Hasil untuk "Journalism. The periodical press, etc."

Adimulya Kartiyasa, Bao Gia Cao, Boyang Li

Recently there have been intensifying efforts to improve the understanding of Indonesian cultures by large language models (LLMs). An attractive source of cultural knowledge that has been largely overlooked is local journals of social science, which likely contain substantial cultural studies from a native perspective. We present a novel text dataset of journal article passages, created from 151 open-source Indonesian social science journals, called IndoSoSci. We demonstrate an effective recipe for injecting Indonesian cultural knowledge therein into LLMs: extracting the facts related to Indonesian culture, and apply retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with LLM-generated hypothetical documents as queries during retrieval. The proposed recipe yields strong performance gains over several strong baselines on the IndoCulture benchmark. Additionally, by combining IndoSoSci with Indonesian Wikipedia, we set a new state-of-the-art accuracy on the IndoCulture benchmark.

Inmaculada Berlanga Fernández, Pavel Sidorenko-Bautista, Adoración Merino-Arribas

Based on the latest studies published on university television in Spain, this study aims to analyse the current situation of the communication model and its possible relevance for young and more digital audiences. In this way, the article aims to fill a research gap and provide a necessary framework for the debate on university reputation. Through a content analysis, the universities belonging to the Conference of Rectors of Spanish Universities (CRUE) have been studied. The results obtained have been contrasted or complemented with interviews with experts to determine the possible relevance and importance of university television today, as well as the challenges related to the digital habits of emerging audiences. The results indicate that 50% of the sample does not make efficient use of social media platforms and networks to increase their reach or strengthen their branding. The traditional television model does not survive in Spanish universities, and most of the institutions that intend to use this model do so through online multimedia repositories, with no apparent clear objectives.  University television is essential to achieve the transfer of knowledge, if it is currently committed to digital models and the reinforcement of communication through platforms and social networks, more dynamic formats and streaming broadcasts adapted to the digital use and consumption habits of the youngest audiences.

Juan Pablo Trámpuz, Julio César García, Patricia Henríquez-Coronel

La divulgación científica en entornos digitales ha transformado la comunicación del conocimiento, ofreciendo ventajas como mayor alcance y accesibilidad, pero también riesgos relacionados con la exposición pública y la tergiversación de la información. Este estudio analiza las percepciones de los investigadores sobre los beneficios y desafíos de la divulgación digital, considerando el género y la edad como factores determinantes. Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo correlacional, se aplicó una encuesta a 93 investigadores de tres universidades ecuatorianas para describir sus percepciones en cuanto a los beneficios y desafíos de la divulgación digital. Luego se analizó si sus percepciones estaban relacionadas con la edad o el género mediante pruebas estadísticas como Spearman y Tau C de Kendall. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes valora los medios digitales por su capacidad para fortalecer el perfil profesional y combatir la desinformación. No obstante, persisten inquietudes sobre la distorsión de los hallazgos científicos y la exposición a críticas. Se halló una relación estadísticamente significativa, aunque débil, entre el género y la percepción de la crítica, siendo los hombres quienes expresaron mayor temor al cuestionamiento público, mientras que los investigadores jóvenes percibieron un mayor riesgo de recibir críticas en comparación con los de más edad. A pesar de estas preocupaciones, la tendencia general muestra una predisposición positiva hacia la divulgación científica digital. Finalmente, se concluye que las redes sociales han ganado protagonismo sobre los medios tradicionales en la comunicación científica, pero su uso se enfoca principalmente en la difusión de investigaciones propias y no en el conocimiento científico en general. Adicionalmente, se afirma que el género y la edad no son aspectos necesariamente determinantes en las percepciones de los investigadores, por lo que se recomienda considerar en futuros estudios factores como la experiencia profesional, la cultura científica o la competencia digital.

Monika Szafrańska

Lucía Rodríguez García de Herreros

Este trabajo realiza un análisis de contenido textual y audiovisual del spot principal de la campaña “Mediterráneo en vivo”, lanzada en 2016 por la Agència Valenciana de Turisme. Bajo el eslogan “No me enseñes más postales” y mediante la mirada turística, se configura la imagen de un destino donde predominan lo experiencial, lo sensorial y lo subjetivo. Se trata de una imagen compatible con una tendencia detectada desde el ámbito de los estudios turísticos: la imbricación de las prácticas de dicho sector en redes más amplias de discursos, prácticas y movilidades. Se plantea la hipótesis de que, en este caso, la campaña presenta un importante potencial identitario en clave interna, gracias al desplazamiento de la idea de autenticidad desde su sentido más etnográfico a su sentido más psicológico.

William H. Press

Given two time series, A and B, sampled asynchronously at different times {t_A_i} and {t_B_j}, termed "ticks", how can one best estimate the correlation coefficient ρbetween changes in A and B? We derive a natural, minimum-variance estimator that does not use any interpolation or binning, then derive from it a fast (linear time) estimator that is demonstrably nearly as good. This "fast tickwise estimator" is compared in simulation to the usual method of interpolating changes to a regular grid. Even when the grid spacing is optimized for the particular parameters (not often possible in practice), the fast tickwise estimator has generally smaller estimation errors, often by a large factor. These results are directly applicable to tick-by-tick price data of financial assets.

Philip Cass

Dakawaku, by Anurag Subramanai. Honolulu: Lo’ihi Press, 2021. 327 pages. THIS book tries very hard to be very clever, with a thousand literary, Pacific and other allusions dripping from every page and a writing style that is (I think) intended (perhaps) to mirror the comic prose of Swift and Boswell. There are copious faux footnotes, a false frontispiece, addenda, exhortations to the reader and other literary devices that have not been seen since the steam press was invented. It is, in short (possibly) an attempt at what we used to call a picaresque novel in first year lit.

Mike Thelwall, Kayvan Kousha, Mahshid Abdoli et al.

International collaboration is sometimes encouraged in the belief that it generates higher quality research or is more capable of addressing societal problems. Nevertheless, while there is evidence that the journal articles of international teams tend to be more cited than average, perhaps from increased international audiences, there is no science-wide direct academic evidence of a connection between international collaboration and research quality. This article empirically investigates the connection between international collaboration and research quality for the first time, with 148,977 UK-based journal articles with post publication expert review scores from the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF). Using an ordinal regression model controlling for collaboration, international partners increased the odds of higher quality scores in 27 out of 34 Units of Assessment (UoAs) and all Main Panels. The results therefore give the first large scale evidence of the fields in which international co-authorship for articles is usually apparently beneficial. At the country level, the results suggests that UK collaboration with other high research-expenditure economies generates higher quality research, even when the countries produce lower citation impact journal articles than the United Kingdom. Worryingly, collaborations with lower research-expenditure economies tend to be judged lower quality, possibly through misunderstanding Global South research goals.

Anton Bakhtin, David J Wu, Adam Lerer et al.

No-press Diplomacy is a complex strategy game involving both cooperation and competition that has served as a benchmark for multi-agent AI research. While self-play reinforcement learning has resulted in numerous successes in purely adversarial games like chess, Go, and poker, self-play alone is insufficient for achieving optimal performance in domains involving cooperation with humans. We address this shortcoming by first introducing a planning algorithm we call DiL-piKL that regularizes a reward-maximizing policy toward a human imitation-learned policy. We prove that this is a no-regret learning algorithm under a modified utility function. We then show that DiL-piKL can be extended into a self-play reinforcement learning algorithm we call RL-DiL-piKL that provides a model of human play while simultaneously training an agent that responds well to this human model. We used RL-DiL-piKL to train an agent we name Diplodocus. In a 200-game no-press Diplomacy tournament involving 62 human participants spanning skill levels from beginner to expert, two Diplodocus agents both achieved a higher average score than all other participants who played more than two games, and ranked first and third according to an Elo ratings model.

Ofir Press, Muru Zhang, Sewon Min et al.

We investigate the ability of language models to perform compositional reasoning tasks where the overall solution depends on correctly composing the answers to sub-problems. We measure how often models can correctly answer all sub-problems but not generate the overall solution, a ratio we call the compositionality gap. We evaluate this ratio by asking multi-hop questions with answers that require composing multiple facts unlikely to have been observed together during pretraining. In the GPT-3 family of models, as model size increases we show that the single-hop question answering performance improves faster than the multi-hop performance does, therefore the compositionality gap does not decrease. This surprising result suggests that while more powerful models memorize and recall more factual knowledge, they show no corresponding improvement in their ability to perform this kind of compositional reasoning. We then demonstrate how elicitive prompting (such as chain of thought) narrows the compositionality gap by reasoning explicitly. We present a new method, self-ask, that further improves on chain of thought. In our method, the model explicitly asks itself (and answers) follow-up questions before answering the initial question. We finally show that self-ask's structured prompting lets us easily plug in a search engine to answer the follow-up questions, which additionally improves accuracy.

Javier Figuero Espadas

Ficha técnica: Miguel Ángel Huerta Floriano (editor) Editorial Tirant lo blanch Valencia, 2020 288 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1832-918-0

Yuxuan Wu, Yuxing Jiao, Yanzhen Zhao et al.

We employ a typical genetic circuit model to explore how noise can influence the dynamic structure. With the increase of a key interactive parameter, the model will deterministically go through two bifurcations and three dynamic structure regions. We find that a new quasi-periodic component, which is not allowed by deterministic dynamics, will be generated by noise inducing in the first two regions, and this quasi-period will be more and more stable along with the noise increasing. Especially, in the second region, the quasi-period will compete with a stable limit cycle and perform a new transient rhythm. Furthermore, we ascertain the entropy production rate (EPR) and the heat dissipation rate (HDR), and discover a minimal value with elucidating theoretically. In the end, we unveil the mechanism of the quasi-periods forming, and show a practical biological instance. We expect that this work is helpful to solve some biological or ecological problems, such as genetic origin of periodical cicadas and population dynamics with fluctuation.

Julian D. Cortes

This study compares the lexical structure of articles titles and abstracts of two extremes in MB (management-business research): the AMJ (Academy of Management Journal), one of its most revered periodicals, and Espacios, the one that unveiled a structural problem in Latin-American MB. Results showed significant differences in the median of titles length and abstracts readability and diversity as AMJ titles length was longer and abstracts both more diverse and readability-demanding.

Mette Bengtsson, Eva Mayerhöffer

William H. Press, John Hawkins

In the idealized Morgan model of crossover, we study the probability distributions of shared DNA (identical by descent) between individuals having a wide range of relationships (not just lineal descendants), especially cases for which previous work produces inaccurate results. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we show that a particular, complicated functional form with just one continuous fitted parameter accurately approximates the distributions in all cases tried. Analysis of that functional form shows that it is close to a normal distribution, not in shared fraction f, but in the square-root of f. We describe a multivariate normal model in this variable for use as a practical framework for several general tasks in forensic genealogy that are currently done by less-accurate and less well-founded methods.

V. G. Dubrovsky, A. V. Topovsky

We proposed general scheme for construction of exact real periodical solutions of mKP-1 equation via Zakharov-Manakov $\overline{\partial}$-dressing method, derived convenient determinant formula for calculation of such solutions and demonstrated how reality and boundary conditions for the field $u(x,y,t)$ can be satisfied. We calculated the new classes of exact periodical solutions of mKP-1 equation: 1. the class of nonsingular one-periodic solutions or nonlinear plane monochromatic waves; 2. the class of two-periodic solutions without imposition of any boundary condition; 3. the class of two-periodic solutions with integrable boundary condition $u(x,y,t)\mid_{y=0}=0$. We interpreted the third class of two-periodic solutions with integrable boundary condition obtained by the use of special nonlinear superpositions of two simple one-periodical waves as eigenmodes of oscillations of the field $u(x,y,t)$ in semi-plane $y\geq 0$, the analogs of standing waves on the string with fixed endpoints.

María Puchalt López

La rápida evolución de los sistemas de telecomunicación han convertido a los dispositivos móviles en instrumentos indispensables para la sociedad. El presente trabajo de investigación realiza una revisión de la evolución y la estructura del ecosistema móvil, analizando al mismo tiempo los principales actores que interactúan en el mismo e introduciendo aquellos de nueva generación. Por otra parte, también se lleva a cabo una revisión de los principales descriptores que influyen en la optimización y posicionamiento de las aplicaciones móviles en App Store (iOS) y Play Store (Android); lo que se conoce como ASO (App Store Optimization). Para llevar a cabo la investigación se han utilizado métodos de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo; además, el diseño de la investigación combina un análisis directo e indirecto de la realidad estudiada.

Isidoro Iván Cuesta, Emilio Martínez-Pañeda, Andrés Díaz et al.

Additive manufacturing is becoming a technique with great prospects for the production of components with new designs or shapes that are difficult to obtain by conventional manufacturing methods. One of the most promising techniques for printing metallic components is binder jetting, due to its time efficiency and its ability to generate complex parts. In this process, a liquid binding agent is selectively deposited to adhere the powder particles of the printing material. Once the metallic piece is generated, it undergoes a subsequent process of curing and sintering to increase its density (hot isostatic pressing). In this work, we propose subjecting the manufactured component to an additional post-processing treatment involving the application of a high hydrostatic pressure (5000 bar) at room temperature. This post-processing technique, so-called cold isostatic pressing (CIP), is shown to increase the yield load and the maximum carrying capacity of an additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel. The mechanical properties, with and without CIP processing, are estimated by means of the small punch test, a suitable experimental technique to assess the mechanical response of small samples. In addition, we investigate the porosity and microstructure of the material according to the orientations of layer deposition during the manufacturing process. Our observations reveal a homogeneous distribution independent of these orientations, evidencing thus an isotropic behaviour of the material.

Gutiérrez Delgado, R.

This article develops the notion of relationship described by Aristotle in his Órganon, in order to establish a cognitive foundation for audiovisual fiction. The discussion is framed in the context of a certain contention about the concept of reference, brought into question by theoretical approaches such as structuralism, semiotics, the field of cultural studies, and narratology. Concurrently, the application of the notion of relationship to the audiovisual object implies the creation of a dialogue between four of the essential works of Aristotle (Poetics, Nichomachean Ethics, Organ and Rhetoric), emphasizing the dramatic nature of audiovisual fiction over its narrative quality, while underscoring the concepts of need and verisimilitude as the main traits of its logical dimension. Through this study, the Aristotelian concept of mimesis praxeos is reviewed within the framework of representation, as opposed to the more limited interpretation of the Platonic mimesis, which is separated from praxis and consequently rejected as anti-philosophical (by way of the triple degradation of ideas.)

Marcelo Prates, Pedro Avelar, Luis C. Lamb

Recent developments in AI, Machine Learning and Robotics have raised concerns about the ethical consequences of both academic and industrial AI research. Leading academics, businessmen and politicians have voiced an increasing number of questions about the consequences of AI not only over people, but also on the large-scale consequences on the the future of work and employment, its social consequences and the sustainability of the planet. In this work, we analyse the use and the occurrence of ethics-related research in leading AI, machine learning and robotics venues. In order to do so we perform long term, historical corpus-based analyses on a large number of flagship conferences and journals. Our experiments identify the prominence of ethics-related terms in published papers and presents several statistics on related topics. Finally, this research provides quantitative evidence on the pressing ethical concerns of the AI community.