This article investigates the process of mine clearance in Lithuania between 1944 and 1946, conducted through the Soviet paramilitary organization OSOAVIACHIM. Based on documents preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives and the Lithuanian Special Archives, the study reconstructs the extent of explosive contamination and the implementation of the Soviet demining policy in the Lithuanian SSR. For the first time, a systematic reconstruction is provided of how mine clearance operations were organized and executed, the challenges encountered, and their underlying causes, including insufficient training of specialists, shortages of equipment, limited engagement by local authorities, a high number of accidents and civilian casualties, and the efforts of the Lithuanian SSR authorities to align with Moscow’s expectations. The specific conditions of the Lithuanian SSR, including an uncollectivized countryside, limited industrialization, weak peripheral administrative structures, and widespread public distrust of occupation institutions, complicated the application of standardized Soviet practices. Although official reports declared Lithuania ‘cleared of mines’ by the end of 1945, a significant number of explosives remained. The study contributes to the historiography by elucidating the interaction of wartime legacies, militarization, and security dilemmas in postwar Lithuanian society, and by highlighting security challenges that continue to hold contemporary relevance.
Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians “in the habit of women” have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed “extermination” of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
Muhammad Amiruddin, Hendy Rifki Saputra Arifin, Syahrul Ramadan
et al.
Perkembangan teknologi sedemikian rupa ini tidak terlepas dari banyaknya pemanfaatan teknologi yang memudahkan kehidupan manusia. Akibat dari perkembangan teknologi juga berdampak di dunia pendidikan yang salah satunya yaitu ujian yang berbasis computer di tingkat sekolah dasar sebagai pengganti dari ujian yang berbasis alat tulis. SDN 1 Gadingkulon merupakan salah satu sekolah dasar yang juga harus memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis computer untuk pembelajaran dan ujian namun banyak siswa yang belum dapat mengorasikannya dengan baik. oleh seban itu sosialisasi dan pendampingan oleh tim pengabdian KKN di SDN 1 Gadingkulon sangat diperlukan. Metode pengabdian ini menggunakan metode Scientific yang dirancang untuk mengkonsep sebuah pemahaman sekaligus praktik. hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi dilakukan pada siswa kelas 5 dan 6 SDN 1 Gadingkulon berjalan dengan baik. Dilanjutkan dengan pengenalan fitur Microsoft Word beserta fungsi dan penggunaan. Kesimpulan kegiatan pengabdian ini ialah sosialisasi dan pendampingan berjalan dengan efektif dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada siswa setelah terlaksananya kegiatan tersebut. Sebanyak 90 persen siswa telah mampu mengoperasikan computer terutama pada ujian sekolah yang sebelumnya siswa tidak mengetahui tata cara pengoperasian teknologi computer.
General Works, History (General) and history of Europe
A escrita prisional proporciona um espaço real e conceitual através do qual se pode refletir sobre uma variedade extraordinária de aspectos sobre a vida na prisão. Para além dos conteúdos dos textos, estas fontes permitem a problematização das condições em que foram produzidos e das práticas institucionais que possibilitaram o surgimento destes arquivos. A pesquisa que aqui apresento arrola e analisa as produções textuais de presos comuns em acervos de diferentes países das Américas e da Europa, focando em um caso específico localizado no Brasil. No intuito de apresentar alguns resultados iniciais, pretendo neste artigo centrar em acervos brasileiros e na produção escrita em diferentes períodos do século XX. Os textos foramcolhidos devido às perspectivas que oferecem sobre duas questões-chave: Como as produções textuais dos presos foram compreendidas e usadas pelas instituições prisionais? Como a escrita prisional pode ser entendida como um contra-discurso contraditório e complexo, que busca protestar e/ou denunciar os abusos sofridos no cárcere, mas que em alguns casos corrobora as práticas institucionais e teorias criminológicas? Para isso analisarei o caso de Oscar, um detento da Penitenciária de Florianópolis (Santa Catarina) e noções ligadas a prática homossexual na prisão incitadas pelos seus escritos.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
The present research featured the content, specific features, and potential of military diaries as a historical source in the anthropology of the Great Patriotic War. The study was based on the views of the leading Soviet and modern specialists in the field of source studies and historical methodology. The author defined three approaches to the place of diaries in the classification of historical sources: 1) diaries as ego-documents, 2) military diaries as memoirs, 3) diaries as a separate group of personal documents. The research objective was to determine the potential of military diaries as a source for anthropological studies of the Great Patriotic War. The method of content analysis revealed the most important aspects for the dairy writers in extreme military environment. The biographical method based on the diary analysis made it possible to describe the image of homo militaris during the Great Patriotic War. Military diaries demonstrated a great potential for studies of war routine, healthcare, psychology, and enemy perception through the eyes of an ordinary military participant, the psychology of warring man, the perception of an enemy during World War I.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, Psychology
Este artículo describe el Fondo de Prontuarios Policiales del Chubut (FPPC), contextualizando la producción de los documentos que lo componen, y caracterizando las tecnologías de identificación que se emplearon para clasificar la población y controlarla conforme a la legislación nacional y los tratados internacionales suscritos por la Argentina. Se destaca el valor del Fondo, considerando que los prontuarios ofrecen información de síntesis sobre miles de habitantes del Chubut con fechas extremas de documentación desde fines del siglo XIX. Finalmente, se argumenta que este repositorio presenta potencialidades para diferentes líneas de investigación, considerando la diversidad tipológica y sus magnitudes.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
The Governments signatory hereto, being Members of the Council of Europe, Considering the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10th December, 1948.
Головною дослідницькою проблемою чергової книжки Максима Яременка, виданої як четвертий том щойно започаткованої Українським католицьким університетом серії «Київське християнство», є інкорпорація Київської православної митрополії до складу новоствореної уніфікованої імперської синодальної Церкви. Як і в попередній своїй монографії, дослідник суттєво коригує усталені стереотипи, які сформувались в українській історіографії під впливом т. зв. «національної парадигми». У цьому випадку йдеться про доволі міцно вкорінене твердження, що після зміни у 1686 р. Київською митрополією свого підпорядкування з Константинополя на Москву церковне життя в Україні було перебудоване за московським зразком, а всі «національні» традиції знищені. Дослідник підважує це емпірично, шляхом ретельного дослідження внутрішнього життя церкви, а також пробуючи відповісти на питання, яке, як видається, до нього ще ніхто не ставив: наскільки успішними були процеси якісного перетворення української церкви на частину синодальної?
Il contributo presenta alcune caratteristiche peculiari dell’arte di Yayoi Kusama, una delle artiste giapponesi più conosciute nel mondo, che da diversi anni vive in un manicomio. Pur essendo una delle artiste più amate dal pubblico, la sua attività riscontra continue critiche concernenti sopratutto il giudizio estetico delle sue opere.
L'attività di Yayoi Kusama viene “riletta” nell’ottica della biografia dell'artista che ha fatto delle proprie ossessioni un brand immediatamente riconoscibile in tutto il mondo.
History (General) and history of Europe, Language and Literature
Los golpes cívicos militares que interrumpieron los procesos democráticos durante el siglo XX en nuestro país cuentan con elementos identitarios que posibilitan un análisis en clave comparativas en el tiempo largo, no obstante también son susceptibles de marcar diferencias cuando se los analiza en territorios subnacionales determinados.
En nuestro caso presentaremos la ponencia en la cual describimos los sucesos de los aciagos días de marzo de 1976.
Descubrir los sucesos, determinar los actores políticos con trascendencia en los procesos políticos posteriores, analizar las actitudes políticas e individuales del gobierno derrocado y poner en valor ese momento de la historia en nuestro espacio provincial, es el objetivo general. Ello lo posibilita la hipótesis de que asi como hay generalidades que identifican procesos también hay peculiaridades que diferencian la concreción de esos procesos macros de los micros que se suscitan en distintos territorios.
Para lograr nuestro objetivo recurriremos a repositorios públicos y privados para revisar las fuentes primarias. Ese trabajo de vaciado documental lo reforzaremos con entrevistas semi estructuradas y abiertas a algunos de los actores que vivenciaron ese proceso y que luego cumplieron algún rol en la estructura política catamarqueña. Nuestra ponencia también aspira a enriquecer la escasa historiografía publicada para nuestra provincia en el momento en cuestión.
Palabras clave: Catamarca; Golpe Militar; 1976; Actores
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, History (General) and history of Europe
In Ibadi sources, the advent of the Fatimids has fuelled a memory of the Fall, the aspects of which we will examine. This vision is completed by the apologetical narrative of resistance against the “tyrants”. But how could the Ibadi orthodoxy compete with the heroic saga of Abū Yazīd, the schismatic figurehead of rebellion? First, by presenting him as a “Kharijite” leader who had spread the “fitna” over the whole country, and secondly by putting forward another revolt. The forgotten episode of Bāghāya (969) was seen as a legitimate and righteous uprisal, decided by the community and lead by its ulama. But this attempt to produce a counter-memory also sheds light on another reality: the coexistence between the Ismaili authority and the Ibadi-Wahbi community, represented by its religious elite.
Esse texto se inscreve no campo dos estudos sobre os usos do passado. Tomando como material de análise a obra da poeta portuguesa Maria
Teresa Horta, notadamente seus livros Cronista não é recado, Minha senhora
de mim, Novas cartas portuguesas e Educação Sentimental, analisa como
ela se utiliza de gêneros narrativos, tanto literários, quanto memorialísticos e
historiográficos considerados tradicionais para realizar uma releitura crítica
da história das mulheres e da escrita sobre e de mulheres em Portugal. Sua
obra redimensiona o uso saudosista de dados topos narrativos e das mitologias
nacionalista e conservadora que sustentaram, ao mesmo tempo, o regime
salazarista e a exclusão social das mulheres. Sua escrita realiza uma traição à
tradição e explicita que, nem sempre, saudade quer dizer regresso.