Hasil untuk "Gynecology and obstetrics"

G. Jayson, E. Kohn, H. Kitchener et al.

E. Jauniaux, D. Ayres-de-Campos, J. Langhoff‐Roos et al.

Placenta accreta spectrum is impacting maternal health outcomes globally and its prevalence is likely to increase. Maternal outcomes depend on identification of the condition before or during delivery and, in particular, on the differential diagnosis between its adherent and invasive forms. However, accurate estimation of its prevalence and outcome is currently problematic because of the varying use of clinical criteria to define it at birth and the lack of detailed pathologic examination in most series. Adherence to this new International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification should improve future systematic reviews and meta‐analyses and provide more accurate epidemiologic data which are essential to develop new management strategies.

Nimisha Kumar, S. Jahanfar, D. Haas

This feature highlights recently published Cochrane Reviews of interest to the readers of Obstetrics & Gynecology. This month, we focus on two obstetric reviews on umbilical cord clamping and induction of labor and one gynecology review on epithelial ovarian cancer. The brief summaries are published below and the complete references, along with a hyperlink, are listed in Box 1.

W. Winter, G. Maxwell, C. Tian et al.

M. Antheunis, K. Tates, T. Nieboer

L. Salomon, Z. Alfirevic, C. Bilardo et al.

U. Kesmodel

M. F. Escobar, Anwar H. Nassar, G. Theron et al.

1Obstetric High Complexity Unit, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 5Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa 6Society for Investigation or Early Pregnancy (SIEP), New York, New York, USA 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 8Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania 9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panamá 10Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panamá 11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 12Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 13Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 14Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA 15Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

S. Pecorelli, Lucia Zigliani, F. Odicino

R. Chaoui, J. Hyett, K. O. Kagan et al.

The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a scientific organization that encourages sound clinical practice and high-quality teaching and research related to diagnostic imaging in women’s healthcare. The ISUOG Clinical Standards Committee (CSC) has a remit to develop Practice Guidelines and Consensus Statements as educational recommendations that provide healthcare practitioners with a consensus-based approach, from experts, for diagnostic imaging. They are intended to reflect what is considered by ISUOG to be the best practice at the time at which they are issued. Although ISUOG has made every effort to ensure that Guidelines are accurate when issued, neither the Society nor any of its employees or members accepts liability for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements issued by the CSC. The ISUOG CSC documents are not intended to establish a legal standard of care, because interpretation of the evidence that underpins the Guidelines may be influenced by individual circumstances, local protocol and available resources. Approved Guidelines can be distributed freely with the permission of ISUOG (info@isuog.org).

Nathaniel Denicola, D. Grossman, K. Marko et al.

Telehealth interventions were associated with improvements in obstetric outcomes, perinatal smoking cessation, breastfeeding, early access to medical abortion services, and schedule optimization for high-risk obstetrics.

L. Poon, Hui-lin Yang, J. Lee et al.

In response to the World Health Organization (WHO) statements and international concerns regarding the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) outbreak, the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is issuing the following guidance for management during pregnancy and puerperium. With the current uncertainty regarding many aspects of the clinical course of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy, potentially valuable information is likely to be obtained by obstetricians and ultrasound practitioners that may help in counseling pregnant women and further improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. This statement is not intended to replace previously published interim guidance on evaluation and management of COVID-19-exposed pregnant women. It should, therefore, be considered in conjunction with other relevant advice from organizations such as:

M. M. Emily S. Miller, MS Torri Metz MD, M. M. Tiffany A. Moore Simas et al.

PURPOSE To assess the evidence regarding safety and efficacy of psychiatric medications to treat mental health conditions during pregnancy and lactation. The conditions reviewed include depression, anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, bipolar disorder, and acute psychosis. For information on screening and diagnosis, refer to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Clinical Practice Guideline Number 4, "Screening and Diagnosis of Mental Health Conditions During Pregnancy and Postpartum" (1). TARGET POPULATION Pregnant or postpartum individuals with mental health conditions with onset that may have predated the perinatal period or may have occurred for the first time in pregnancy or the first year postpartum or may have been exacerbated in that time. METHODS This guideline was developed using an a priori protocol in conjunction with a writing team consisting of one specialist in obstetrics and gynecology and one maternal-fetal medicine subspecialist appointed by the ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines-Obstetrics and two external subject matter experts. ACOG medical librarians completed a comprehensive literature search for primary literature within Cochrane Library, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies that moved forward to the full-text screening stage were assessed by two authors from the writing team based on standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies underwent quality assessment, and a modified GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) evidence-to-decision framework was applied to interpret and translate the evidence into recommendation statements. RECOMMENDATIONS This Clinical Practice Guideline includes recommendations on treatment and management of perinatal mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, and acute postpartum psychosis, with a focus on psychopharmacotherapy. Recommendations are classified by strength and evidence quality. Ungraded Good Practice Points are included to provide guidance when a formal recommendation could not be made because of inadequate or nonexistent evidence.

D. Prayer, G. Malinger, L. de Catte et al.

The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) is a scientific organization that encourages sound clinical practice and high-quality teaching and research related to diagnostic imaging in women’s healthcare. The ISUOG Clinical Standards Committee (CSC) has a remit to develop Practice Guidelines and Consensus Statements as educational recommendations that provide healthcare practitioners with a consensus-based approach, from experts, for diagnostic imaging. They are intended to reflect what is considered by ISUOG to be the best practice at the time at which they are issued. Although ISUOG has made every effort to ensure that Guidelines are accurate when issued, neither the Society nor any of its employees or members accepts liability for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements issued by the CSC. The ISUOG CSC documents are not intended to establish a legal standard of care, because interpretation of the evidence that underpins the Guidelines may be influenced by individual circumstances, local protocol and available resources. Approved Guidelines can be distributed freely with the permission of ISUOG (info@isuog.org).

L. Sentilhes, G. Kayem, E. Chandraharan et al.

S. Collins, S. Collins, A. Ashcroft et al.

Mahmudul Hasan, Phi-Hung Tran, Jingsong Gao et al.

The concept of using photoelectron interferometry in short laser fields to probe electron dynamics and target structures was introduced more than two decades ago. However, the quality of experimental data has remained insufficient for quantitative analysis, largely due to the instability of few-cycle Ti:Sa laser pulses, the current workhorse of short pulses. Here, we report the first systematic strong-field ionization experiments performed with industrial-grade, carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stabilized, near-single-cycle Yb lasers. By measuring photoelectron momentum distributions in the direct-ionization regime, we show that single-cycle cosine-shaped pulses can separate and enhance both spider-leg and fishbone holographic structures. The spider-leg structure enables extraction of the electron scattering phase from the Ar atomic potential-information typically accessible only through attosecond metrology, while the fishbone structure reveals the orbital-parity contrast between Ar atoms and nitrogen molecules. Our measurements are quantitatively reproduced by both semiclassical Herman-Kluk-propagator and \textit{ab initio} simulations, paving the way for precision studies of electron-molecule scattering with widely accessible industrial-grade lasers.

Maxime Richard, Irénée Frérot, Sylvain Ravets et al.

Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities exhibit large two-body interactions that, thanks to ever refined nanotechnology techniques, are getting closer and closer to the quantum regime where single-photon nonlinearities start being relevant. To foster additional progress in this direction, in this work we experimentally investigate the microscopic mechanism driving polariton-polariton interactions. We measure the dispersion relation of the collective excitations that are thermally generated on top of a coherent fluid of interacting lower-polaritons. By comparing the measurements with the Bogoliubov theory over both the lower and upper polariton branches simultaneously, we find that polariton-polariton interactions stem dominantly from a mechanism of saturation of the exciton oscillator strength.

Mohammad Amini, Linghao Yan, Orlando J. Silveira et al.

Van der Waals heterostructures are a core tool in quantum material design. The recent addition of monolayer ferroelectrics expands the possibilities of designer materials. Ferroelectric domains can be manipulated using electric fields, thus opening a route for external control over material properties. In this paper we explore the possibility of engineering magneto-electric coupling in ferroelectric heterostructures by studying the interface of bilayer SnTe with iron phthalocyanine molecules as a model system. The molecules act as sensor spins, allowing us to sample the magneto-electric coupling with nanometer precision through scanning tunneling microscopy. Our measurements uncover a structural, and therefore material-independent and intrinsic, mechanism to couple electric and magnetic degrees of freedom at the nanoscale.

Edward Riordan, Monica Ciomaga Hatnean, Geetha Balakrishnan et al.

The garnet compound Yb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ is a fascinating material that is considered highly suitable for low-temperature refrigeration, via the magnetocaloric effect, in addition to enabling the exploration of quantum states with long-range dipolar interactions. It has previously been theorized that the magnetocaloric effect can be enhanced, in Yb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ , via magnetic soft mode excitations which in the hyperkagome structure would be derived from an emergent magnetic structure formed from nanosized 10-spin loops. We study the magnetic field dependence of bands of magnetic soft mode excitations in the effective spin $S = 1/2$ hyperkagome compound Yb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ using single crystal inelastic neutron scattering. We probe the magnetically short ranged ordered state, in which we determine magnetic nanoscale structures coexisting with a fluctuating state, and the magnetically saturated state. We determine that Yb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ can be described as a quantum dipolar magnet with perturbative weak near-neighbor and inter-hyperkagome exchange interaction. The magnetic excitations, under the application of a magnetic field, reveal highly robust soft modes with distinctive signatures of the quantum nature of the Yb3+ spins. Our results enhance our understanding of soft modes in topological frustrated magnets that drive both the unusual physics of quantum dipolar systems and future refrigerant material design.