Hasil untuk "History"

C. Strickland

V. Fuster, B. Gersh, E. R. Giuliani et al.

T. Skocpol, Margaret R. Somers

B. Fredrickson, D. Baker, W. J. McHolick et al.

W. Boeker

Michael S. Kimmel

R. Cooter

Our short journey through different routes in the world of halogen bonded charge transfer complexes of n-donor Pyridines with Iodine monochloride and Iodine molecule unveiled many interesting facts, some known and some new; which we hope to become a topic of interest to other workers in this field. Science is an eternal journey of learning new facts. To wind up; we would like to share with others what we learnt through this conclusive chapter. We have discussed our findings related to every technique in the respective chapters of this thesis. In this final chapter we would mention the most significant findings and would try to correlate the experimental findings to the computational ones; which was the basic target of our work. And it occurred like, every tiny piece of thread is somehow attracted with a large gravitational pull by other objects; theory and experiment defends each other and proved to be the two sides of the same coin.

C. Fuchs, E. Giovannucci, Graham A Colditz et al.

B. Weinshenker

E. Gelderen

B. Rosenwein

María Zitto Soria, Alberto López Rosado, Jaime Tatay

Abstract A solution to the current socio-environmental crisis requires consensus and agreement between people and groups with different visions (Pascual et al. 2023). Regardless of individual ideologies or beliefs, it is essential to find common ground and act collectively to address a global problem. This paper identifies the similarities and differences between the anthropological vision underlying the UN documents, in particular the 1972 Stockholm conference, and the Catholic anthropological vision of the encyclical Laudato si’. The analysis delves deep into Stockholm 72 (S72) and its historical context for two reasons. First, S72 was the first major international conference to comprehensively address the relationship between human economic development and environmental protection, leading the way for subsequent conferences in Rio, Kyoto, Johannesburg, Copenhagen, Rio+20, Paris, etc., which have led (so far) to the 2030 Agenda. Second, there is a need to establish a general methodology of anthropological analysis, hitherto non-existent, applicable to UN conferences. Delving into the very first one is instrumental to understanding how the social, economic, and philosophical influences of the time are reflected in its vision of the individual and collective human being, in its contents, and in the global environmental policies that followed. The comparison of S72 with the ethical vision of Laudato si’, and more broadly with Catholic Social Teaching (CST), reveals many anthropological points of convergence. These provide a strong basis for constructive dialogue between UN documents and the Christian worldview, which also strongly promotes the care of our common home.

Celina DeBiasio, Jillian Dhawan, Quentin Nakonechny et al.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm that can have varied clinical presentations, even mimicking benign lesions, making diagnosis challenging. We describe a 74-year-old male with a history of subcutaneous LMS of the left leg treated successfully with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation over 10 years prior, who presented with an incidental papule on the lower back resembling an accessory nipple. Biopsy revealed a spindle cell tumour with diffuse smooth muscle actin and desmin positivity and a high Ki-67 index, consistent with a non-metastatic subcutaneous LMS. Wide local excision confirmed dermal and subcutaneous involvement with negative margins. This case is notable for the occurrence of two distinct primary LMS lesions more than a decade apart, underscoring the importance of long-term surveillance in high-risk patients. Given the potential for recurrence or metastasis, careful histopathologic evaluation and ongoing monitoring remain critical in the management of LMS.

R. Perks, A. Thomson

L. Barzon, N. Sonino, F. Fallo et al.

Tao Liu, Chongyu Wang, Rongjie Li et al.

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced GUI navigation agents, current approaches face limitations in cross-domain generalization and effective history utilization. We present a reasoning-enhanced framework that systematically integrates structured reasoning, action prediction, and history summarization. The structured reasoning component generates coherent Chain-of-Thought analyses combining progress estimation and decision reasoning, which inform both immediate action predictions and compact history summaries for future steps. Based on this framework, we train a GUI agent, \textbf{GUI-Rise}, through supervised fine-tuning on pseudo-labeled trajectories and reinforcement learning with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). This framework employs specialized rewards, including a history-aware objective, directly linking summary quality to subsequent action performance. Comprehensive evaluations on standard benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art results under identical training data conditions, with particularly strong performance in out-of-domain scenarios. These findings validate our framework's ability to maintain robust reasoning and generalization across diverse GUI navigation tasks. Code is available at https://leon022.github.io/GUI-Rise.

Guy Tennenholtz, Jihwan Jeong, Chih-Wei Hsu et al.

Effective decision making in partially observable environments requires compressing long interaction histories into informative representations. We introduce Descriptive History Representations (DHRs): sufficient statistics characterized by their capacity to answer relevant questions about past interactions and potential future outcomes. DHRs focus on capturing the information necessary to address task-relevant queries, providing a structured way to summarize a history for optimal control. We propose a multi-agent learning framework, involving representation, decision, and question-asking components, optimized using a joint objective that balances reward maximization with the representation's ability to answer informative questions. This yields representations that capture the salient historical details and predictive structures needed for effective decision making. We validate our approach on user modeling tasks with public movie and shopping datasets, generating interpretable textual user profiles which serve as sufficient statistics for predicting preference-driven behavior of users.

Yuhui Zhu, Alessandro Biondi

Modern out-of-order CPUs heavily rely on speculative execution for performance optimization, with branch prediction serving as a cornerstone to minimize stalls and maximize efficiency. Whenever shared branch prediction resources lack proper isolation and sanitization methods, they may originate security vulnerabilities that expose sensitive data across different software contexts. This paper examines the fundamental components of modern Branch Prediction Units (BPUs) and investigates how resource sharing and contention affect two widely implemented but underdocumented features: Bias-Free Branch Prediction and Branch History Speculation. Our analysis demonstrates that these BPU features, while designed to enhance speculative execution efficiency through more accurate branch histories, can also introduce significant security risks. We show that these features can inadvertently modify the Branch History Buffer (BHB) update behavior and create new primitives that trigger malicious mis-speculations. This discovery exposes previously unknown cross-privilege attack surfaces for Branch History Injection (BHI). Based on these findings, we present three novel attack primitives: two Spectre attacks, namely Spectre-BSE and Spectre-BHS, and a cross-privilege control flow side-channel attack called BiasScope. Our research identifies corresponding patterns of vulnerable control flows and demonstrates exploitation on multiple processors. Finally, Chimera is presented: an attack demonstrator based on eBPF for a variant of Spectre-BHS that is capable of leaking kernel memory contents at 24,628 bit/s.

Pankaj Garg, Mostafa Ali, Mohammad Alomari et al.

Abstract Cardiac benign metastatic leiomyoma (BML) is a rare cardiac tumor that is usually asymptomatic, frequently misdiagnosed and may result in serious complications, including embolization, heart failure and death. This review highlights the importance of considering cardiac BML in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses, especially in women with a history of uterine leiomyomas. This review summarizes the current knowledge about cardiac BML, including its demographics, clinical presentation, etio-pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. The authors discuss the challenges associated with diagnosing cardiac BML and emphasize the importance of a thorough history, physical examination, and imaging studies. They also review the different treatment options for cardiac BML, including surgical resection and role of medical and surgical castration. Early diagnosis and management of cardiac BML is crucial to prevent complications. This review provides valuable insights for clinicians who may encounter this rare condition. By raising awareness of cardiac BML and its management strategies, this review can improve patient care and outcomes.

Yuri N. Fedulaev, Irina V. Makarova, Fatima G. Magomedova et al.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome, related to ion channelopathies and associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The cornerstone in diagnosis remains a spontaneous type 1 Brugada-pattern on the electrocardiogram (ECG), including J point elevation of ≥ 2 mm, coved-type ST segment elevation and T wave inversion in right precordial leads. Similar ECG changes, induced by antiarrhythmic therapy, should be considered as diagnostic when combined with a documented polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation episode, arrhythmogenic syncope, nocturnal agonal breathing or a family history of sudden cardiac death or BrS. The article represents a clinical case of drug-induced type 1 Brugada-pattern in the settings of antiarrhytmic treatment using 1C class sodium channel blocker ethacizine in a female without additional BrS criteria, with negative genetic testing results and the ECG normalization after drug withdrawal.