامل موثر مانند غلظت اولیه ماده رنگزا، مقدار جاذب و pH بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که چارچوب آلی فلزی سنتزشده قادر است در pH 5، زمان ۱۲۰ دقیقه، دمای محیط، مقدار جاذب ۰.۰۷ گرم بیشترین مقدار حذف رنگ را در محلولی با غلظت اولیه ۲۴۰ میلیگرم در لیتر انجام دهد. همچنین دادههای سینتیکی و ایزوترم جذب نشان میدهند که سرعت حذف رنگ از رابطه نفوذ درون ذرهای و ایزوترم فروندلیچ پیروی میکند. فرایند جذب مواد رنگزا توسط جاذب گرمازا و فیزیکی است.
Due to the growing environmental impact of the fashion industry, the demand for sustainable consumption is currently an urgent issue. The exponential increase of textile waste and the progressive reduction of product lifespan call for a shift to circular models, and in this context, consumer awareness has also become crucial. The retail environment, driven by an increasing shift towards a servitisation of the consumer experience, with its associated Product-Service Systems (PSSs), can provide a compelling opportunity to nurture consumer awareness, thus acting as a proactive mechanism to induce more responsible and sustainable behaviour. Within this framework, retail design is emerging as a key driver for sustainable behavioural changes in fashion consumption. This article, therefore, reflects on how fashion brands are actively orchestrating strategies within retail, defining dedicated PPSs to promote responsible consumption practices involving informative content, empowerment tools and co-creation initiatives that, going beyond awareness, can evolve into advocacy.
Daphne Degiorgis, Marco D’Addario, Beatrice Lerma
et al.
People are plugged into an intangible sound universe. But only a tiny part of the sounds we are exposed to have been purposefully designed. Recently, designers are bashfully approaching these intangible products’ quality. Product Sound Design represents, in fact, a promising research field still scarcely explored. The design community is answering this concern through new design methods. An Italian university developed a patented method-and-tool, conceived to collect, analyze, and recreate various sounds to develop a new generation of products with designed mechanical (and, eventually, digital) sounds. Spreading this innovation within the design community is fundamental to stimulate future more focused and aware practices. As well as all new technologies, the new patent didn’t have its own identity from the beginning. Extensive work conducted with the scientific approach has therefore been undertaken to redesign its identity to make its disruptiveness intelligible and understandable.
The article recalls the essence of academic subjects: descriptive geometry, drawing, engineering graphics, computer graphics and what each of these subjects is intended for. It is said about the compulsory study of geometry by students, especially those students who study in technical fields of study, about the role of descriptive geometry in the learning process and later in practical activities. Therefore, the existence of departments of geometric and graphic profile for each technical university is unconditionally necessary. It is explained that the modern disdainful attitude of the university leadership towards the departments of the geometric direction should not lead to the disappearance of these departments, since an engineer without knowledge of geometry is a fundamental underachiever, and at best an amateur. The reasons that led to the insufficiency of highly qualified specialists in the geometric and graphic profile in universities are given and, in this regard, some steps are proposed to improve the quality of engineering education. The situation of the educational process in the supposedly leading technical universities of the country, which have already got rid of the departments of the geometric direction or are on the road to this "great" achievement, is given as a negative example, as a result of which various information has been received for quite a long time about the not very favorable situation in these universities. Some measures are proposed to improve geometric education in Russian universities.
Vladyslav Protsenko Vladyslav, M. Tkachuk, O. Ustynenko
The article is dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the famous Ukrainian scientist in the field of mechanical engineering and machine dynamics, professor of the department of technical mechanics and engineering graphics of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic", doctor of technical sciences, academician of the Lifting and Transport Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Malashchenko. After the restoration of Ukraine's independence, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych was one of the organizers of the process of training highly qualified specialists. Many of the candidate's and doctoral dissertations were defended under his supervision or opposition, not only in mechanical engineering but also in lifting and transport machines, agriculture, printing, oil and gas engineering. He is the author of more than 600 works, including more than ten monographs, more than 100 patents, about 30 study guides (of which six are in French), and about 20 articles in foreign publications indexed by scientometric databases. Volodymyr Oleksandrovych is also the author of a complex of study guides on machine design, which are widely used in the educational process of almost all technical universities of Ukraine. He is a member of the editorial boards of the magazines "Lifting and Transport Technology", "Bulletin of NTU "KhPI", series of Engineering and CAD", a member of the program and organizational committee of the international scientific and technical conference "Problems of Quality and Durability of Gears and Mechanical Drive".
The article considers the use of innovative technologies in the educational process, which allows junior students of technical specialties to use the achievements of computer graphics when studying graphic subjects. Modern production technologies require highly qualified engineering personnel, which places special demands on the educational process. This article considers the issue of preparing students for studying graphic subjects such as drawing geometry and engineering graphics using innovative teaching methods. The proposed solution is the introduction of the PDF3D format, which allows integrating three-dimensional models into electronic educational materials. The advantages of this approach are considered, including increasing the visibility and interactivity of the educational process, as well as the availability of use without the need to install special software. Using PDF3D helps students develop skills in working with 3D modeling, which subsequently has a positive effect on their professional training and adaptation to modern production requirements. In addition, aspects of adapting this technology to various educational environments, as well as prospects for further development of interactive formats in engineering education, are considered.
Abstract The paper shows a significant influence of the multi-stage wire drawing technology on deformability and phase transformations in the zinc coating. SEM tests proved that the coating after hot-dip galvanizing consists of a number of thin layers, ranging from 1 to 5 µm, and differing in thickness, chemical composition and properties. When pulled through the drawing die the zinc coating heats up (as a result of friction between the material and the tool) and its dynamic plastic deformation. It resulted in the fracture and partial crushing of the hard-intermetallic phases. It has been proven that as the wire passes through successive drawing dies, the coating is thinned and diffusion as well as phase remodelling of individual structural components occurs; in the place of phase ζ, the intermetallic phase δ1 develops, increasing its share in the diffusion layer. The crystals of intermetallic phases located on the border of the diffusion and outer layers break up and remain dispersed in the zinc. An analysis of the microhardness of the coating has proven that the level of the increase in the microhardness of the zinc coating is contingent on percentage of iron in particular layers of coating.
Geometric optics approximation sufficiently describes the effects in the near-earth environment, and Faraday rotation is purely a reference frame effect in this limit. A simple encoding procedure could mitigate the Faraday phase error. However, the framework of geometric optics is not sufficient to describe the propagation of waves of large but finite frequencies. So, we outline the technique to solve the equations for the propagation of an electromagnetic wave up to the subleading order geometric optics expansion in curved spacetimes. For this, we first need to construct a set of parallel propagated null tetrads in curved spacetimes. Then we should use the parallel propagated tetrad to solve the modified trajectory equation. The wavelength-dependent deviation of the electromagnetic waves is observed, which gives the mathematical description of the gravitational spin Hall effect.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry