Hasil untuk "History of Poland"

Monika Agopsowicz, Krzysztof Stopka, Andrzej A. Zięba

Krzysztof Łukasiewicz

Paul K. Kazaba, Lars Kulik, Ghislain B. Beukou Choumbou et al.

ABSTRACT Ongoing ecosystem change and biodiversity decline across the Afrotropics call for tools to monitor the state of biodiversity or ecosystem elements across extensive spatial and temporal scales. We assessed relationships in the co‐occurrence patterns between great apes and other medium to large‐bodied mammals to evaluate whether ape abundance serves as a proxy for mammal diversity across broad spatial scales. We used camera trap footage recorded at 22 research sites, each known to harbor a population of chimpanzees, and some additionally a population of gorillas, across 12 sub‐Saharan African countries. From ~350,000 1‐min camera trap videos recorded between 2010 and 2016, we estimated mammalian community metrics, including species richness, Shannon diversity, and mean animal mass. We then fitted Bayesian Regression Models to assess potential relationships between ape detection rates (as proxy for ape abundance) and these metrics. We included site‐level protection status, human footprint, and precipitation variance as control variables. We found that relationships between detection rates of great apes and other mammal species, as well as animal mass were largely positive. In contrast, relationships between ape detection rate and mammal species richness were less clear and differed according to site protection and human impact context. We found no clear association between ape detection rate and mammal diversity. Our findings suggest that chimpanzees hold potential as indicators of specific elements of mammalian communities, especially population‐level and composition‐related characteristics. Declines in chimpanzee populations may indicate associated declines of sympatric medium to large‐bodied mammal species and highlight the need for improved conservation interventions.Changes in chimpanzee abundance likely precede extirpation of sympatric mammals.

Agata Walczak-Niewiadomska

Izbica Kujawska, miasto znajdujące się obecnie w obrębie województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, na przestrzeni wieków przechodziło wiele zmian administracyjnych, demograficznych, społecznych i kulturowych. Ze względu na niewielkie znaczenie historyczne i gospodarcze, zwłaszcza na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, nie było obiektem wielu dociekań naukowych, zapewne również ze względu na brak dostępnych źródeł informacji. Lukę tę ma szansę wypełnić skrupulatna analiza zawartości czasopism ukazujących się wówczas na terenach administracyjnie i wyznaniowo włączających Izbicę, zawierających wzmianki różnego charakteru na temat miejscowości. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników takiej właśnie analizy przeprowadzonej na podstawie pierwszych kilku lat wydawania „Gazety Kaliskiej” i prześledzenia na jej łamach wydarzeń, jakie miały miejsce w Izbicy Kujawskiej pod koniec XIX wieku.

Aksak-Wąs B, Karasińska-Cieślak M, Parczewski M

Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak, Miłosz Parczewski Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandCorrespondence: Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Email bogusz.aksak.was@pum.edu.plAbstract: This case report provides data on unique challenges related to amoebiasis diagnostics and treatment in non-endemic regions. The presented case report is focused a 28-year-old male patient of Indian origin, temporarily living in Poland, who was diagnosed with an amoebic liver abscess. The patient presented with a range of non-specific symptoms including shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever. The differential diagnosis included cardio-pulmonary diseases, a range of tropical diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, bacterial abscesses, and malignancies, necessitating a comprehensive, multi-modal diagnostic approach. This approach included an extensive review of patient history, physical examination, and various laboratory and imaging investigations. A further challenge in this case was the unavailability of standard cysticidal treatments in Poland, which required individualized therapeutic strategy. Despite these obstacles, the patient was successfully treated using an alternative regimen of intravenous metronidazole, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, chloroquine, and finally, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (treatment with metronidazole was used as a base drug, due to the lack of typical cysticidal treatment, an alternative treatment was added: chloroquine is a recommended drug used in the treatment of pregnant patients, in addition, doxycycline showed in vitro activity against Entamoeba histolytica). This therapeutic journey underscored the value of adaptability in treatment protocols, particularly in regions where certain resources may not be readily available. This case report underlines the importance of broadening the differential diagnosis in non-endemic regions to include tropical diseases, particularly in the context of increasing global travel and migration. It also highlights the significance of employing comprehensive diagnostic strategies and adaptable treatment protocols in such scenarios. In addition, the report reiterates the need for global collaboration and education among healthcare providers to effectively manage tropical diseases, especially in non-endemic regions. Through its exploration of the complexities associated with diagnosing and managing amebiasis in a non-endemic region, this report offers valuable insights to clinicians worldwide.Keywords: amoebiasis, non endemic region, abscess, tropical disease

Henryka Karolewska

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie w oparciu o nieliczne materiały z prasy krajowej i polonijnej amerykańskiej z końca XIX w. postaci zapomnianego dziś prawnika, dziennikarza i podróżnika. Aleksander Marek Jawornicki, urodzony w 1847 r. Radomiu, ukończył studia prawnicze, ale krótko pracował w zawodzie. Od 1874 r. współpracował m.in. z dziennikiem „Kaliszanin”, publikując nowele, obrazki, humoreski, recenzje. W 1887 r. wziął udział w podróży badawczej do Afryki zachodniej, kierowanej przez Leopolda Janikowskiego. Po powrocie publikował w prasie polskiej listy, szkice, nowele i powieści oparte na wrażeniach z wyprawy, był też w 1892 r. redaktorem „Kaliszanina”. W 1896 r. wyjechał do Ameryki i osiedlił się w Chicago. Był redaktorem dziennika polonijnego „Katolik”, później prowadził aptekę w Milwaukee, był lekarzem w stanie Michigan oraz księdzem Kościoła Polskokatolickiego w Chicago. Zmarł tam w 1900 r.

Agata Chudzicka-Czupała, Nadiya Hapon, Soon-Kiat Chiang et al.

Abstract Ukraine has been embroiled in an increasing war since February 2022. In addition to Ukrainians, the Russo-Ukraine war has affected Poles due to the refugee crisis and the Taiwanese, who are facing a potential crisis with China. We examined the mental health status and associated factors in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan. The data will be used for future reference as the war is still ongoing. From March 8 to April 26, 2022, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS)-21 item scale; post-traumatic stress symptoms by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and coping strategies by the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE). We used multivariate linear regression to identify factors significantly associated with DASS-21 and IES-R scores. There were 1626 participants (Poland: 1053; Ukraine: 385; Taiwan: 188) in this study. Ukrainian participants reported significantly higher DASS-21 (p < 0.001) and IES-R (p < 0.01) scores than Poles and Taiwanese. Although Taiwanese participants were not directly involved in the war, their mean IES-R scores (40.37 ± 16.86) were only slightly lower than Ukrainian participants (41.36 ± 14.94). Taiwanese reported significantly higher avoidance scores (1.60 ± 0.47) than the Polish (0.87 ± 0.53) and Ukrainian (0.91 ± 0.5) participants (p < 0.001). More than half of the Taiwanese (54.3%) and Polish (80.3%) participants were distressed by the war scenes in the media. More than half (52.5%) of the Ukrainian participants would not seek psychological help despite a significantly higher prevalence of psychological distress. Multivariate linear regression analyses found that female gender, Ukrainian and Polish citizenship, household size, self-rating health status, past psychiatric history, and avoidance coping were significantly associated with higher DASS-21 and IES-R scores after adjustment of other variables (p < 0.05). We have identified mental health sequelae in Ukrainian, Poles, and Taiwanese with the ongoing Russo-Ukraine war. Risk factors associated with developing depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress symptoms include female gender, self-rating health status, past psychiatric history, and avoidance coping. Early resolution of the conflict, online mental health interventions, delivery of psychotropic medications, and distraction techniques may help to improve the mental health of people who stay inside and outside Ukraine.

Michael M. Shara, Alec M. Lessing, Rebekah Hounsell et al.

M87 has been monitored with a cadence of 5 days over a span of 9 months through the near-ultraviolet (NUV; F275W) and optical (F606W) filters of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) of the Hubble Space Telescope. This unprecedented dataset yields the NUV and optical light and color curves of 94 M87 novae, characterizing the outburst and decline properties of the largest extragalactic nova dataset in the literature (after M31 and M81). We test and confirm nova modelers’ prediction that recurrent novae cannot erupt more frequently than once every 45 days, show that there are zero rapidly recurring novae in the central ∼1/3 of M87 with recurrence times <130 days, demonstrate that novae closely follow the K -band light of M87 to within a few arcsecs of the galaxy nucleus, show that nova NUV light curves are as heterogeneous as their optical counterparts, and usually peak 5–30 days after visible light maximum, determine our observations’ annual detection completeness to be 71%–77%, and measure the rate R _nova of nova eruptions in M87 as ${352}_{-37}^{+37}$ yr ^−1 . The corresponding luminosity-specific classical nova rate for this galaxy is ${7.91}_{-1.20}^{+1.20}/\mathrm{yr}/{10}^{10}\,{L}_{\odot }{,}_{{\rm{K}}}$ . These rates confirm that ground-based observations of extragalactic novae miss most faint, fast novae and those near the centers of galaxies. An annual M87 nova rate of 300 or more seems inescapable. A luminosity-specific nova rate of ∼7–10/yr/10 ^10 L _⊙ , _K in all types of galaxies is indicated by the data available in 2023.

A. Wójtowicz, Małgorzata Zembala-Szczerba, D. Babczyk et al.

Recently, the diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia have been changed. No studies are available in the literature that analyzed in detail the differences between early-onset preeclampsia (EOP) and late-onset preeclampsia (LOP), taking into account the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) criteria. Thus, we sought to retrospectively investigate in detail the differences in clinical and laboratory outcomes between EOP and LOP diagnosed according to the ISSHP criteria. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 214 women with singleton pregnancies and preeclampsia admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology of the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland, from 2013 to 2017 (113 (52.8%) women with EOP and 101 (47.2%) women with LOP). Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographics and medical history, laboratory tests, and delivery and neonatal data. Patients with preeclampsia accounted for 1.7% of the women who delivered during the study period. The EOP and LOP groups did not differ in the distribution of risk factors for preeclampsia. The most common risk factor was primiparity, which was observed in 72.0% of cases. Regarding the ISSHP diagnostic criteria, the two groups differed in the incidence of fetal growth restriction (p=0.0009), hemolysis (p=0.0416), and neurological complications (p=00342), which were found more often in the EOP group. In addition, the EOP group had more frequent occurrence of severe cardiorespiratory (p < 0.0001) and hematological (p=0.0127) complications, adverse fetoplacental conditions (p < 0.0001), and severe fetoplacental complications (p=0.0003). Children born to women with EOP had lower Apgar scores (p < 0.001) and higher rates of intraventricular hemorrhage (p < 0.0001), respiratory disorders requiring mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001), and early (p=0.0004) and late sepsis (p=0.002). EOP differed from LOP in terms of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. The observed higher rates of fetoplacental adverse conditions and severe complications indicate a significant contribution of impaired placentation to the etiopathogenesis of EOP.

Maciej Żaczek, Andrzej Górski, Beata Weber-Dąbrowska et al.

The year 2020 marked 15 years of the Phage Therapy Unit in Poland, the inception of which took place just one year after Poland’s accession to the European Union (2004). At first sight, it is hard to find any connection between these two events, but in fact joining the European Union entailed the need to adapt the regulatory provisions concerning experimental treatment in humans to those that were in force in the European Union. These changes were a solid foundation for the first phage therapy center in the European Union to start its activity. As the number of centers conducting phage therapy in Europe and in the world constantly and rapidly grows, we want to grasp the opportunity to take a closer look at the over 15-year operation of our site by analyzing its origins, legal aspects at the local and international levels and the impressive number and diversity of cases that have been investigated and treated during this time. This article is a continuation of our work published in 2020 summarizing a 100-year history of the development of phage research in Poland.

Panecki Tomasz

The plan of Kalisz by Andrzej Politalski is the oldest geometrically accurate depiction of the town. Compiled in 1785, it has survived to this day in a redrawing by Ottomar Wolle in 1878 at the scale of 1:3,000. The author discusses the process of developing the edition of Politalski’s plan for the “Kalisz” volume of the Historic Towns Atlas (HTA) and compares it with editions in other volumes. The most recent (2021) volumes developed in three different centres were chosen as comparative material: Biecz volume (Kraków); Fordon, 2nd edition (Toruń); and Racibórz (Wrocław). Each volume adopts different editorial rules, although, in general, they conform to the overarching principles of redrawing a map at the scale of 1:2,500. The differences touch on virtually all aspects (source material, scope of content, non-cartographic elements), but they are united by the aforementioned common scale and purpose. Developing the edition of Politalski’s plan was preceded by genetic analysis and the identification of filiation of its remaining copies. The original (1785) has not survived, nor has the first redrawing (1800). We only have a redrawing by Wolle (1878), which was the basis for the development of the plan for the HTA. In addition to this, we also have several other less significant versions. Politalski’s plan was georeferenced, its content was vectorised, and cartographical representation was created. The result has been put together with selected editions elaborated to date. A distinctive feature of the work on the “Kalisz” volume is the use of a redrawing of the original as a source plan, as it is – in fact – its historical edition. The author also draws attention to the issues of standardisation of data models and, consequently, of legends between particular volumes.

Galina Miškinienė

The Parliament (Seimas) of the Republic of Lithuania the year 2021 declared as the year of the history and culture of Lithuanian Tatars. Lithuanian Tatars have left a bright footprint in the history of Lithuania, and they are a part of its history as well. The descendants of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania live in three countries: Lithuania, Belarus and Poland, and their compatriots – in Crimea, Tatarstan and Turkey. Among the events of the commemorating programme of the Year of the History and Culture of Lithuanian Tatars, which was approved by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, is the international scientific conference “Tatars in the History and Culture of Lithuania from the 14th to the 21st Centuries: the latest researches”, which took place on the 9th–11th of September 2021 at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University live and remotely. International conferences, dedicated to the research of Lithuanian Tatar history, culture, writing and religion, are being organized periodically in Lithuania. As well as at the other conferences, the manuscript heritage (kitabistics) of Lithuanian Tatars – the field of researches, which is being the mostly developed – was discussed at this conference too.

Eric Aunoble

Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy were the most promoted “divinities” in Soviet popular culture. The two leaders also had valuable characteristics for propagandising the “friendship of peoples” between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of Poland: Lenin had lived two years in the Krakow region whereas Polish revolutionary Dzerzhinskiy became a statesman in Soviet Russia. Between the 1960s and 1980s, Soviets and Poles coproduced three movies featuring Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy as transnational heroes: Lenin in Poland, by Sergey Yutkevich and Evgeniy Gabrilovich (1966), No Identification Marks (1979–1980) and Fiasco of Operation “Terror” (1981–1983) by Anatoliy Bobrovskiy and Yulian Semënov. The paper considers the interactions between Soviet and Polish professionals during the preparation, the shooting, and the release of these movies as examples of the “Statesocialist Mode of Production” and of its “micro-politics” (Szczepanik 2013). In the 1960s, Soviets and Poles officially got along well at the ideological level. Yet a muffled antagonism continued about the representation of their nation. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, revolutionary history about Dzezhinsiy was a mere setting for mainstream movies. Once political issues had been driven to the background, the professional advantage of joint movie productions became more obvious. Co-production offered professionals multiple opportunities: to enjoy tourism abroad, go shopping, improve skills by working with foreign colleagues and cutting-edge technologies. Although the involvement of some might have been motivated by personal interests, both countries ended up benefiting from the joint projects.

Leszek Janusz Jodliński

In 2012 politicians and some historians blocked the first (after 1989) permanent exhibition of the history of Upper Silesia. Its history turned out to be much more controversial and went beyond the framework of storytelling in a museum. Guidelines of the exhibition scenario have been consulted from 2010 with specialists and in the course of focus surveys. Result of the research and experts’ opinions defined modern history (19th and 20th c.) as key period for understanding the heritage of the region. The authors of the project wanted to replace national and regional myths by new categories of two leading universal interpretation such as modernity and industrialization The authors wanted to show the history of Silesia from the perspective of Poland, Germany and Czechia for their cultural presence etc. was significant in its history. The project was rejected and the script resigned from a multinational and European perspective.

Volodymyr Latenko

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and functioning of the Visegrad Group as a regional entity, which not only did not cease activities after achieving the goal of Atlantic and European integration, but also successfully develops it, already being a member of NATO and the European Union. Based on the use of a broad documentary framework, in particular, protocols and declarations as a result of meetings of various levels within the framework of the Visegrad Group, analyzed and identifies the concrete stages of its development and interaction with Ukraine in a wide range of components that form the essence of Euro-Atlantic integration. On concrete examples, it was illustrated that Ukraine has always been in the field of key interests of the Visegrad Four, received effective help and support from her side in a variety of forms. It is not just about practical issues of regional cooperation and security, but also about the many aspects of the value and civilization dimension. The participating countries of the Visegrad Group, having become the initiators of the “B4 + Ukraine” cooperation format, have never stood apart from the most important processes and transitional stages, through which Ukraine passed on its way to becoming and self-determination. The opinion is upheld, that the experience gained by the member countries of the Visegrad format is relevant and useful for Ukraine and today on the way of implementing its Euro-Atlantic integration aspirations. Despite the existing difficulties both within the European Union and between Ukraine and individual signatory countries of the Visegrad Declaration of 1991, cooperation with Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary is the most effective communication platform for intensifying the broad dialogue between Ukraine and European Union.

Kamil Jakimowicz

Celem artykułu jest analiza form organizacyjnych oraz składu personalnego Komisji Porządkowej Województwa Lubelskiego, która stanowiła instytucję administracji terytorialnej władz insurekcji kościuszkowskiej w 1794 r. Wskazuje na okoliczności przystąpienia Lubelskiego do aktu powstania, panujące wówczas nastroje społeczne i polityczne, różnice postaw, co jest szczególnie istotne w kontekście zaangażowania w prace komisji porządkowej przedstawicieli stanu trzeciego. Ważnym elementem było ustalenie, w jaki sposób zmiany zachodzące w powstańczej administracji centralnej rzutowały na funkcjonowanie instytucji lokalnej. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na określenie rozwiązań stosowanych przez komisarzy w obliczu kilkukrotnego zajmowania Lublina przez wojska rosyjskie i austriackie.

Rutkowski Henryk

The author begins with presentation of a programme of creating the detailed cartographic picture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century, proposed by Stanisław Smolka from the Jagiellonian University at the first congress of Polish historians in Cracow in 1880. This initiative was partially realised in the atlas of Ruthenian lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the turn of the 16th and 17th century created by Aleksander Jabłonowski and printed in 1904 in Vienna. When Poland regained its independence, it became possible to organize further works. As their results two maps were designed, prepared and issued in the interwar period: the general map of the sixteenth-century Grand Duchy of Lithuania created by Jan Jakubowski, published in 1927 and 1928, and the map of Cracow Voivodship of the Four-Year Sejm period (1788–1792) elaborated by Karol Buczek with cooperation of several other persons and published in 1930 in Cracow.

Kazimiera Król

The article presents the social and legal aspects of begging in relation to history and the present day. In the text, a short analysis of the phenomenon of begging at the turn of the century was made. Next, on the basis of empirical research, the characteristics of determinants of the phenomenon of begging in contemporary Poland were presented. In the further part of the article, an attempt was made to review legal acts that may and should apply in the case of: fraudulent begging, forcing adults and children to do so by their guardians, and when begging is the result of human trafficking for begging. The article is completed with a summary, which highlights the need to diagnose the problem by each commune and municipality and take appropriate assistance measures on the institutional and legal grounds.

Stella Kaczmarek, Joanna Posłuszna

Culture and its creators are the driving force of social development. The paper presents the history of financing the culture over the last three hundred years and looks at the cultural policy adopted in Poland. Traditional and modern forms of supporting cultural activities are also discussed therein, also the situation of artists on the labour market in Poland and the possibilities of future change. The fundamental questions asked by the authors are: what is the future of financing cultural activities in Poland?; how important is culture in contemporary society?; will systemic changes be introduced? The aim of the paper is to provide answers to these questions through analysis of sociological sources and reports on the current situation of artists in Poland, and to highlight the dynamics of financing culture and its creators.

K. A. Sincha

Sincha K. A. Личностные особенности больных шизофренией с депрессивной и парадепрессивной симптоматикой в структуре заболевания = Personality features of schizophrenia patients with depressive and predepression symptoms in the structure of the disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):21-30. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49386 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3443     The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2016. Revised 20.03.2016. Accepted: 05.04.2016.     Личностные особенности больных шизофренией с депрессивной и парадепрессивной симптоматикой в структуре заболевания   К. А. Синча   Запорожский государственный медицинский университет МЗ Украины, Запорожье, Украина   Реферат Последние десятилетия рядом исследователей отмечено наличие депрессивных включений в структуре шизофрении. Однако, несмотря на значимую роль депрессивной симптоматики у больных шизофренией, до сих пор не установлены особенности ее структуры, этио- и психопатогенеза, которые бы позволили улучшить качество диагностики и терапии. Цель исследования – установить особенности состояний и свойств личности больных шизофренией с депрессивной и парадепрессивной симптоматикой в структуре заболевания. На базе КУ «Областная клиническая психиатрическая больница» ЗОС было обследовано 137 больных, которые проходили стационарное лечение. Основную группу (ОГ) составили 107 больных шизофренией (F20). Среди них – 55 женщин и 52 мужчины. Средний возраст в группе составил 46,33±1,36 лет. Группу сравнения (ГС) составили 30 больных шизоаффективным расстройством, смешанный тип (F25). Среди них – 18 женщин и 12 человек. Средний возраст в группе составил 48,93±2,47 год. Методы исследования: анамнестический, катамнестический, клинико-психопатологический, психодиагностический. В результате исследования были установлены особенности депрессивной симптоматики у больных шизофренией. Отмечена диссоциация между выявляемостью депрессивных феноменов по данным клинико-психопатологического и психодиагностического исследований, что может свидетельствовать о явлениях гипо- и гипердиагностики, обусловленных как несовершенством диагностического инструментария, так и присущей шизофрении амбивалентности психических процессов. По данным клинико-психодиагностического исследования у ⅓ больных шизофренией диагностировалась симптоматика депрессивного и парадепрессивного круга, доходящая до уровня клинически выраженной депрессии и требующая специфической коррекции. Изучение личностных особенностей больных шизофренией позволили установить различия в генезе депрессивной симптоматики, диагностируемой у пациентов, в полной мере нашедшие отражение в трех вариантах профилей личности больных шизофренией с депрессивными явлениями в структуре заболевания: анозодепрессивный (парадепрессивный), параноидно-невротический (параноидно-дисфорический), социогенно-невротический (ятрогенно-невротический).   Ключевые слова: депрессия, шизофрения, психопатогенез, психодиагностика.     PERSONALITY FEATURES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE AND PREDEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE DISEASE   K. A. Sincha   Zaporizhzhia State medical University Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine   Summary Last decades several researchers noted the presence of depressive inclusions in the structure of schizophrenia. However, despite the significant role of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, still the peculiarities of its structure, the ethio - and psychopathogenesis, which would allow to improve the quality of diagnosis and therapy. The purpose of the study is to establish the specific conditions and personality traits of patients with schizophrenia with depressive and paradepressive symptoms in the structure of the disease. On the basis of Public Health Institution «Regional clinical mental hospital» of the Zaporizhzhian regional council  examined 137 patients who underwent hospital treatment. Research group were 107 patients with schizophrenia (F20). Among them - 55 women and 52 men. The average age in the group was 46,33 ± 1,36 year  old. Comparison group consisted of 30 patients with schizoaffective disorder, mixed type (F25). Among them - 18 women and 12 men. The average age in the group was 48,93 ± 2,47 y. o. Research methods: anamnestic, catamnestic, clinico-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic methods. In the result of the study the features of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Marked dissociation between the detection rate of depressive phenomena according to clinical psychopathological and psychodiagnostic research that may indicate the phenomena of hypo - and overdiagnosis, due to the imperfection of diagnostic tools and the inherent ambivalence of schizophrenia mental processes. In general, according to clinical and psycho-diagnostic studies in ⅓ of patients with schizophrenia with a history of depressive and paradepressive circle, reaching to the level of clinically significant depressive and requiring specific correction. To examine the personality characteristics of patients with schizophrenia have revealed the differences in the Genesis of depressive symptoms, of the diagnosed patients fully reflected in the three versions of the personality profiles of patients with schizophrenia with depressive phenomena in the structure of diseases: a nosodepressive (paradepressive), paranoide-neurotic (paranoide-dysphoric), sociogenic -neurotic (iatrogenic disorders).   Keywords: depression, schizophrenia, psychopathogenesis, psychodiagnostics.