Hasil untuk "History America"

Shubert Silveira

J. Deetz

Amrit Nanaiah, Frederick Southwick, Venkat Chekuri et al.

# Background Rural communities in India are vulnerable to the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to a lack of resources and delayed access to information. To address the challenges faced by Primary Health Centers, the Karuna Trust-Lopamudra Medical Center COVID-19 High Dependency Unit (KLCHDU), a collaboration between a local hospital, a non-governmental organization, infectious disease physicians from an academic medical center in the United States, and a local citizens council, was established in May 2021. This collaboration implemented diagnostic and management COVID-19 protocols recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the National Institute of Health, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and provided basic training on recommended practices to Primary Health Center and other local healthcare workers. # Methods All local patients between 1 May 2021 through 31 July 2021 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a rapid antigen test or polymerase chain reaction test were admitted to the KLCHDU and were included in this study. Patient demographics, medical history, hospital course, and laboratory findings were evaluated to determine the outcomes of patients treated within this unique healthcare model. # Results Eighty-three patients (54% male) qualified for inclusion during the study period. Common comorbidities included hypertension (52%), diabetes mellitus (48%), and coronary heart disease (10%). Nearly one-third of patients had received at least one dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The most frequently administered hospital medications were dexamethasone (65%), low molecular weight heparin (54%), and remdesivir (53%). The average absolute leukocyte count was 1534 cells/µL, average blood glucose was 182 mg/dL, average D-dimer was 849 ng/mL, and average NEW-2 score on admission and discharge was 4.4 and 3.2. The average duration of hospital stay was five days. Eleven (13%) patients were prescribed supplemental oxygen at discharge and one patient died from infection complications. # Conclusions Our data show a duration of inpatient hospitalization and mortality rate on the lower end of most published data. The results of our study encourage allocation of resources based on recommended protocols and the use of telehealth for collaboration and resource sharing.

Griselda Mársico

En septiembre de 1962 tuvo lugar en Berlín el Primer Coloquio de Escritores Latinoamericanos y Alemanes, convocado por la revista Humboldt, al que también asistieron traductores, críticos, editores y académicos. En el presente artículo se analizan las diversas formas en las que la traducción estuvo involucrada en el coloquio. Tras una breve contextualización, que incluye un análisis de la composición de las listas de invitados y sus consecuencias para la generación de asimetrías, se ensaya, en primer lugar, una lectura de las líneas centrales de debate sobre la traducción. Desde la perspectiva de la historia de las relaciones intelectuales entre América Latina y Alemania, se intenta dilucidar, en segundo lugar, qué expectativas se depositan en la traducción para realizar posibles proyectos  conjuntos y qué modelos de colaboración se esbozan. Para concluir se retoma el criterio de la asimetría y se examinan dos de los proyectos derivados del encuentro.

A. Spielman, M. Wilson, J. F. Levine et al.

Igor Salomão Teixeira

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a Cronicon siculum, que narra a história da Ilha da Sicília desde tempos imemoriais ao presente do autor, com especial foco na relação conflituosa estabelecida entre palermitanos, angevinos e aragoneses no território a partir das Vésperas Sicilianas (1282). O problema de pesquisa é: A história global/conectada serve para analisar a disputa de territórios? A análise está baseada nas discussões sobre as possibilidades de abordar objetos de estudo a partir da conexão entre processos aparentemente distintos e/ou analisar como regiões distintas se relacionaram com os mesmos processos. Os conceitos utilizados foram: middle seas, mediação e comunicação política. As conclusões remetem à proficuidade do aparato conceitual e da perspectiva da história conectada e apontam para o “triplo uso” do conflito na Ilha.

Henrique Antonio Ré

Resumo Por mais de quarenta anos a British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (BFASS) combateu a utilização de trabalho escravo pelas companhias britânicas de mineração que atuavam em Minas Gerais e se esforçou para criar mecanismos jurídicos na Grã-Bretanha para punir os infratores. Os resultados nem sempre foram promissores e essas companhias só deixaram efetivamente de utilizar o trabalho escravo quando a legislação brasileira as impediu. Todavia, o acompanhamento dos episódios mostra que o Estado britânico foi o principal responsável pelo insucesso dos abolicionistas e que, apesar dos fracassos dos abolicionistas britânicos, seus esforços ajudaram a difundir o sentimento antiescravista na sociedade brasileira.

Bill Brown

K. Burke

Sacvan Bercovitch

S. Gravel, Fouad Zakharia, A. Moreno-Estrada et al.

There is great scientific and popular interest in understanding the genetic history of populations in the Americas. We wish to understand when different regions of the continent were inhabited, where settlers came from, and how current inhabitants relate genetically to earlier populations. Recent studies unraveled parts of the genetic history of the continent using genotyping arrays and uniparental markers. The 1000 Genomes Project provides a unique opportunity for improving our understanding of population genetic history by providing over a hundred sequenced low coverage genomes and exomes from Colombian (CLM), Mexican-American (MXL), and Puerto Rican (PUR) populations. Here, we explore the genomic contributions of African, European, and especially Native American ancestry to these populations. Estimated Native American ancestry is in MXL, in CLM, and in PUR. Native American ancestry in PUR is most closely related to populations surrounding the Orinoco River basin, confirming the Southern America ancestry of the Taíno people of the Caribbean. We present new methods to estimate the allele frequencies in the Native American fraction of the populations, and model their distribution using a demographic model for three ancestral Native American populations. These ancestral populations likely split in close succession: the most likely scenario, based on a peopling of the Americas thousand years ago (kya), supports that the MXL Ancestors split kya, with a subsequent split of the ancestors to CLM and PUR kya. The model also features effective populations of in Mexico, in Colombia, and in Puerto Rico. Modeling Identity-by-descent (IBD) and ancestry tract length, we show that post-contact populations also differ markedly in their effective sizes and migration patterns, with Puerto Rico showing the smallest effective size and the earlier migration from Europe. Finally, we compare IBD and ancestry assignments to find evidence for relatedness among European founders to the three populations.

Sven Korzilius

The article provides an overview of the historiographical debates on the relevance of law and courts for colonial slavery in the early modern, presenting several possible master narratives. Departing from the question about the legal sources used by the jurists of the early modern era producing “slave law in action”, the article focuses on procedural law of the freedom trials, especially on the interim situation of the person whose status the trial was about. This aspect of the proceedings is fascinating, because here the tension between the two extreme positions of the parties (liberty vs. slavery/property) is discharged for the first time. A close look at the sources proves that the jurists sought to justify the possible solutions not only with the custom of the courts (stilus curiae), but that a variety of legal formants contributed to colonial slave law, notably the authority of the Roman model, which the article presents shortly in its development, and of certain medieval forms, like the summariissimum or the actio (or execeptio) spolii. Legal doctrine was frequently quoted. As a result, Brazilian colonial slavery did not occur in a legal vacuum, but proves to have been highly institutionalized, and many aspects of the civil law of slavery appear as a relatively conservative continuation of European practice, without visible innovations to the favor or the detriment of the unfree population.

H. Gooren

A. Brault, C. Huang, Stanley Langevin et al.

Megan Bang, D. Medin, S. Atran

J. Myers

Andrey Minin Martin

Resenha da obra:NOVAIS, Fernando A; SILVA, Rogério F. (Org.). Nova história em perspectiva. Vol. 01: Propostas e desdobramentos. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2011. 560 p.

Robert H. Jackson

<p>This is the second of a series of three articles that present information on the<br />population and vital rates of the Jesuit missions in the Paraguay province reconstructed from censuses.</p>

Josefina Luzuriaga

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Gabriela Fuentes Reyes, Juan Bernal Aguirre