Hasil untuk "Forestry"

Kaiwei Meng, Lin Dong, Wenjun Zhang et al.

The electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) has emerged as a sustainable pathway for transforming biodiesel byproducts into valuable resources, while addressing the growing demand for renewable energy and green chemical production. This perspective provides a comprehensive examination of recent advances in GOR technology, with a particular emphasis on catalyst design, reaction mechanisms, and system integration strategies. It highlights key challenges related to selectivity, stability, and scalability, which are critical for advancing the technology toward industrial applications. We explore how both noble metals (e.g., Pt, Au, and Pd) and non-noble metal alternatives (e.g., Ni, Co, and Cu) can be engineered through various methods, such as facet control, single-atom incorporation, and dynamic potential modulation, to selectively preserve C–C bonds and direct selectivity toward valuable multi-carbon products. Beyond standalone GOR processes, the integration with cathodic reactions presents new opportunities for system-level optimization. We discuss the benefits of coupling GOR with cathodic reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), which not only reduce the energy consumption but also enable the co-production of high-value chemicals and clean fuels. Despite the significant progress in GOR technology, several critical challenges remain for its industrial implementation, including mass transfer limitations, tolerance to crude glycerol, and long-term stability. This perspective provides a roadmap for addressing these challenges, proposing targeted solutions ranging from advanced membrane-electrode assemblies to integrated techno-economic assessments. Ultimately, this work aims to guide the field beyond a focus on catalyst activity, toward a holistic paradigm that prioritizes system-level integration and economic viability, thereby accelerating the industrialization of GOR technology.

Mingming Zhang, Meiqin Li, Fang Wang et al.

Tea aroma is significantly influenced by hydrogen carbonate (HCO3−) in brewing water. This study investigated the impact of HCO3− in water on the aroma of brewed tea infusions using sensory evaluation, headspace solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. As the concentration of HCO3− in water increased, the purity of tea aroma diminished, while attributes related to cooked flavors and sweetness intensified; this effect is particularly pronounced at high temperatures and prolonged brewing times. HCO3− changed the concentration of volatiles, resulting in a significant decrease in concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, β-ionone, and other compounds. Furthermore, the presence of HCO3− markedly decreased EGCG content while increasing GCG content in tea infusion; these variations in catechin concentrations were correlated with changes in dimethyl sulfide and β-ionone concentrations. These findings enhance the understanding of flavor chemistry concerning tea and water, provide valuable insights for the scientific selection of tea brewing water.

Carlotta Breschi, Lorenzo Cecchi, Federico Mattagli et al.

Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for high-quality extra virgin olive oils (HQ-EVOOs) with specific sensory or nutraceutical properties, and originating from particular botanical or geographical origins. Regarding geographic origin, Italy is one of the main producers, with many local production areas, each characterized by its own distinctive typicity. The aim of this study is the chemical, sensory, and nutraceutical profiling of HQ-EVOO produced over two production years in Montespertoli (province of Florence) by 12 producers involved in the “MontEspertOlio” project, funded by the Tuscan Region. Oils were produced based on a production process previously defined and specifically applied to this territory. The shelf-life of the oil was also evaluated over a 12-month period. Legal quality parameters were analyzed according to EU regulation. Phenolic compounds, tocopherols, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FLD, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and GC-FID, respectively. Finally, sensory analysis was conducted using the Panel Test method. Results showed that Montespertoli HQ-EVOO is characterized by distinctive sensory and chemical traits that fully match consumer preferences, even across two production years characterized by different growing conditions. The shelf-life performance was excellent over 12 months, also showing a protective effect of greater bottle sizes against oxidation.

Friedrich Boeing, Thorsten Wagener, Andreas Marx et al.

Central Europe, including Germany, has faced exceptional multi-year terrestrial water storage (TWS) deficits since 2018, negatively impacting various sectors such as forestry, energy production, and drinking water supply. Currently, the understanding of the recovery dynamics behind such extreme events is limited, which hampers accurate water management decisions. We used a simulation of the mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) over the last 257 years (1766–2022) to provide the first long-term perspective on the dynamics of the TWS deficit recovery in Germany. The results show that severe TWS deficits surpassing a peak deficit of −42 mm (−15 km ^3 ) exhibit large variability in recovery times (3–31 months). The 2018–2021 TWS deficit period was unprecedented in terms of recovery time (31 months), mean intensity and the associated negative 30-year TWS trend. In recent decades, we identified increased evapotranspiration ( E ) fluxes that have impacted TWS dynamics in Germany. Increased E flux anomalies contributed to prolonged TWS recovery, given that the TWS deficit did not quickly recover through above-average precipitation ( P ). An extreme TWS deficit similar to that in 2018 was recovered by above-average P within three months in the winter of 1947–1948. Our research contributes to an improved understanding of the dynamics and drivers of TWS deficit recovery.

Chenfeng Xu, Baojing Wei, Yike Hu et al.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in canal areas have led to significant conversion in production-living-ecological space (PLES), yielding short-term social-economic benefits but causing serious ecological degradation. However, the complex and dynamic interactions between PLES and ecosystem function remain underexplored, despite their importance for guiding sustainable canal development. Therefore, we analyzed the dynamic changes in PLES and ecosystem service value (ESV) in the Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, along with their interrelationships. By optimizing the ESV evaluation model to incorporate natural, social, and economic factors, we examined the spatiotemporal evolution of PLES and ESV from 2000 to 2020. Finally, we quantified the dynamic response of ESV to PLES using contribution rate factors and identified trade-offs and synergies among ESV indicators. Over the past two decades, ecological space (ES) expanded by only 5.31 %, yet contributing 94.36 % of total ESV growth. Despite fluctuations during 2005–2010, synergies among various ESV types remained largely stable. The regulation service shows the most significant response to the conversion of PLES, with an increase in ES’s ESV of CNY 67.87 billion over 20 years, representing 75.34 % of total ESV growth. Notably, the hydrologic regulation contributes substantially, with an increase in ES’s ESV of CNY 60.87 billion, accounting for 67.57 % of total ESV growth. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and resource management in canal areas.

Song Huang, Wei Zheng, Yanmei Wang et al.

Idesia polycarpa Maxim is a native dioecious tree from East Asia cultivated for its fruits and as an ornamental plant throughout temperate regions. Given the economic potential, comparative studies on cultivated genotypes are of current interest. This study aims to discover the dynamic changes and potential functions of endogenous hormones in I. polycarpa, as well as the differences in endogenous hormone contents in different growth stages among different I. polycarpa provenances. We used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to measure and compare the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and trans-Zeatin-riboside (tZR) in the leaves, flowers, and fruits of I. polycarpa from various provenances between April and October. Our findings indicated that changes in the ABA and GA3 content of plants from Jiyuan and Tokyo were minimal from April to October. However, the levels of these two hormones in Chengdu plants vary greatly at different stages of development. The peak of IAA content in the three plant materials occurred primarily during the early fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage. The concentration of tZR in the three plant materials varies greatly. Furthermore, we discovered that the contents of endogenous hormones in I. polycarpa leaves, flowers, and fruits from Chengdu provenances were slightly higher than those from Tokyo and Jiyuan provenances. The content of IAA was higher in male flowers than in female flowers, and the content of ABA, GA3, and tZR was higher in female flowers than in male flowers. According to the findings, the contents of these four endogenous hormones in I. polycarpa are primarily determined by the genetic characteristics of the trees and are less affected by cultivation conditions. The gender of I. polycarpa had a great influence on these four endogenous hormones. The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for artificially regulating the flowering and fruiting of I. polycarpa.

Zimeng Song, Sangzi Ze, Chunxiang Liu et al.

IntroductionThe genetic structure of species is shaped by natural (e.g., terrain, climate) and non-natural (e.g., human activities) factors. Geographical isolation and natural barriers are important causes of genetic structure formation of species. Here, we explored this issue in bamboo grasshopper, Ceracris kiangsu, which is an important pest that feeds on bamboo in East and Southeastern Asia.MethodsBased on 186 newly sequenced and 286 previously sequenced mitochondrial COI fragments, and 8 nuclear microsatellite loci, we examined the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of C. kiangsu.ResultsThe degree of genetic differentiation among populations was also high, and Mantel test showed that it was significantly correlated with geographical distance. Principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE results revealed two genetically different groups, a South China (S-China) Group and a Southeast Asia (SE-Asia) Group. Climate variables partly explained the population genetic structure. The demographic history and ABC showed that the S-China Group experienced population expansion, whereas the SE-Asia Group was consistently stable.DiscussionOur study demonstrates an obvious population structure maintained in this migratory insect and reveals the potential effect of past climatic change, geographical isolation, and ecological factors on the evolution of their genetic structure.

Kai Yang, Jian Zhang, Yuelei Zhao et al.

As the only two You-chicken breeds in China, Baicheng-You (BCY) and Beijing-You (BJY) chickens are famous for their good meat quality. However, so far, the molecular basis of germplasm of the two You-chicken breeds is not yet clear. The genetic relationship among BCY, BJY, and European-origin broilers (BRs) was analyzed using whole genome resequencing data to contribute to this issue. A total of 18,852,372 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained in this study. After quality control, 8,207,242 SNPs were applied to subsequent analysis. The data indicated that BJY chickens possessed distant distance with BRs (genetic differentiation coefficient (<i>F</i>_ST) = 0.1681) and BCY (<i>F</i>_ST = 0.1231), respectively, while BCY and BRs had a closer relationship (<i>F</i>_ST = 0.0946). In addition, by using <i>F</i>_ST, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH), and cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) methods, we found 374 selected genes between BJY and BRs chickens and 279 selected genes between BCY and BJY chickens, respectively, which contained a number of important candidates or genetic variations associated with feather growth and fat deposition of BJY chickens and potential disease resistance of BCY chickens. Our study demonstrates a genome-wide view of genetic diversity and differentiation among BCY, BJY, and BRs. These results may provide useful information on a molecular basis related to the special characteristics of these broiler breeds, thus enabling us to better understand the formation mechanism of Chinese-You chickens.

Syakur Syakur*, Sugianto Sugianto, Hairul Basri et al.

The existence of forest park areas plays an essential role as carbon sequestration can reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Analysis of carbon potential is essential in determining the amount of available carbon potential. This study aims to analyze the carbon potential in the forest park area Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park. The study used a descriptive method with the sampling technique of the path system. Data analysis and calculation of carbon potential using allometric equations to calculate the total biomass. Spatial analysis using Arc.GIS 10.4 software and the carbon content analysis was carried out using the ashing method. The results showed that the potential carbon stock of Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park was 640,282 tons. The carbon potential is the carbon stored above the ground in the form of carbon from above-ground biomass (trees, poles, saplings, undergrowth) and organic matter (necromass and litter). The highest carbon potential was found in the secondary dryland forest land cover with a total of 555,204 tons or 167.6 tons ha1 , followed by shrubs of 78,949 tons or 33.3 tons ha -1 , and the lowest potential carbon stock was found in the open field of 303 tons or 2.8 tons ha-1 . The increase in land cover in secondary dryland forests causes increased carbon storage. The low potential for carbon stocks is due to land clearing and a small number of stands, resulting in a decrease in potential carbon stocks.

Jing Wang, Xuxiao Tang, Qiulu Chu et al.

Volatile flavor of edible oils is an important quality index and factor affecting consumer choice. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize virgin <i>Camellia oleifera</i> seed oil (VCO) samples from different locations in southern China in terms of their volatile compounds to show the classification of VCO with respect to geography. Different samples from 20 producing VCO regions were collected in 2020 growing season, at almost the same maturity stage, and processed under the same conditions. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer system (GC–MS) was used to analyze volatile compounds. A total of 348 volatiles were characterized, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, alkenes, alkanes, furans, phenols, and benzene; the relative contents ranged from 7.80–58.68%, 1.73–12.52%, 2.91–37.07%, 2.73–46.50%, 0.99–12.01%, 0.40–14.95%, 0.00–27.23%, 0.00–3.75%, 0.00–7.34%, and 0.00–1.55%, respectively. The VCO geographical origins with the largest number of volatile compounds was Xixiangtang of Guangxi (L17), and the least was Beireng of Hainan (L19). A total of 23 common and 98 unique volatile compounds were detected that reflected the basic and characteristic flavor of VCO, respectively. After PCA, heatmap and PLS-DA analysis, Longchuan of Guangdong (L8), Qingshanhu of Jiangxi (L16), and Panlong of Yunnan (L20) were in one group where the annual average temperatures are relatively low, where annual rainfalls are also low. Guangning of Guangdong (L6), Yunan of Guangdong (L7), Xingning of Guangdong (L9), Tianhe of Guangdong (L10), Xuwen of Guangdong (L11), and Xiuying of Hainan (L18) were in another group where the annual average temperatures are relatively high, and the altitudes are low. Hence, volatile compound distributions confirmed the differences among the VCO samples from these geographical areas, and the provenance difference evaluation can be carried out by flavor.

Lynne H. Thomas, Clemens M. Altaner, V. Trevor Forsyth et al.

Abstract Conifer wood is an exceptionally stiff and strong material when its cellulose microfibrils are well aligned. However, it is not well understood how the polymer components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin co-operate to resist tensile stress in wood. From X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and spectroscopic data, collected under tension and processed by novel methods, the ordered, disordered and hemicellulose-coated cellulose components comprising each microfibril were shown to stretch together and demonstrated concerted, viscous stress relaxation facilitated by water. Different cellulose microfibrils did not all stretch to the same degree. Attempts were made to distinguish between microfibrils showing large and small elongation but these domains were shown to be similar with respect to orientation, crystalline disorder, hydration and the presence of bound xylan. These observations are consistent with a major stress transfer process between microfibrils being shear at interfaces in direct, hydrogen-bonded contact, as demonstrated by small-angle neutron scattering. If stress were transmitted between microfibrils by bridging hemicelluloses these might have been expected to show divergent stretching and relaxation behaviour, which was not observed. However lignin and hemicellulosic glucomannans may contribute to stress transfer on a larger length scale between microfibril bundles (macrofibrils).

Rina Novia Yanti, Erliza Hambali, Gustan Pari et al.

Arang aktif yang berasal dari biomassa dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aplikasi, karena memiliki porositas yang tinggi. Salah satu pemanfaatan arang aktif adalah sebagai bahan baku katalis. Arang aktif dalam penelitian ini berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik arang aktif yang dimpregnasi logam Nikel (Ni) sebagai bahan baku katalis dalam proses upgrading bio oil. Aktivasi arang TKKS menggunakan larutan asam fosfat (H3PO4) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% yang direndam selama 24 jam, dilanjutkan dengan kalsinasi pada suhu 750°C dan steam uap selama 60 menit. Aktivasi terbaik dari arang aktif menggunakan asam fosfat 10%, selanjutnya diimpregnasi logam nikel dengan konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 3%. Hasil karakteristik arang aktif impregnasi logam nikel  adalah daya serap iodin554-756 mg/g, daya serap metilen biru 38-90 mg/g dan luas permukaan 96-218 m2/g dengan diameter pori 8,48-16,21 µ.

David G. Angeler, Brian C. Chaffin, Shana M. Sundstrom et al.

Management frequently creates system conditions that poorly mimic the conditions of a desirable self-organizing regime. Such management is ubiquitous across complex systems of people and nature and will likely intensify as these systems face rapid change. However, it is highly uncertain whether the costs (unintended consequences, including negative side effects) of management but also social dynamics can eventually outweigh benefits in the long term. We introduce the term "coerced regime" to conceptualize this management form and tie it into resilience theory. The concept encompasses proactive and reactive management to maintain desirable and mitigate undesirable regime conditions, respectively. A coerced regime can be quantified through a measure of the amount of management required to artificially maintain its desirable conditions. Coerced regimes comprise "ghosts" of self-sustaining desirable system regimes but ultimately become "dead regimes walking" when these regimes collapse as soon as management is discontinued. We demonstrate the broad application of coerced regimes using distinct complex systems of humans and nature (human subjects, aquatic and terrestrial environments, agriculture, and global climate). We discuss commonalities and differences between these examples to identify trade-offs between benefits and harms of management. The concept of coerced regimes can spur thinking and inform management about the duality of what we know and can envision versus what we do not know and therefore cannot envision: a pervasive sustainability conundrum as planet Earth swiftly moves toward a future without historical analogue.

Maria L. Pappas, George D. Broufas, Alberto Pozzebon et al.

Ismatul Hakim

The transfer  of  convertion  forest  lands  into  transmigration  areas must   be geared  towards   improving   and  developing  land productivity  in  order  to  obtain  optimun  socio-economic   role  of the  rasources   for  the transmigrant  and  sustainability of  agricultural  production.  In  this rasearch   respondent  samples  are purposively   taken from  the villages  of  Ambawang  (15 families)  as  a less   successful transmigration  area and of  Domit  (115  familia)  as a successful  area.  Both  are located  in Jorong  sub-district,  Tanah  laut District,  South  Kalimantan. The  resulis showed thet the  per capita  income  of  respondent  family   in Damit  village is higher   than  that in Ambawang    village  (almost twice)  and  land productivity in Damit  village is even  3 limes as in  much  as in .Ambawang  village   These mean  that transmigration  program  in Damit village is more  succasful   than  in Ambawang village.  Land  utilization  in  Damit  and   Ambowang  villages is as foUows  :  I t e ms                                             Precentage of  land  us    Damit      Ambawang. Rice field                                              181,80   125,71 Home  garden                                   104,17   82,76 Farm land                                            26,57     34,57 This  can  be interpreled   that more  land  in Damit  is suitable  for  rice field.   Land  use in transmigration   areas  depends  on  the suitability level of land for  agricultaral  extensification,  the availability  of  water for  irrigation,  and background  experience  background   of  transmigration family. An  average  number   of  mandays  per family  per year  is 2140.49 mandays   which  consists   of:  farming,  rice field  woking,  off- farming and  home gardening  are 36.77%, 24.16%, 21.52%,  and  16.60%, respectively.  The total income  per family  both  villages is Rp  1,275,086.300 The saving  level per  family  in Domit  is  Rp 333,794.20 and in  Ambowang  is Rp   541,303.00  but the Gross   Domestic  Product  (PlJB)  in Damit is Rp 873,075.00 and  PDB  in Ambawang  is Rp  265,431.50. These   mean  that  the  equalization   level of  income  distribution  and  the occess  of transmigration  community   to the village development   are better in  Damit  than  on .Ambawang. In general,  it can  be concluded   that practicing  transmigration  program   by  using  convertion  forest   land  in   Jorong,  South   Kalima.tan can  improve  land  productivity   and  socio-economic   status  of  the tronsmigrants  which  makes  them  enjoying  beller  life in the  new areas.  The in depth  study  on  socio-economic    aspeci  of  transmigration   is required  by  comparing   their  socio-economic   status  in their  new   area  to their  previous  ones   in Java.

Robbie A. Hember, Nicholas C. Coops, David L. Spittlehouse

Given the widespread ecological implications that would accompany any significant change in evaporative demand of the atmosphere, this study investigated spatial and temporal variation in several accepted expressions of potential evaporation (PE). The study focussed on forest regions of North America, with 1 km-resolution spatial coverage and a monthly time step, from 1951–2014. We considered Penman’s model (EPen), the Priestley–Taylor model (EPT), ‘reference’ rates based on the Penman–Monteith model for grasslands (ERG), and reference rates for forests that are moderately coupled (ERFu) and well coupled (ERFc) to the atmosphere. To give context to the models, we also considered a statistical fit (EPanFit) to measurements of pan evaporation (EPan). We documented how each model compared with EPan, differences in attribution of variance in PE to specific driving factors, mean spatial patterns, and time trends from 1951–2014. The models did not agree strongly on the sensitivity to underlying drivers, zonal variation of PE, or on the magnitude of trends from 1951–2014. Sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit (Da) differed among models, being absent from EPT and strongest in ERFc. Time trends in reference rates derived from the Penman–Monteith equation were highly sensitive to how aerodynamic conductance was set. To the extent that EPanFit accurately reflects the sensitivity of PE to Da over land surfaces, future trends in PE based on the Priestley–Taylor model may underestimate increasing evaporative demand, while reference rates for forests, that assume strong canopy-atmosphere coupling in the Penman–Monteith model, may overestimate increasing evaporative demand. The resulting historical database, covering the spectrum of different models of PE applied in modern studies, can serve to further investigate biosphere-hydroclimate relationships across North America.

Rogy Frigeri Tiburtino, Juarez Benigno Paes, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre et al.

ABSTRACTThe research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CCB preservative in improving the resistance of twobamboo species (Bambusa vulgarisandDendrocalamus giganteus) the action of termites and xylophagousbeetles. The bamboo stems collected in the vicinity of Alegre and Jerônimo Monteiro, towns of southernEspírito Santo state, Brazil, were transformed into culms of 2.0 m long and treated in a solution of 1 or 3%active ingredient (a.i.) of the commercial product “MOQ OX 50”, based on copper, chromium and boron (CCB).The treatment methods used were the sap displacement (intact and ruptured diaphragm), long-termimmersion and Boucherie modified. In the methods by sap displacement and the long-term immersion thestems were exposed in solutions for periods of 5, 10 or 15 days, and in Boucherie’s modified method oftreatment there was no segregation between treatment times. To assess the efficiency of the methods, testsamples were taken at the position of 50 cm from the base of the stems. In the tests, the termite speciesNasutitermes cornigerand the beetleDinoderus minutuswere used. Based on the analysis of the resultsobtained, it was found that the two species of bamboo treated showed high resistance to attack by termitesand beetles, and including untreated samples showed low mass loss when subjected to the tests.

Eny Faridah, Haryono Supriyo, M Gunawan Wibisono et al.

Sandalwood is one of important alternatives to use for rehabilitation programs of critical land areas in Indonesia. Therefore, due to its slow growth which held up forest rehabilitation program, attempts to accelerate its growth rate are crucially necessary. Considering that problem, the study is aimed to formulate an approach to accelerate cendana’s growth through the application of essential macro nutrients needed by cendana grown in three types of soil in the form of biofertilizers such as biofosfo and biosulfo. In a specific way, the study aimed to analyze 1) the effect of soil types ((Grumusol (Vertisol), Mediteran (Alfisol) dan Regosol (Entisol)) on growth of sandalwood, 2) the effect of fertilizer types and dosages on growth of sandalwood, and 3) the effect of soil type, and fertilizer types and dosages on nutrient content of soil and plants’ leaves. The research was conducted in Lab. of Intensive Silviculture, Klebengan, the Faculty of Forestry GMU using cendana seedlings of 6 months old. Research was applied using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments of 3 soil types (Grumusol (Vertisol), Mediterran (Alfisol) and Regosol (Entisol)), 3 fertilizer types (biosulfo, biofosfo, and NPK), and 5 fertilizer dosages (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g) with 5 replications for each experiment unit. Parameters assessed were plant growth rate (height & diameter growth, root length), and nutrient level of soil media and plant leaves. The results showed that Mediterran soil positively affected all growth parameters (height, diameter, root length) followed by Regosol dan Grumusol, while application of different fertilizers and dosages did not give significant effects on all plant growth parameters. Mediteran soil contained the highest N and K followed by Regosol and Grumusol, while Regosol contained the highest available P followed by Mediteran and Grumusol. Interaction between Grumusol and biofosfo/biosulfo, which resulted in lowest growth of all parameters, contained the lowest soil P level, indicating the role of phosphate on plant growth. During the 3-month period, the application of biofosfo, biosulfo dan NPK at different dosages increased leaf P, S and N level with no clear trend.

Roni Fernandes Guareschi, Marcos Gervasio Pereira

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de carbono orgânico (COT) do solo, matéria orgânica leve (MOL) em água e as frações oxidáveis do COT em uma área de cultivo de milho em aléias de Flemingia macrophylla submetida a diferentes manejos de sua parte aérea. A área de estudo está localizada na “Fazendinha Agroecológica”, no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O desenho experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com 3 tratamentos e 8 repetições, consistindo dos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (cultivo de milho com ausência de aléias); cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias com poda de 0,6 m de altura e cultivo de milho em sistema de aléias sem poda. Em cada uma das áreas foram coletadas amostras compostas nas profundidades de 0-5 cm. A presença de aléias, bem como, as podas realizadas em Flemingia macrophylla na área que essa encontrava-se associada ao cultivo de milho não alterou o teor de COT do solo. No entanto, a utilização dos caules e das folhas como adubo verde oriunda do tratamento onde se realizou a poda da parte aérea das aléias de Flemingia macrophylla, proporcionou ao solo aumento dos teores de MOL, Conteúdo de C da MOL e da fração F1.

Biechele, Tobias, Nutto, Leif, Becker, Gero

Eucalypts are renowned for their high growth stress levels. These stresses cause splitting, warping and dimensional instability when cutting, processing and drying the wood. In Chile, large Eucalyptus nitens plantations can be found, which, due to these problems, are scarcely utilised for solid wood products (veneer, sawn wood). This study aims to determine the factors influencing growth stress at different stages of tree’s development, and to identify whether the factors influencing growth stress change over time. In five stands of different ages, growth strain, as an indicator of growth stress, was measured at different tree heights with the single hole drilling method. The tree variables DBH, tree height, slenderness (height/diameter ratio) and crown parameters also were measured. A correlation analysis of tree variables and growth strains was undertaken. The results obtained indicate a high variability in growth strain values. It was concluded that growth strain is not correlated with a single growth parameter, but with a combination of factors that variously influence it at different ages and tree heights.