Hasil untuk "General Works"

N. Poulantzas, Stuart Hall, Patrick Camiller

Ezgi Bay-Sahin, Nadia Shah

This study investigates how architectural studio environments influence student well-being through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). According to SDT, the fulfilment of three core psychological needs, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, is essential for motivation and learning. Using a convergent mixed-methods case study, we examined the lived experiences of undergraduate interior architecture design students at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University (Türkiye). Data were collected through an online survey ( n  = 114), classroom observations, and a design exercise in which students reimagined their ideal studio space. Survey results revealed consistent concerns about spatial inflexibility, inadequate lighting and insufficient equipment, which students perceived as undermining their autonomy and competence. Observations confirmed these limitations, while design proposals emphasised flexible layouts, individualised workstations, improved lighting, and informal gathering spaces to foster relatedness and collaboration. By triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, the study demonstrates how deficiencies in current studio design hinder learning outcomes while also identifying strategies to create environments that support psychological well-being. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for aligning architecture studio design with SDT principles, offering practical guidance for institutions seeking to create learning environments that foster student motivation, engagement, and well-being.

Mochamad Aviandy, Fajar Muhammad Nugraha, Zeffry Alkatiri et al.

The Tabot Festival has been held for centuries in Bengkulu, a province on the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, in 2023, it was made an official national-level event, representing the cultural heritage of Bengkulu. For years, the Keluarga Kerukunan Tabot (KKT, lit. ‘The Tabot Family Association’) has served as the key initiator and organizer, supported by local and provincial governments to preserve and promote the Tabot tradition. Throughout its existence the tradition has been marked by fluctuating dynamics, shaped by competing narratives around Islamic customs, economic interests, and diverse societal perceptions. Since the start of the Reform era in 1998, following the fall of president Suharto’s regime, new discourses have emerged, contesting cultural, religious, and economic elements of the festival. This article examines how Bengkulu’s Tabot tradition, as constructed to a significant extent by the KKT, encompasses various societal dimensions. Using a cultural studies approach, this study, based on field observations and in-depth interviews, reveals the ‘hidden framing’ around the tradition. Based on these interviews with stakeholders of Bengkulu’s Tabot tradition new insights are offered into how this tradition is a site of negotiation between different interest groups; whether political, economic (through the commodification of culture), tourism-related, or religious.

Byung-Jik Kim, Julak Lee

Abstract This study delves into the ways in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects cybersecurity behavior among employees. It specifically examines the mediating effects of psychological safety and job stress, as well as the moderating role of organizationally-prescribed perfectionism. Drawing on theories of social identity, social exchange, and the job demands-resources model, we postulate that CSR influences cybersecurity behavior in employees in a positive way, first through psychological safety and then through job stress as a sequential mediator. We also look at how organizationally-prescribed perfectionism moderates the connection between CSR and psychological safety. Our research design was based on collecting survey data from 402 employees in South Korea at four different time points. Our findings support the idea that CSR has a direct and indirect positive effect on cybersecurity behavior among employees through measures such as increased psychological safety and decreased job stress. In addition, the study discovered that when employees have high levels of organizationally-prescribed perfectionism, it reduces the favorable effect of CSR on psychological safety. Our findings further the current literature by illuminating the psychological processes and boundary circumstances that govern the impact of CSR on cybersecurity behavior among employees. CSR programs can promote safe online habits and boost morale, but it’s important for businesses to remember that employees have different levels of perfectionism and to accommodate those variations. In this paper, we discuss the study’s shortcomings and provide suggestions for further research to support a holistic strategy for CSR in the IT age.

Jon Carlstedt Tønnessen, Magnus Breder Birkenes

While the huge data repositories of web archives carry big potential for knowledge production in academia, researchers have described significant challenges when trying to access and make use of web archives in research. This article describes the creation of a “Web News Collection” where content from the National Library of Norway’s web archive has been made available for computational text analysis, in a manner that facilitates access for research and beyond – aligning with FAIR principles, while also accounting for copyright restrictions. Developing the warc2corpus pipeline, we detail the processes for extracting natural language from WARC files, curating content, and enhancing metadata for analytical purposes. This structured collection — consisting of 1.5 million news articles accessible via a REST API —enables distant reading of news from the web, with tools for building corpora, word frequencies and collocations. To support usage, both programming interfaces and user-friendly web apps are offered, representing a significant step forward in making web archives usable and valuable for digital scholars.

L. Pinder

Zhenbing Zhao, Zhenbing Zhao, Zhenbing Zhao et al.

Introduction: To solve the problems of small proportion of bolts in aerial images of power transmission lines, small differences between classes, and difficulty in extracting refined features, this paper proposes a method for detecting power transmission line bolts and their defects based on positional relationships.Methods: Firstly, a spatial attention module is added to Faster R-CNN, using two parallel cross attention to obtain cross path features and global features respectively, and spatial feature enhancement is performed on the features output from the convolution layer. Then, starting from the spatial position relationship of bolts and their defects, using the relative geometric features of candidate regions as input, the spatial position relationship of bolts and their defects on the image is modeled. Finally, the position features and regional features are connected to obtain enhanced features. The bolt position knowledge on the connecting plate is added to the detection model to improve the detection accuracy of the model.Results and discussion: The experimental results show that the mAP value of the algorithm in this paper is increased by 6.61% compared to the Faster R-CNN detection model in aerial photography of transmission line bolts and their defect datasets, with the AP value of normal bolts increased by 1.73%, the AP value of pin losing increased by 4.45%, and the AP value of nut losing increased by 13.63%.

Mats Andrén, Karin Zetterqvist Nelson

I många samhälleliga sammanhang återkommer en uppmaning att lyssna på barn, inte sällan med hänvisning till FN:s barnkonvention och kanske särskilt artikel 12 om rätten att bli hörd. Men vad innebär det att lyssna på barn? Mängder av böcker om lyssnande till barn som riktar sig till yrkespraktiker och andra som möter barn i sitt vardagsliv publiceras kontinuerligt. Vi saknar emellertid en kritisk diskussion som sätter frågor om lyssnande, lyssnande på barn och det goda lyssnandet i en större teoretisk kontext. Mot den bakgrunden har föreliggande artikel tillkommit. Lyssnandets problematik diskuteras här primärt i relation till monologiska och dialogiska perspektiv på kommunikation samt i relation till olika synsätt på barn (barnsyn) som lika eller olika vuxna. Avslutningsvis pekar vi på etiska implikationer som följer i kölvattnet av olika teoretiska perspektiv på lyssnande och lyssnande på barn.

Svetlana V. Domnina, Elena V. Savoskina, Oksana А. Guzhova

The aim of the study is to identify the role of the innovative component in the system of quality management of highways. An analysis of the proportion of new technologies and materials used to improve the quality of roads, the dynamics of accidents on sections of federal highways, where new technologies and materials were used, as well as the condition of roads was carried out. The data became the basis for the formation of factors that improve road safety. A regression model of the dependence of road safety on the quality of roads (with three variables) was developed. With the help of the model it is possible to predict the impact of changes in the variables on the number of road accidents. The study developed a system of quality management of roads and highlighted the innovative components, such as controlling effects, management tools, factors, innovative technologies and elements of the integral indicator of innovation. New horizons in the system of quality management of roads – innovation, which forms the need to improve all of its elements (planning, construction management, construction technology, its organization, organization of labor of employees), taking into account the practice of quality management of roads based on the standards of project management of the International Association of Project Management. This will improve the quality of the road object. As a result, there will be an economic effect from the introduction of the quality management system of road works. Roads are among the institutional support processes for the formation of public welfare and security of the country. However, there is still a problem of low satisfaction with the condition of roads by the population. Despite the active participation of the state in the development of the transport industry, quality management systems in Russian road organizations are not always effective. Most of them focus their attention on solving technical problems and issues of operational management. New horizons in the system of quality management of roads should open the program of innovative development of the state company “Russian Highways”. This program focuses on improving the quality of roads through the introduction of technological initiatives at all stages of road construction. Application of the principle “open innovations” strengthens the need to include the block of innovations in the standardized model of the quality management system (QMS). In this regard, it becomes obvious to develop a road quality management system taking into account the innovation component. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of quality management of roads, taking into account the innovative component. Method and methodology of work: in the process of work were used general scientific methods of research: analysis of scientific and educational literature; process approach; comparative analysis; system analysis, synthesis; method of correlation and regression analysis; methods of tabular and graphical representation of data, as well as standards of project management. Results: – A correlation and regression model of the dependence of road traffic safety on the quality of roads (on three variables) was developed; – developed a quality management system at all stages of road construction, taking into account the innovative component. Scope of the results: the proposed results can be used to improve the quality management system of roads in the Russian Federation.

Ahmet Mutlu Akyüz, İbrahim Durmuş

The environment of uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic period has caused difficulties especially for healthcare professionals in their work activities. The purpose of this research is to find out which variables might affect the commitment of healthcare professionals to their works during this COVID-19 period. Based on the data announced by the Ministry of Health during the pandemic in the first quarter of 2021, it was decided to conduct a research on doctors, nurses, caregivers, and medical secretaries working in hospitals in the cities of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey which generally show high risk. In the developed research model, satisfactory conditions (SC), emotional commitment to change (ECC), and psychological ownership (PO) as variables that may directly or indirectly affect the commitment of healthcare professionals to their works (CW) were used. The Smart PLS program was used in the analysis of the research model and hypothesis. It was seen that the ECC of healthcare professionals has a positive and significant (.694; p  < .000) effect on SC. It was understood that the PO of healthcare professionals has positive and significant effects on their CW (.394; p  < .000). It was also observed that the presence of SC has positive and significant effects on the PO of the healthcare professionals in the current situation (.796; p  < .000). It was observed that only the effect of ECC of healthcare professionals on their CW is insignificant (.097; p  > .086). Looking at the indirect (intermediary) effects obtained as a result of the research, it was seen that all of the hypotheses consist of positive coefficients. This situation reveals that the mediating variables have complementary effects on the obtained results.

Arpan Bhattacharyya, Paweł Caputa, Sumit R. Das et al.

In this work, we formulate a path-integral optimization for two dimensional conformal field theories perturbed by relevant operators. We present several evidences how this optimization mechanism works, based on calculations in free field theories as well as general arguments of RG flows in field theories. Our optimization is performed by minimizing the path-integral complexity functional that depends on the metric and also on the relevant couplings. Then, we compute the optimal metric perturbatively and find that it agrees with the time slice of the hyperbolic metric perturbed by a scalar field in the AdS/CFT correspondence. Last but not the least, we estimate contributions to complexity from relevant perturbations.

S. Tikhodeev, A. Yablonskii, E. Muljarov et al.

Zhang Zhongyu, Zhang Zhongxiang

Global climate change has become one of the core issues of world governance. Many countries have put forward the goal of carbon neutrality one after another, leading to the intensification of international low-carbon economy competition. To assess the current low-carbon competitiveness among countries, this article constructs an evaluation index system of international low-carbon economy development, and obtains the scores and rankings of countries in energy, society, economy and environment, as well as overall. Taking 20 countries with the highest carbon emissions in the world in 2019 as samples, starting from the concept of low-carbon economy and five evaluation principles, this article selects 40 low-carbon evaluation indicators from five aspects, including economy, society, science and technology, environment, and energy structure. By using the principal component factor analysis method to calculate and test, the four factors, energy factor, society factor, economy factor, and environment factor, are finally extracted to construct the evaluation index system. Results show that South Korea, France, China, Canada, and Germany are among the world’s top five low-carbon economies. The overall competitiveness of China’s low-carbon economy is in a relatively favorable position (3rd overall), with the most outstanding performance in terms of economic strength (1st), but poor performance in terms of social development (9th) and environmental carrying capacity (9th), and the biggest disadvantage in terms of energy structure (13th).

Jamshed Raza, Yuxin Liu, Jianwei Zhang et al.

This study aims to build and examine a model of sustainable supply management (SSM) practices and sustainability performance (SP) from a dynamic capability perspective. More precisely, this article examines whether SSM practices have an affect on SP, and this relation is mediated by supply chain risk management (SCRM) and network capability (NC), and moderated by firm size. We collected data from 436 supply management professionals through a survey instrument from six manufacturing and logistics companies in China. The hypothesized direct and indirect linkages were tested through structural equation modeling. Our findings highlight that SSM practices positively affect SCRM, NC, and SP. The link between SSM practices and SP is mediated by SCRM and NC. The results indicate that firm size moderate the hypothesized relationships differentially based on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) versus large enterprises. Our study is novel in establishing empirically how SSM practices influence SP as an integrative model bringing together firm size, SCRM, and NC. Our empirical results have critical implications for both supply chain management literature and supply management professionals.

Z. Zhu, D. Howe, C. Chan

Linda M. Fogg, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Erin S. Bell

Transportation infrastructure such as highways and bridges requires upgrades and maintenance. In many U.S. regions, these requirements have surpassed current funding, so new solutions are needed. One obvious though imperfect source is gasoline taxes, but raising these is politically risky, regardless of need. To illuminate this conflict, we analyze data from four random-sample telephone surveys (2016–2018, n = 2,035) that asked residents in the U.S. state of New Hampshire about their perceptions of highway and bridge conditions, and support for gas tax increases. About one third of the respondents counterfactually reported that highway and bridge conditions had improved compared with 10 or 20 years ago. At the county level, subjective perceptions correlate well with actual pavement and bridge conditions. Majorities of respondents also said they would support tax increases of 5 of 10 cents, although support falls off at higher amounts. Support for a tax increase varies not only with the proposed amount, but also with individual characteristics—especially political identity. In a structural equation model, infrastructure perceptions serve as an intervening variable between ideology and tax support: if infrastructure is falsely seen as improving, that supports an ideologically favored rejection of taxes. Partisan differences in perceptions of physical conditions, noted previously in other domains such as climate change, pose an unexpected challenge in building public support for transportation infrastructure.

R. Sousa, C. Antunes, L. Guilhermino

Elena V Linkova, Anastasiya Aksenova

In article works and traveling notes of travelers to Egypt in the period of Muhammad Ali of Egypt board for the purpose of definition of the developed image of a Turk domination in Egypt and personal attitude of Russian and French to the colonial policy in these works are considered. The author analyzes works of travelers to Egypt within the XIX century and shows the factors which influenced emergence of certain estimates in an image of Turk in Egypt. The carried-out analysis allowed to establish that despite the general negative attitude perception of Arabs, colonial policy, Russian and French has a different attitude to Turk domination in Egypt. It shows different foreign policy of France and Russia in relation to the Ottoman Empire.

Bragova Arina Mikhailovna

The article considers the question of students’ research work in acquisition of the discipline “Ancient Languages and Cultures” in Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N.A. Dobrolyubov (NNSLU). The process of writing scientific reports by students and their presentation at the annual students’ scientific conference in NNSLU helps students to get acquainted to the format of a scientific report, and this has a propaedeutic significance. Conference attendance also contributes to the accumulation of knowledge in the discipline “Ancient Languages and Cultures”. As a result this type of research helps to form both general and professional competences of students. Taking part in the inter-faculty Olympiad on ancient history, culture and Latin language in NNSLU and the international contest for knowledge of elementary Latin also helps to expand the range of professional skills and develop professional thinking.

Mohammed S. Hassan

دراسة المجتمع الاسلامي من موضوعات التاريخ المهمة، والتي تكشف عن مظاهر الحضارة الاسلامية والتي لم تكرس لها جهود كافية للكشف عنها وإبرازها للوجود وكما أبرزت بعض صفحات تاريخنا المشرق التركيب الاجتماعي لطبقات المجتع الاسلامي المتعددة, لذا استمد البحث تلك المادة من مظان متعددة وتناول التاريخ الذي صنعه المجتمع العراقي وخاصةالطبقة العامة منه, والتي تضم في تكوينها الصناع والحرفيين والزراع ومختلف الاصناف في المجتمع كاصحاب المهن من الدباغين والحماليين والسماكين وباعة الدقيق والسقطات وغيرهم كثير كالعيارين والشطار، وكانت هذه الطبقة مغلوبة على امرها تميزها مظاهر الطبقة الفقيرة وهي الفقر والحرمان والفاقة والحاجة الملحة، فهي سعي دائب وراء لقمة العيش وكان الكثير منهم من اهل الذمة، وبفضل اعتناء الدولة العباسية وتشجيعها للصناع وأرباب الحرف اصبحت لبعض الصناعات العراقية شهرة عالمية وخاصة الصناعات النسيجية وكذلك المزارعين من سكان القرى والارياف في العراق الذين كانوا يشتغلون بالزراعة وفلاحة الارض. لقد كانت هذة الفئه من الطبقة العامة تمثلت الغالبية من سكان العراق في العصر العباسي، أما العيارون فقد كانوا ينتمون الى طبقات الشعبية الكادحة وهم فئة من العامة اندفعوا الى تحسين احوالهم الاقتصادية المزرية باتخاذ مختلف الطرق من السلب والنهيب والسرقات مستخدمين في ذلك السلاح لتحقيق اهدافهم، وكذلك الشطار الذين هم فئة من العامة ايضا تعمل هي الاخرى في اعمال السلب والنهب وقطع الطرق واستخدام الطرق والوسائل العنيفة لتحقيق مآربهم وقد نشطوا خلال حوادث سنة (197هـ / 812 م) على اثر حصار بغداد، وبهذا كشفت بغداد وغيرها من سائر المدن العراقية عن آلاف مؤلفة من الشطار باعمال السلب والنهب وقطع الطرقات وهذا ما يدعوا الى ان تلك الاعمال ما هي الا نتيجة لما كانت تعانيه العامة من انحطاطاوضاعها السياسية والاقتصادية,ومع ذلك فقد كانت لهذه الطبقة دورها الكبير في المجتمع العراقي من الناحية السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية.