Hasil untuk "Folklore"

L. M. Perry, J. Metzger

David Kurniadi Angdinata, Evan Chen, Chris Cummins et al.

Lehmer conjectured that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes. In a related direction, a folklore conjecture asserts that infinitely many primes arise as absolute values of Ramanujan's tau-function. Recently, Xiong showed that these prime values form a subset of the primes with density at most $2/11$. Assuming the $abc$ Conjecture, we prove the stronger upper bound \[ S(X):=\#\{\ell\le X:\ \ell\ \text{prime and } |τ(n)|=\ell \text{ for some } n\ge 1\} = O(X^{13/22}), \] which implies that Ramanujan's tau-function misses a density 1 subset of the primes. We give a heuristic suggesting that $S(X)$ should nevertheless be infinite, with predicted order of magnitude \[ S(X)\asymp \frac{C X^{\frac{1}{11}}}{(\log X)^2}. \] The main engine in this note was formalized and produced automatically in Lean/Mathlib by AxiomProver from a natural-language statement of the problem.

Katelynn Huneycutt, Daniel J. Thompson

We develop the specification and orbit-decomposition approach to equilibrium states for parabolic rational maps of the Riemann Sphere. Our result extends the well-known results on uniqueness of equilibrium states in this setting, notably the results of Denker, Przytycki and Urbański. We extend the class of potentials from Hölder to those with the Bowen property on 'good orbits' . We obtain uniqueness of the equilibrium state for potentials satisfying a pressure gap condition which is sharp in the class of potentials we consider. We show that our equilibrium state has the $K$-property, and in particular it has positive entropy. When the potential is Hölder, the theory of equilibrium states is already highly developed. Nevertheless, several interesting results on equilibrium states for Hölder potentials follow readily from our approach. In the family of geometric potentials, we obtain a simple proof of uniqueness of equilibrium states up to the phase transition that occurs at the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set. For Hölder potentials on parabolic rational maps, we show that hyperbolicity of the potential is equivalent to having a unique equilibrium state which is fully supported. This does not appear to have been stated in the literature before, although it may be considered folklore.

Oswin Aichholzer, Joseph Dorfer, Peter Kramer et al.

We study the reconfiguration of plane spanning trees on point sets in the plane in convex position, where a reconfiguration step (flip) replaces one edge with another, yielding again a plane spanning tree. The flip distance between two trees is then the minimum number of flips needed to transform one tree into the other. We study structural properties of shortest flip sequences. The folklore happy edge conjecture suggests that any edge shared by both the initial and target tree is never flipped in a shortest flip sequence. The more recent parking edge conjecture, which would have implied the happy edge conjecture, states that there exist shortest flip sequences which use only edges of the start and target tree, and edges in the convex hull of the point set. Finally, another conjecture that is implicit in the literature is the reparking conjecture which states that no edge is flipped more than twice. Essentially all recent flip algorithms respect these three conjectures and the properties they imply. We study cases in which the latter two conjectures hold and disprove them for the general setting. (Shortened abstract due to arXiv restrictions.)

H. F. H. S. Badiyeh, S. V. Burdina, B. V. Kondakov

This article explores the artistic characteristics of the chronotope of the East using Andrei Volos’s novel “Return to Panjrud” as a case study. The originality of this work lies in its first-time determination of the specifics of organizing time and space within the global socioethnic category of “East,” along with an analysis of their functions in the fictional universe of the text. It is demonstrated that the chronotope of the East has a complex structure encompassing simpler chronotopes. Special attention is given to the primary spatial loci of the novel — pit, home (permanent or temporary), city — which collectively form the everyday chronotope. Additionally, it is argued that beyond the everyday chronotope, the novel presents historical space chronotope associated with the Samanid Empire era, legendary space chronotope linked to distant pasts of Central Asian peoples, and mythopoetic space chronotope, which are layered over the everyday chronotope and imbue the text with historical-philosophical depth. Ultimately, the authors conclude that key features of the Eastern chronotope in the novel include its depiction as a unique spiritual state characterizing memory space, close connection with symbolic elements found in the mythology, folklore, and literature of Central Asian peoples, and representation of temporal progression as cyclical movement implying constant return to origin.

Sami Boulebnane, James Sud, Ruslan Shaydulin et al.

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and quantum annealing are two of the most popular quantum optimization heuristics. While QAOA is known to be able to approximate quantum annealing, the approximation requires QAOA angles to vanish with the problem size $n$, whereas optimized QAOA angles are observed to be size-independent for small $n$ and constant in the infinite-size limit. This fact led to a folklore belief that QAOA has a mechanism that is fundamentally different from quantum annealing. In this work, we provide evidence against this by analytically showing that QAOA energy approximates that of quantum annealing under two conditions, namely that angles vary smoothly from one layer to the next and that the sum is bounded by a constant. These conditions are known to hold for near-optimal QAOA angles empirically. Our proof relies on a series expansion of QAOA energy in sum of angles, which we show converges to quantum annealing limit as QAOA depth grows for constant sum of angles even if angles do not vanish with problem size $n$. A corollary of our results is a quadratic improvement for the bound on depth required to compile Trotterized quantum annealing of the SK model in the average case.

Seri Khoury, Aaron Schild

In this work, we present an $Ω\left(\min\{\log Δ, \sqrt{\log n}\}\right)$ lower bound for Maximal Matching (MM) in $Δ$-ary trees against randomized algorithms. By a folklore reduction, the same lower bound applies to Maximal Independent Set (MIS), albeit not in trees. As a function of $n$, this is the first advancement in our understanding of the randomized complexity of the two problems in more than two decades. As a function of $Δ$, this shows that the current upper bounds are optimal for a wide range of $Δ\in 2^{O(\sqrt{\log n})}$, answering an open question by Balliu, Brandt, Hirvonen, Olivetti, Rabie, and Suomela [FOCS'19, JACM'21]. Moreover, our result implies a surprising and counterintuitive separation between MIS and MM in trees, as it was very recently shown that MIS in trees can be solved in $o(\sqrt{\log n})$ rounds. While MIS can be used to find an MM in general graphs, the reduction does not preserve the tree structure when applied to trees. Our separation shows that this is not an artifact of the reduction, but a fundamental difference between the two problems in trees. This also implies that MIS is strictly harder in general graphs compared to trees.

James M Smoliga, Kathryn E Sawyer

Taylor Swift's presence at National Football League (NFL) games was reported to have a causal effect on the performance of Travis Kelce and the Kansas City Chiefs. Critical examination of the supposed "Swift effect" provides some surprising lessons relevant to the scientific community. Here, we present a formal analysis to determine whether the media narrative that Swift's presence at NFL games had any impact on player or team performance - and draw parallels to scientific journalism and clinical research. We performed a quasi-experimental study, using covariate matching. Linear mixed effects models were used to determine how Swift's presence or absence in Swift-era games influence Kelce's performance, relative to historical data. Additionally, a binary logistic regression model was developed to determine if Swift's presence influenced the Chief's game outcomes, relative to historical averages. Across multiple matching approaches, analyses demonstrated that Kelce's yardage did not significantly differ when Taylor Swift was in attendance (n = 13 games) relative to matched pre-Swift games. Although a decline in Kelce's performance was observed in games without Swift (n = 6 games), the statistical significance of this finding varied by the matching algorithm used, indicating inconsistency in the effect. Similarly, Swift's attendance did not result in a significant increase in the Chiefs' likelihood of winning. Together, these findings suggest that the purported "Swift effect" is not supported by robust evidence. The weak statistical evidence that spawned the concept of the "Swift effect" is rooted in a constellation of fallacies common to medical journalism and research - including over-simplification, sensationalism, attribution bias, unjustified mechanisms, inadequate sampling, emphasis on surrogate outcomes, and inattention to comparative effectiveness. Clinicians and researchers must be vigilant to avoid falling victim to the "Swift effect," since failure to scrutinize available evidence can lead to acceptance of unjustified theories and negatively impact clinical decision-making.

Xiameng Wei, Binbin Fan, Ying Wang et al.

Ancient murals are valuable cultural heritage with great archaeological value. They provide insights into ancient religions, ceremonies, folklore, among other things through their content. However, due to long-term oxidation and inadequate protection, ancient murals have suffered continuous damage, including peeling and mold etc. Additionally, since ancient murals were typically painted indoors, the light intensity in images captured by digital devices is often low. The poor visibility hampers the further restoration of damaged areas. To address the escalating damage to ancient murals and facilitate batch restoration at archaeological sites, we propose a two-stage restoration model with automatic defect area detection strategy which called MER(Mural Enhancement and Restoration net) for ancient murals that are damaged and have been captured in low light. Our two-stage model not only enhances the visual quality of restored images but also achieves commendable results in relevant metric evaluations compared with other competitors. Furthermore, we have launched a website dedicated to the restoration of ancient mural paintings, utilizing the proposed model. Code is available at https://gitee.com/bbfan2024/MER.git.

Qisheng Wang, Zhicheng Zhang

Trace distance and infidelity (induced by square root fidelity), as basic measures of the closeness of quantum states, are commonly used in quantum state discrimination, certification, and tomography. However, the sample complexity for their estimation still remains open. In this paper, we solve this problem for pure states. We present a quantum algorithm that estimates the trace distance and square root fidelity between pure states to within additive error $\varepsilon$, given sample access to their identical copies. Our algorithm achieves the optimal sample complexity $Θ(1/\varepsilon^2)$, improving the long-standing folklore $O(1/\varepsilon^4)$. Our algorithm is composed of a samplized phase estimation of the product of two Householder reflections. Notably, an improved (multi-)samplizer for pure states is used as an algorithmic tool in our construction, through which any quantum query algorithm using $Q$ queries to the reflection operator about a pure state $|ψ\rangle$ can be converted to a $δ$-close (in the diamond norm) quantum sample algorithm using $Θ(Q^2/δ)$ samples of $|ψ\rangle$. This samplizer for pure states is shown to be optimal.

Izabela Krasińska

W artykule przeanalizowano ukazujący się w Warszawie w latach 1935–1938 kwartalnik „Radio na Wsi”, który adresowany był do zainteresowanych radiem rolników. Radio było wówczas jeszcze nowym środkiem masowego przekazu i dopiero zaczęło docierać na wieś. Ukazano, że przeanalizowany periodyk był fachowym poradnikiem o charakterze zarówno rolniczym, jak i radiowym. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono cechy formalno-wydawnicze kwartalnika i jego twórców z redaktorem Januszem Delinikajtisem na czele. W drugiej części skupiono się natomiast na zawartości treściowej czasopisma, zwracając uwagę na wybrane porady i instrukcje rolnicze, gospodarskie, radiofoniczne oraz radiotechniczne, z którymi mogli się zetknąć czytelnicy.

Eugenia E. Zhirkova

The article provides a content analysis of the emotive concept of “„happiness””and its linguistic representation in the Olonkho texts titled “Khan Dzhargystuy” and “Nurgun Botur the Swift”. The aim of the study is to define the linguistic expressive means representing the concept of “„happiness””in the Olonkhonarratives. The following linguistic expressive means were identified as a result of the research: lexical means in the semantic field of “„happiness”” (yuor-kot‘to be filled with joy, to cheer’; kul-oyno ‘to be happy, to rejoice’; korulae‘to rejoice, to fool around’); figurative lexical means (ymay ‘to sneer’; yrdzhay ‘fleer’; muchuy ‘to smile timidly’); interjections (Uruy!Akhal! Ieheybin); and formulaic constructions (all-round “happiness”, a kiss after a long-time partition). It is worth mentioning the conceptual metaphors, which represent a comparison of a specific situation to another concept recognizable by the recipient of the metaphorical idea. Thus, in the Olonkho texts, the “happiness” concept is represented using a pattern of “clapping one’s hands together”, a descriptive feature typical for depicting the Lower World representatives. It can be concluded that the representation of “happiness” in the analyzed texts is hyperbolic, purposefully exaggerated, and effective in producing an emotional and evaluative effect. It also demonstrates the hierarchic relationships within the folk-epic world and the belonging to a specific group.

Dimitrios Thanos, Tim Coopmans, Alfons Laarman

Checking whether two quantum circuits are equivalent is important for the design and optimization of quantum-computer applications with real-world devices. We consider quantum circuits consisting of Clifford gates, a practically-relevant subset of all quantum operations which is large enough to exhibit quantum features such as entanglement and forms the basis of, for example, quantum-error correction and many quantum-network applications. We present a deterministic algorithm that is based on a folklore mathematical result and demonstrate that it is capable of outperforming previously considered state-of-the-art method. In particular, given two Clifford circuits as sequences of single- and two-qubit Clifford gates, the algorithm checks their equivalence in $O(n \cdot m)$ time in the number of qubits $n$ and number of elementary Clifford gates $m$. Using the performant Stim simulator as backend, our implementation checks equivalence of quantum circuits with 1000 qubits (and a circuit depth of 10.000 gates) in $\sim$22 seconds and circuits with 100.000 qubits (depth 10) in $\sim$15 minutes, outperforming the existing SAT-based and path-integral based approaches by orders of magnitude. This approach shows that the correctness of application-relevant subsets of quantum operations can be verified up to large circuits in practice.

Dovletkireeva Lidiya, Magomadova Alisa

The article analyzes the problems of literary translation in the linguoculturological aspect: the authors pay attention to the semantic inconsistency inherent in lexemes in the source text and lexemes in the target language, give examples of semantic inconsistencies that arise due to the lack of equivalence of individual lexemes that have ethnocultural significance in the language picture of the world of the original work , reveal various variants of semantic relationships. The main part of the article analyzes various ontological errors that occur when translating a literary text due to the discrepancy between the language pictures of the world of the author and the translator on the example of the work of Chechen folklore - illi “Deer” and the lyrical works of the Balkarian poet K. Kuliyev. The authors clearly demonstrate that without the translator having background knowledge of the history and culture of the people to whom the original work belongs, it is impossible to achieve the adequacy of literary translation, while the ideal situation is when the translator is bilingual and, accordingly, the bearer of both linguistic worldviews, is able to correlate them , avoiding contradictions and mental and cultural distortions in translation.

Габріела Асталош

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of musical nationalism and the principles of its manifestations in professional compositional creative work. Results. The need for national identity, the desire to express oneself, and the focus on uniqueness drive humanity towards creating certain products of activity in the scientific, research, and creative spheres, collectively shaping the patriotic mentality of the entire nation. Every conscious artist who aims to lobby for national content in the socio-cultural and even political space through his creative work appeals to factors that are reproduced in the audience’s imagination as a symbol, code of the nation. The search for means and forms of expressing originality based on national characteristics, and the desire for cultural autonomy via the reproduction and artistic reinterpretation of typical features, mythology, mentality, folklore, etc. create traditions of the national style. The way this paradigm is expressed depends on the depth of experience of national issues by the author of an art work. Musical nationalism becomes the highest degree of realisation of the national idea in creative work, forms a unique concept, a content of which consists in conscious and purposeful reproduction by artists by means of music of bright national-mental attributes, values, ideas, thinking patterns and philosophising, psycho-emotional characteristics, temperament, world perception, and worldview, etc. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the history of Ukrainian art studies, the term “concept of musical nationalism” is introduced into scholarly discourse, and its meaning and the expediency of its use are explained. Conclusions. The professional musical art of any country becomes a reflection of the cultural heritage of the nation, and is based on the synthesis of the artistic content of the art sample, its emotional message, and those specific means of expression that are most capable of revealing the context of the work. One of the most distinctive identifiers of compositional creativity is the national factor, manifested by the artist in presenting characteristic features of the local society, certain archetypes, and traditions, which are originally interpreted in his heritage. A conscious, purposeful approach to the ideological content of music is the result of the author's creative reflection, a reflection through the prism of his own stylistic preferences and priorities of a number of national ideals, national dreams, centuries-old aspirations of his native people influenced by specific historical and political factors. All this forms the concept of musical nationalism.

Zhauhar M. Lokyaeva

This article is devoted to revealing the traits of origin, development, existence of riddle as a genre of Karachay-Balkarian folklore, identification of its principal specific features. It is observed that, having arisen based on sacred texts in a secret language, subsequently it transformed and gained a game form. At present, the game (ritual) part has lost its significance because of changes that have occurred in the way of life of the native people, and riddles functioned in a question–answer format. The addressee of riddles has also changed: if earlier they were mostly used by adults during game competitions, then today riddles are often ranked among children’s genres of folklore, contributing to intergenerational transmission of information. The conducted research allows to state the existence of a close connection between the content of riddles and realities that surrounded their creators (geographical landscape, the world of flora and fauna, the material and spiritual culture of the ethnic group). All this determined the range of the thematic scope of Karachay-Balkarian riddles and therefore increased their research potential both for specialists in folklore and for linguists, ethnologists, culturologists and ethnopsychologists. In addition, the attention of the works of this genre on the development of abstract, figurative thinking, fantasy actualizes the possibility of their use for pedagogical purposes.

Arianna Carta

This article presents an insight into archaeological disputes around female Neolithic figurines, starting with a historical overview of main academic interpretations of the figurines. Furthermore, it introduces feminist approaches in archaeology related to figurines, showing how androcentric bias has undermined theories and methodologies. Çatalhöyük case-study serves as an example of contrasting narratives. The article argues that academic devaluation of Marija Gimbutas’ work within contemporary archaeology can be considered a litmus test which show the pervasiveness of gender bias in this disciplinary field. Among peculiar arguments against Gimbutas’ theories, there are: menopause syndrome, gynocentric agenda, and reverse sexism, all of which show how the archaeologists have focused on personal attacks rather than on serious academic discussion. In the end, all those rhetoric strategies have shifted scholars’ attention from the main issue which is rarely addressed: why is it that the Neolithic period is dominated by female figurines?

Zixin Zhong, Wang Chi Cheung, Vincent Y. F. Tan

We study the Pareto frontier of two archetypal objectives in multi-armed bandits, namely, regret minimization (RM) and best arm identification (BAI) with a fixed horizon. It is folklore that the balance between exploitation and exploration is crucial for both RM and BAI, but exploration is more critical in achieving the optimal performance for the latter objective. To this end, we design and analyze the BoBW-lil'UCB$(γ)$ algorithm. Complementarily, by establishing lower bounds on the regret achievable by any algorithm with a given BAI failure probability, we show that (i) no algorithm can simultaneously perform optimally for both the RM and BAI objectives, and (ii) BoBW-lil'UCB$(γ)$ achieves order-wise optimal performance for RM or BAI under different values of $γ$. Our work elucidates the trade-off more precisely by showing how the constants in previous works depend on certain hardness parameters. Finally, we show that BoBW-lil'UCB outperforms a close competitor UCB$_α$ (Degenne et al., 2019) in terms of the time complexity and the regret on diverse datasets such as MovieLens and Published Kinase Inhibitor Set.

Riley Thornton

We leverage a correspondence between group actions and edge-labelled graphs in two ways. First, we give a unified presentation of several folklore results connecting weak containment, local-global convergence, and continuous model theory. Second, we investigate the difference between $\operatorname{Aut}(\operatorname{Cay}(Γ))$-fiid combinatorics and $Γ$-fiid combinatorics for various marked groups $Γ$. It's straightforward to see that these differences vanish when $\operatorname{Cay}(Γ)$ admits an $\operatorname{Aut}(\operatorname{Cay}(Γ))$-fiid Cayley diagram. We extend this to show that the approximate combinatorics are the same when $\operatorname{Cay}(Γ)$ admits an approximate fiid Cayley diagram, and we give several examples and nonexamples of groups whose Cayley graphs admit (approximate) fiid Cayley diagrams. In particular, we show that trees admit approximate Cayley diagrams for any group whose Cayley graph is a tree; Cayley graphs of torsion free nilpotent groups do not admit fiid Cayley diagrams; and there are groups with isomorphic Cayley graphs so that only one them admits even an approximate Cayley diagram (in fact our construction answers a question of Weilacher).

Germin Fawzy, Hend Mohamed, Omneya Mahdy

The woman was distinguished by her love for decoration and dress to show her beauty and femininity through clothes and accessories that were made of simple environmental materials These supplements evolved in the sequence of times and cultures, and their forms differed in terms of ores and decorations, and clothing supplements are divided into: related clothing supplements and separate clothing supplements. Related Clothing supplements: All that proves and is mounted on clothing by knitting Separate clothing supplements are complementary and non-uniform, and can be altered and altered, including handbags that are of great importance in different arts Where the handbag was initially made up of simple sacks of cloth, some were garnished, and the bag was hung from the person's belt and hung from it Then the methods of carrying the bag evolved and the woman is carrying it in her hand or on her arm. from this point the research will create metal handbags for women's adornment based on modern artistic trends especially directional (Art Nouveau) and (Art Deco). Through the study of the concept of costume and ornamental supplementation and its connection to the metal handbag, as well as showing the stages of the appearance of the handbag until it evolved in (Art Nouveau) and (Art Deco) And manufacturing it from metal In addition to analyzing a range of handbags in general, metal handbags particular in (Art Nouveau) and (Art Deco). The researcher uses metal material such as yellow copper alloy and red copper in carrying out these handbags, beside some non-metallic supplements and metal forming methods, Bags are also carried out through a variety of variables: (Fix the outer shape of the handbag and change the interior design- Change the external shape of the handbag with the installation of the interior design- Change the external shape and interior design).