Hasil untuk "History of Spain"

José Antonio Mérida Donoso

Este artículo propone una aproximación crítica a la denominada literatura neorrural, entendida no como un género consolidado, sino como una categoría operativa y en disputa dentro de las literaturas de la ruralidad. Se examinan las formas en que lo rural se representa, resignifica y transforma en el marco de las nuevas ruralidades, considerando tanto la reactualización de las migraciones como la problemática de la España despoblada. Se advierte, además, cómo la instrumentalización editorial del término ha favorecido su difusión, pero también su indefinición, lo que obliga a replantear su alcance y utilidad. El objetivo no es zanjar su definición, sino proponer un marco que identifique tensiones, identidades e intenciones narrativas. A partir del análisis de diversas obras y enfoques teóricos, se subraya su potencial como dispositivo simbólico, herramienta cultural y recurso didáctico, destacando sus conexiones transnacionales y su valor en la construcción de imaginarios contemporáneos.

Estefanía Martínez-Valdivia, M. Carmen Pegalajar-Palomino, Diana Amber-Montes

AbstractThis paper examines the social and academic effects of dialogic pedagogical gatherings (DPG) on sustainable development training for Education degree students at university. The quantitative study employs a descriptive, correlational, and inferential research methodology, utilizing a questionnaire with 325 respondents to assess the impact of DPG. Students assign high scores to the methodology’s influence on their formative process, with a notable emphasis on the academic environment by comparison with social impact. Gender analysis reveals that women attribute more favorable scores, particularly in ‘Student-context interaction’ and ‘Participation’. Strong correlations exist between themes assessing social and academic impacts of DPG, highlighting certain themes’ predictive capacity. These findings underscore the significance of DPG as successful and pertinent actions for sustainable curricula, particularly in Education degrees.

Ian Brooks, Laura Harrison, Mark Reeves et al.

This research explores the use of History to enhance education in the field of ICT For Sustainability ICT4S in response to a challenge from the ICT4S 2023 conference. No previous studies were found in ICT4S but the literature on History and Education for Sustainable Development is reviewed. An ICT4S lecturer collaborated with History lecturers to add an historic parallel to each weeks teaching on a Sustainable Business and Computing unit for final year undergraduate BSc Business Computing students. A list of the topics and rationale is provided. Student perceptions were surveyed before and after the teaching and semi-structured interviews carried out. A majority of students saw relevance to their degree and career. There was an increase in the proportion of students with interest in History. The paper explores the lessons learned from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including topic choice, format and perceived value. The project has enhanced the way we approach our subjects as computing and history educators. We believe this is the first empirical, survey-based study of the use of history to enhance ICT4S education. The team will extend the research to a larger unit covering a wider range of computing degrees.

Julio Urizarna-Carasa, Daniel Ruprecht, Alexandra von Kameke et al.

The movement of small but finite spherical particles in a fluid can be described by the Maxey-Riley equation (MRE) if they are too large to be considered passive tracers. The MRE contains an integral "history term" modeling wake effects, which causes the force acting on a particle at some given time to depend on its full past trajectory. The history term causes complications in the numerical solution of the MRE and is therefore often neglected, despite both numerical and experimental evidence that its effects are generally not negligible. By numerically computing trajectories with and without the history term of a large number of particles in different flow fields, we investigate its impact on the large-scale Lagrangian dynamics of simulated particles. We show that for moderate to large Stokes numbers, ignoring the history term leads to significant differences in clustering patterns. Furthermore, we compute finite-time Lyapunov exponents and show that, even for small particles, the differences in the resulting scalar field from ignoring the BHT can be significant, in particular if the underlying flow is turbulent.

Jaan Janno

Inverse problems for a diffusion equation containing a generalized fractional derivative are studied. The equation holds in a time interval $(0,T)$ and it is assumed that a state $u$ (solution of diffusion equation) and a source $f$ are known for $t\in (t_0,T)$ where $t_0$ is some number in $(0,T)$. Provided that $f$ satisfies certain restrictions, it is proved that product of a kernel of the derivative with an elliptic operator as well as the history of $f$ for $t\in (0,t_0)$ are uniquely recovered. In case of less restrictions on $f$ the uniqueness of the kernel and the history of $f$ is shown. Moreover, in a case when a functional of $u$ for $t\in (t_0,T)$ is given the uniqueness of the kernel is proved under unknown history of $f$.

Serge Buj

Michael Gref, Nike Matthiesen, Christoph Schmidt et al.

Automatic speech recognition systems have accomplished remarkable improvements in transcription accuracy in recent years. On some domains, models now achieve near-human performance. However, transcription performance on oral history has not yet reached human accuracy. In the present work, we investigate how large this gap between human and machine transcription still is. For this purpose, we analyze and compare transcriptions of three humans on a new oral history data set. We estimate a human word error rate of 8.7% for recent German oral history interviews with clean acoustic conditions. For comparison with recent machine transcription accuracy, we present experiments on the adaptation of an acoustic model achieving near-human performance on broadcast speech. We investigate the influence of different adaptation data on robustness and generalization for clean and noisy oral history interviews. We optimize our acoustic models by 5 to 8% relative for this task and achieve 23.9% WER on noisy and 15.6% word error rate on clean oral history interviews.

Víctor Manuel Amado Castro

Desde su nacimiento hace veinte años el Instituto de Historia Social Valentín de Foronda ha dado cobertura tanto académica como laboral a varias promociones de profesionales de la historia. En el presente artículo se hace un somero repaso de este conjunto de profesionales que han desarrollado su labor en el Instituto cuya evolución se puede seguir a través de este relato prosopográfico sobre sus investigadores e investigadoras. Esta exposición termina aportando una serie de conclusiones y algunos retos que en el siglo XXI aborda el Instituto de Historia Social Valentín de Foronda.

Radin Dardashti

No-go theorems have played an important role in the development and assessment of scientific theories. They have stopped whole research programs and have given rise to strong ontological commitments. Given the importance they obviously have had in physics and philosophy of physics and the huge amount of literature on the consequences of specific no-go theorems, there has been relatively little attention to the more abstract assessment of no-go theorems as a tool in theory development. We will here provide this abstract assessment of no-go theorems and conclude that the methodological implications one may draw from no-go theorems are in disagreement with the implications that have often been drawn from them in the history of science.

K. Loewenstein

Fascism a World Movement. Fascism is no longer an isolated incident in the individual history of a few countries. It has developed into a universal movement which in its seemingly irresistible surge is comparable to the rising of European liberalism against absolutism after the French Revolution. In one form or another, it covers today more areas and peoples in Europe and elsewhere than are still faithful to constitutional government. Fascism's pattern of political organization presents a variety of shades. One-party-controlled dictatorships rule outright in Italy, Germany, Turkey, and, if Franco wins, also Spain. The so-called “authoritarian” states may be classified as belonging to the one-party or multiple-party type. To the one-party authoritarian group, without genuine representative institutions, adhere at present Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, and Portugal; while Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Latvia, and Lithuania may be classed together as authoritarian states of the multiple-party type, with a semblance of parliamentary institutions.

Jornet i Benito, Núria, Grailles, Bénédicte

Objectives: Our starting-point is the idea that we are at a decisive moment in the history of memories of feminisms; an archival turn, to use Kate Eichhorn's expression. Our objectives are, first, to redefine the characteristics of this archival turn by analysing examples of centres, and the projects of documentary and archival resource centres, in Spain and France in the 1990s and 2000s; second, to contextualized them regarding the evolution of archival concepts and practices, and third, to consider whether there is a dual paradoxical movement between institutionalization and community activism. -- Methodology: To test our starting hypothesis, we review the literature applying a strongly interdisciplinary approach: feminist and gender studies, archival studies, French Theory, and cultural studies. We base ourselves on case studies in Spain and France in order to make relevant comparisons. -- Results: The first observation we should make is that there is a continuity between the second and third feminist waves in relation to the issue of archives. The second is that there is a turn in the world of archives, but with original features: between reactivation and intensification, between institutionalization and autonomy, these feminist archival activisms have to do with both majority and minority feminisms. Exploring archives belongs more than ever to the repertoire of feminist actions. The third observation is the existence of communities that are heavily supported by feminist archival initiatives.

Shubham Agarwal, Trung Bui, Joon-Young Lee et al.

Visual Dialog involves "understanding" the dialog history (what has been discussed previously) and the current question (what is asked), in addition to grounding information in the image, to generate the correct response. In this paper, we show that co-attention models which explicitly encode dialog history outperform models that don't, achieving state-of-the-art performance (72 % NDCG on val set). However, we also expose shortcomings of the crowd-sourcing dataset collection procedure by showing that history is indeed only required for a small amount of the data and that the current evaluation metric encourages generic replies. To that end, we propose a challenging subset (VisDialConv) of the VisDial val set and provide a benchmark of 63% NDCG.

Jihn E. Kim

In this historic Lomonosov conference on the occasion of 150 year anniversary of the Mendeleev's periodic table, I present the history of neutrino magnetic moment. It was first thought by Wolfgang Pauli and its magnitude was calculated during the gauge theory era.

José Luis Ramírez Luengo, Santiago Flores Sigg, Adriana Gutiérrez Bello

Despite of its obvious interest, the history of the Spanish language in the Philippines Islands is still an unattended matter. That’s why it is necessary to carry out more studies in order to draw an accurate profile of this specific linguistic variety in the past. This study attempts to make a contribution to the general knowledge of the Philippines Spanish lexicon through the analysis of some elements that appear in an 18th century corpus. In order to achieve this goal, three specific issues will be studied: a) indigenisms borrowed from the indigenous languages of the archipelago; b) words undergoing a semantic adaptation in order to fit in its new geographical environment; c) lexical items from New Spain which are transferred to the Philippines due to the historical bonds between these two regions.

M. Clavero, C. Nores, S. Kubersky-Piredda et al.

Anna Samoilenko, Florian Lemmerich, Katrin Weller et al.

Portrayals of history are never complete, and each description inherently exhibits a specific viewpoint and emphasis. In this paper, we aim to automatically identify such differences by computing timelines and detecting temporal focal points of written history across languages on Wikipedia. In particular, we study articles related to the history of all UN member states and compare them in 30 language editions. We develop a computational approach that allows to identify focal points quantitatively, and find that Wikipedia narratives about national histories (i) are skewed towards more recent events (recency bias) and (ii) are distributed unevenly across the continents with significant focus on the history of European countries (Eurocentric bias). We also establish that national historical timelines vary across language editions, although average interlingual consensus is rather high. We hope that this paper provides a starting point for a broader computational analysis of written history on Wikipedia and elsewhere.

George A. Kennedy

Timothy J. Power

This article revisits the 21-year military dictatorship in Brazil to examine how it shaped subsequent democratic politics after the transition to civilian rule in 1985. In particular, six legacies are analysed. The paper begins by focusing on the relative legitimacy of the Brazilian military regime when compared to other dictatorships in the Southern Cone. The article then examines several variables which impact on the way politics has played out between 1985 and 2014: a high level of continuity of personnel inherited from the military period, an accentuated commitment to civil liberties (as in the Constitution of 1988), a more robust level of political competition compared to the pre-coup years, and a delayed but increasingly meaningful consideration of transitional justice issues. The article concludes by noting how mass mobilization (the street) engendered the collapse of the military regime in 1983-1984, and how this strategy of collective action has been repeated on several occasions under democracy.

Pedro Ribet

Alicia Montesinos‐Navarro, Alicia Montesinos‐Navarro, J. Wig et al.