International practice theory (IPT) posits the primacy of empirics over theorisation, but what counts as empirical data? In this article, we discuss IPT scholars’ methodological preferences, specifically their prioritisation of ethnographic research over text-based analysis, the latter being understood as providing inferior access to practices. To contribute to a revision of IPT’s dismissive stance towards document analysis, we suggest bringing IPT in conversation with Critical Archival Studies (CAS) – a body of scholarship grounded in a relational and dynamic ontology of archives and committed to analyses of their embeddedness in politics and power relations. We argue that IPT can benefit from activating an analytical sensibility towards the archival practices of record-making, record-keeping and record-using. To support this argument and demonstrate its analytical value, we revisit official accounts of the interactions between interveners and the ‘targets of intervention’ during the United Nations’ Transitional Authority in Cambodia. Through an in-depth analysis of a unique archival collection of 835 Khmer-language letters the Cambodian people sent to Radio United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in 1993, we provide new perspectives on the people’s lived experiences during the intervention, while also illuminating the implications of archives in the enabling and justification of dominant intervention practices.
Muhammad Mohsin Hussain, Suleyman O. Altiparmak, Emre Hatipoglu
In the face of escalating climate challenges, the energy sector is increasingly investing in renewable projects. However, the implementation of utility-scale renewable energy initiatives is often hindered by public opposition. While previous research has offered detailed insights into the determinants of public acceptance generally, there remains scope for examining the impact of strategies that developers can employ to coalesce support for success at the local level. This study contributes with a comparative case study of two U.S. utility-scale projects: the Empire Wind offshore wind farm, which achieved success through proactive conflict resolution, and the Northern Pass hydroelectric transmission project, which was halted due to sustained local resistance. Our findings suggest the critical importance of community-centered conflict resolution strategies in garnering public support and facilitating the successful deployment of large-scale renewable energy projects.
Deep learning-based medical image processing methods can enhance diagnostic accuracy while significantly accelerating clinical decision workflows. However, in order to learn better visual representations, such approaches usually need substantial amount of expert-annotated data, which are highly costly. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach called Dual-Stream Contrastive Learning with Cross-Scale Token Projection (DCL-CsTP), which aims to enhance visual representations and transferable initializations. Specifically, a latent diffusion model (LDM) is leveraged to generate high-quality synthetic medical images in order to expand the dataset. Then we utilize the proposed dual-stream architecture that consists of a global semantic relations stream and a local detail relations stream to learn discriminative medical image representations from the dataset. Furthermore, a cross-scale token projection is designed to enable the model to capture various scales of focus in medical images. Comprehensive experiments are performed on two downstream tasks: medical image classification and segmentation. For multi-classification of pneumonia, our DCL-CsTP method achieves 95.90% accuracy. For lesions segmentation, our DCL-CsTP method attains 89.73% dice coefficient on the International Skin Imaging Collaboration 2018 (ISIC 2018) dataset and 82.50% dice coefficient on the Kvasir-SEG dataset. The performance superiority of the model pre-trained by DCL-CsTP is conclusively demonstrated through the above experiments on various dataset, which shows that DCL-CsTP can enhance diagnostic precision and alleviate radiologists’ image screening burdens.
Martin Gebser, Daniela Inclezan, Francesco Ricca
et al.
Since the first conference in Marseille in 1982, the International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP) has been the premier international event for presenting research in logic programming. These proceedings include the Technical Communications of the 41st ICLP, held on 12-19 September 2025 at the University of Calabria in Rende, Italy. The papers and extended abstracts in this volume address the following areas and topics: theoretical foundations, language design and programming methodologies, program analysis and optimization, applications and implementation methodologies. This volume features contributions to three submission tracks of ICLP 2025: the Main track, IJCAI fast track, and Recently Published Research track.
Duncan Cassells, Lorenzo Costantini, Ariel Flint Ashery
et al.
Food insecurity, defined as the lack of physical or economic access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, remains one of the main challenges of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food insecurity is a complex phenomenon, resulting from the interplay of environmental, socio-demographic, and political events. Previous work has investigated the nexus between climate change, conflict, migration and food security at the household level, however these relations are still largely unexplored at national scales. In this context, during the Complexity72h workshop, held at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid in June 2024, we explored the co-evolution of international migration flows and food insecurity at the national scale, accounting for remittances, as well as for changes in the economic, conflict, and climate situation. To this aim, we gathered data from several publicly available sources (Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank, and UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs) and analyzed the association between food insecurity and migration, migration and remittances, and remittances and food insecurity. We then propose a framework linking together these associations to model the co-evolution of food insecurity and international migrations.
This EPTCS volume contains the papers from the Sixth International Workshop on Formal Methods for Autonomous Systems (FMAS 2024), which was held between the 11th and 13th of November 2024. FMAS 2024 was co-located with 19th International Conference on integrated Formal Methods (iFM'24), hosted by the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, in the University of Manchester's Core Technology Facility.
The scholars keep on searching for a definition of a «national identity» concept, while many states are trying to understand the essence of their national identity, and Latin American countries are no exception. The states reconsider their attitudes towards their own history, their cultural roots. The Mexican artist Frida Kahlo has become a world-famous brand: books and articles are written about her, plays and ballets are dedicated to her, her image is placed on bags and clothes. Frida’s popularity can be explained by her peculiar painting style, which absorbed the key elements of national culture and reflected the Mexican people’s character. At the same time, not only did Frida absorb and vividly reflect the national identity of the country, but she herself also became a symbol, a myth of Mexico for both the Mexicans, and for the outside world. Frida Kahlo’s paintings represent various elements of the Mexican style of life, namely retablo, the national costume, Mexico’s nature, and the traditional beliefs and customs of the Indian peoples. Frida was a borderline painter: she looked forward, fighting for equality, for women’s rights, she was a member of the Communist Party; whereas as an artist, though using new, revolutionary forms of painting, she looked back to the history and traditions of her country.
We are delighted to welcome you to the new issue of the journal on the history of science and technology! This issue is unique as it explores diverse aspects of the development of science and technology in various countries and historical periods.
We invite you on an exciting journey through the pages of this issue, where you will find works by distinguished scientists such as Maryna Gutnyk, Florian Nürnberger, Tetiana Karmadonova, Natalya Pasichnyk, Renat Rizhniak, Нanna Deforzh, Liudmyla Zhuravlova, and many others. Their research covers various facets of history and technology.
The collaborative work by Maryna Gutnyk and Florian Nürnberger presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of the Fe-C diagram, tracing its historical development through the lenses of various scientific contributions over time. Their analysis underscores the rich history behind this diagram, highlighting the foundational studies dating back to the early 19th century, marking crucial milestones in understanding the carbon content in steel and its implications for industrial applications. The authors' meticulous use of comparative analysis, synthesis, and chronological examination sheds light on the gradual refinement and evolution of the Fe-C diagram. From the initial recognition of graphite as pure carbon to the establishment of phase diagrams through collaborative efforts at international congresses, the Fe-C diagram's progression intertwines with the advancements of the industrial revolution.
Tetiana Karmadonova's work on the migration trends of Ukrainian researchers from 1991 to 2023 provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted factors driving the migration of scientists from Ukraine to various destination countries, particularly against the backdrop of recent events in the country. The study delves into the intricate landscape of migration among Ukrainian researchers across different historical periods.
Natalya Pasichnyk, Renat Rizhniak, and Нanna Deforzh's meticulous study on the publications in the "Bulletin of Experimental Physics and Elementary Mathematics" from 1886 to 1917 offers invaluable insights into the organization, proceedings, and outcomes of domestic and international congresses of mathematicians and natural scientists during that period. Their research, focused on a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of these journal publications, sheds light on the pivotal role of these gatherings in the scientific and pedagogical realms
Liudmyla Zhuravlova's research on the evolution of techno-nationalism and the pivotal role of space in this phenomenon from the 1980s to the 2020s offers a compelling exploration into the intricate dynamics of technological advancements and their influence on international relations and national strategies. The article delves deeply into the theoretical comprehension of techno-nationalism, particularly examining its relationship with space policy and its relevance within the context of US-China relations. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from historical, economic, political sciences, and international relations theory, the research unravels the dichotomous evolution of techno-nationalism juxtaposed against techno-globalism. Zhuravlova's work accentuates the ongoing power struggle between the US and China within the space industry, amplifying the techno-nationalist dimensions within innovation systems.
Artemii Bernatskyi and Mykola Sokolovskyi's research presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) processes within the realm of metallurgy, spanning from the foundational theories of layer-by-layer manufacturing to the contemporary landscape of AM technologies. This work illuminates the rapid advancements within the AM sector, capturing the profound interest of the scientific community. It underscores the dual significance of AM technologies - not only as an alternative manufacturing method for existing structures but also as a gateway to crafting new, intricately complex structures unattainable through traditional methodologies. Through meticulous analysis and classification of prior studies focusing on technological advancements and implementations, the research establishes a structured approach towards comprehensively mapping the development of additive manufacturing technologies in various trajectories. As a result, the research proposes a systematic approach to formulate a comprehensive scheme for AM technology development, thereby offering a framework that navigates the intricate landscape of technological advancements in various directions.
Mykhailo Klymenko's meticulous study offers a comprehensive evaluation of Professor Tomasz Nikodem Ścibor-Rylski's pioneering contributions to the development of agricultural machinery testing during the latter half of the 19th century. This research sheds new light on Rylski's scientific endeavors and their significant impact on the evolution of agricultural equipment testing. Employing principles of historicism, scientific rigor, and objectivity, Klymenko utilizes historical-scientific methodologies, archival analysis, and generalization to present a nuanced understanding of Rylski's work. For the first time, archival documents are introduced, unveiling insights into the scientist's activities in advancing the field of agricultural machinery testing.
Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus, and Suffian Mansor's insightful study delves into the overlooked yet pivotal role of electricity, specifically facilitated by the Perak River Hydro-Electric Power Company (PRHEPC), in the tin-mining industry within Kinta Valley during the period of 1927 to 1940. The research illuminates the historical emergence of electricity as a dominant power source in the tin-mining industry of Colonial Malaya, a topic that has received minimal attention in Malaysian historiography.
Sana Simou, Khadija Baba, and Abderrahman Nounah's research represents a profound call to action amidst the urgent need to safeguard Morocco's cultural heritage, notably exemplified by the Marinid Madrasa within the Chellah archaeological site in Rabat. This research intricately weaves advanced technologies with a profound appreciation for the historical, social, and cultural significance of these sites. It charts a course that not only conserves architectural brilliance but also honors the profound stories encapsulated across epochs. Ultimately, it emerges as a blueprint for harmonizing the past with the present, ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage while embracing the imperatives of progress.
In his article, Oleh Strelko shows that the history of bridge construction is an important part of historical knowledge. Developments in bridge construction technology reflect not only engineering advances, but also social, economic and cultural aspects of society. Engineers and scientists faced unique challenges when designing and building bridges depending on the technological level of the era, available materials and the needs of society. This process may reflect technological progress, changes in transportation needs, and cultural and social changes. The purpose of this article is to briefly review key moments and stages in the history of metal bridge construction using welding technology in the 20th century.
We invite you on this exciting journey with our authors exploring the history of science, technology, and cultural heritage. May this issue broaden your knowledge and inspire new research endeavors!
History (General) and history of Europe, Science (General)
O presente artigo analisa a complexa relação entre jurisdição constitucional, o avanço de movimentos conservadores-reacionários e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais e das minorias em contextos democráticos, principalmente considerando o tão atacado direito à união homoafetiva. A pergunta, portanto, que norteia a investigação é: até que ponto a jurisdição constitucional brasileira protege o direito à união homoafetiva contra tentativas de retrocesso reacionário? A pesquisa se baseou em revisão de literatura e análise de casos legislativos. Os resultados destacam o papel vital da jurisdição constitucional na proteção dos direitos das minorias e a necessidade de equilibrar a autoridade judicial com a representação democrática. Conclui-se que a manutenção do “mínimo civilizatório” requer um compromisso constante com princípios democráticos, direitos humanos e inclusão social, mas não existe respostas definitivas ou mesmo uma proteção contra retrocessos no cenário atual.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, International relations
How does seismic risk influence individual disaster preparedness? Previous research demonstrates that differences in individual preparedness in at-risk communities can be attributed to a variety of individual-level characteristics such as disaster experience, risk perception and risk preferences, cognitive heuristics and biases, perception of hazards, and their ability to interpret information and understand probabilistic forecasts. However, less is known about how localized seismic risk affects individuals' preparedness for earthquakes. In this paper, we combine localized data about seismic risk with novel survey data from a sample of 680 Californian residents to test how individuals' seismic risks influence their individual preparedness for earthquakes. Our results demonstrate that seismic risk is positively associated with individual preparedness, while controlling for alternative explanations. On the other hand, household income is not a good predictor of individual earthquake preparedness. Our results demonstrate that individuals are generally responsive to the risks in their environment, while also providing several avenues for information campaigns to implement lessons from this study to further encourage preparedness.
We define and study a higher-dimensional version of model theoretic internality, and relate it to higher-dimensional definable groupoids in the base theory.
Enrique Arce-Larreta, Ketevi Assamagan, Emanuela Barzi
et al.
This Snowmass2021 Contributed Paper addresses the role of the Particle Physics community in creating and fostering international connections in American education. It describes the pressing need to introduce students and faculty to the challenges and rewards of international collaboration, not only to develop the next generation of scientists and engineers for particle physics, but to maintain and build U.S. leadership on an increasingly competitive world stage. We present and assess current efforts in education and public engagement with an eye toward identifying those activities in need of change or increased resources to improve audience reach and program efficacy. We also consider possible new activities that might improve upon or complement existing programs, with the common goal of providing all U.S. students with the opportunity to benefit from a quality international scientific experience.
Systems of cities at the macroscopic scale have their trajectories conditioned by the evolution of infrastructure networks. This leads to complex planning and management situations in the particular case of international transportation infrastructure projects. To understand such dynamics and anticipate future sustainable trajectories, we introduce a co-evolution model between cities and transportation networks at the international scale, which simulates network growth by including transportation governance. The model is applied to synthetic systems of cities and the parameter space systematically explored, showing strong interactions between urban dynamics and governance structure. We also study optimisation patterns as compromises between construction cost and accessibility gain, with possible future applications to sustainable long-term planning of international transport projects.
Grischa Fraumann, Rogerio Mugnaini, Elias Sanz-Casado
Conferences are deeply connected to research fields, in this case bibliometrics. As such, they are a venue to present and discuss current and innovative research, and play an important role for the scholarly community. In this article, we provide an overview on the history of conferences in bibliometrics. We conduct an analysis to list the most prominent conferences that were announced in the newsletter by ISSI, the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics. Furthermore, we describe how conferences are connected to learned societies and journals. Finally, we provide an outlook on how conferences might change in future.
Communities on the planet are faced with complex challenges: changing relations within and between human communities, changing relations with ecological and climatic conditions, and shifts in technology-human interconnections. The complex interconnections across issue areas – migration, environmental degradation and new technologies, for example – demand that scholars increasingly think across theories, paradigms, specialisms and disciplines. But how should we ‘hold things together’ as we try to make sense of complex realities in International Relations (IR)? This introductory article to the Special Issue ‘Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future’ discusses the open thematic of ‘human interconnections’ that is used to loosely structure the contributions. Analysis of human interconnections, as understood here, does not have a precise or fixed definition but is considered an open-ended notion with varied meanings and dimensions. Indeed, the authors engage it here in varied ways to explore their empirical, theoretical and political concerns. Yet, this notion also allows for interesting new questions to be posed on the potential and limits of IR as it faces the future, and debates around how we see interconnections between issue areas and ‘-isms’, how IR constructs ‘humans’ or ‘non-humans’ in interconnections, and what is at stake in bringing to our attention unacknowledged interconnections. Here we set out why human interconnection is an interesting notion to work with and why we need to keep its meaning open-ended. We also provide an account of six different orientations we observe amongst the authors tackling the dynamics of human interconnections in this Special Issue.
Over the past two years (2018-2020), the Turkish leadership has demonstrated the increasing rigidity of its foreign policy. This occurs both on diplomatic platforms and through military intervention in conflicts near the Turkish borders (in Syria, Iraq, Libya, in the Eastern Mediterranean, in the South Caucasus). The entourage of R.T. Erdogan openly declares his readiness to defend his interests, affirming a new role for Turkey in the regions geographically adjacent to the European Union. As a result of this policy, tensions in Ankara's relations with Brussels are noticeably increasing, both within the framework of the North Alliance (NATO) and in relation to Turkey's partnership agreements with the EU. The article emphasizes that the Turkish leadership, nevertheless, tries not to cross the "red lines" indicated by Brussels, which allows it to maintain the formal framework of partnership with the EU, despite the growing potential for conflict between the parties. The author of the article concludes that today a new model of interaction is being formed in relations between Ankara and Brussels, when the consequences of the internal political transformation in Turkey begin to influence the mechanism of NATO's functioning and its partnership with the EU.
El presente ensayo trata de explicar el "excepcionalismo" de Chile en América Latina, basado en sus características de orden y estabilidad en un continente inestable. Para ello se analizan características históricas, sociales, políticas y geográficas de Chile.
This paper offers an account of Chile's "exepcionalism" in Latín America: its mentally of order and political and economic stability, which stand out among the other Latin American countries. ln order to explain the peculiarities of che Chilean case, the author analyzes the historical, social, political and geographic characteristics of Chile.
Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation focuses specifically on the quantitative social research designs. The main objective of the book is the introduction of main elements in conducting research in social sciences. Moreover, it provides an appropriate review on issues that students, professors, and researchers of social sciences face in designing their research or thesis. Using technical terms of research methodology, unambiguous diction, and comprehensive elaboration all prove the efficiency of the author in writing such a scientific work. Most of the book has the sufficient literature review and its evolution. The author, Norman Blaikie, starts his introduction with preliminaries of research and its details. Introducing The Logic of Anticipation, pointing out the role of theory in social sciences research, and providing critical understanding of research principles are among main objectives of this book. Finally, the book presents four topics related to social research as examples for research in four paradigms (inductive, deductive, reproductive, and abductive).
Indo-Iranian languages and literature, General Works
En español
El autor se propone los siguientes objetivos: 1) Examinar la viabilidad de la idea de una compensación económica a los habitantes de las Islas Malvinas como parte de una posible solución al conflicto en torno a la soberanía del archipiélago. 2) Establecer los puntos que deberían ser tenidos en cuenta en una eventual propuesta argentina de solución al conflicto que, tomando como base las sugerencias de los artículos del economista inglés Alan Walters, resulte viable y acorde con nuestros intereses nacionales. 3) Señalar los beneficios que para las diferentes partes involucradas, implicaría una propuesta como la sugerida. 4) Evaluar los fundamentos de las críticas formuladas a los responsables de la política exterior argentina a partir de su manifiesto interés en la idea de la compensación económica.
En inglés
The author aims at the following objetives: 1) To examine the viability of the idea of economic compensation to the Malvinas Islands inhabitants, as the portion of a possible solution to the conflict on their soverignty. 2) To set up the points wich should be taken into account in a potential Argentinian proposal for the solution to the conflict. Such proposal, being based on the suggestions made by the English economist Alan Walters in the articles, sould prove to the viable and suitable to our national interests. 3) To point out the benefits such proposal would bring about for both parts in the conflicts. 4) To evaluate the basis of criticism aimed at those charge of Argentinian Foreing Affairs taking as the sstarting point their clear interest in the idea of economic compensation.