Hasil untuk "English literature"

Ying-Ying Leung, Laura Li Yao Hui, V. Kraus

Christie A. Lancaster, K. Gold, H. Flynn et al.

Qianwen Zhao, Meng Meng, Rahul Kumar et al.

Comorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This meta‐analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The languages of literature included English and Chinese. The point prevalence of severe COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing COPD and those with ongoing smoking was evaluated with this meta‐analysis. Overall 11 case series, published either in Chinese or English language with a total of 2002 cases, were included in this study. The pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe COVID‐19 was 4.38 (fixed‐effects model; 95% CI: 2.34‐8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (fixed‐effects model; 95% CI: 1.29‐3.05). There was no publication bias as examined by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = not significant). The heterogeneity of included studies was moderate for both COPD and ongoing smoking history on the severity of COVID‐19. COPD and ongoing smoking history attribute to the worse progression and outcome of COVID‐19.

Guillaume Lample, Myle Ott, Alexis Conneau et al.

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of language pairs. This work investigates how to learn to translate when having access to only large monolingual corpora in each language. We propose two model variants, a neural and a phrase-based model. Both versions leverage a careful initialization of the parameters, the denoising effect of language models and automatic generation of parallel data by iterative back-translation. These models are significantly better than methods from the literature, while being simpler and having fewer hyper-parameters. On the widely used WMT’14 English-French and WMT’16 German-English benchmarks, our models respectively obtain 28.1 and 25.2 BLEU points without using a single parallel sentence, outperforming the state of the art by more than 11 BLEU points. On low-resource languages like English-Urdu and English-Romanian, our methods achieve even better results than semi-supervised and supervised approaches leveraging the paucity of available bitexts. Our code for NMT and PBSMT is publicly available.

Raymond Paul Fisk, Stephen W. Brown, M. J. Bitner

G. Mandler

F. Bergaya, B. Theng, G. Lagaly

A. McCabe

Limin Zhou, Z. Zuo, M. Chow

G. Flores

R. Franche, K. Cullen, J. Clarke et al.

D. Kringos, W. Boerma, A. Hutchinson et al.

BackgroundEven though there is general agreement that primary care is the linchpin of effective health care delivery, to date no efforts have been made to systematically review the scientific evidence supporting this supposition. The aim of this study was to examine the breadth of primary care by identifying its core dimensions and to assess the evidence for their interrelations and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level.MethodsA systematic review of the primary care literature was carried out, restricted to English language journals reporting original research or systematic reviews. Studies published between 2003 and July 2008 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, King's Fund Database, IDEAS Database, and EconLit.ResultsEighty-five studies were identified. This review was able to provide insight in the complexity of primary care as a multidimensional system, by identifying ten core dimensions that constitute a primary care system. The structure of a primary care system consists of three dimensions: 1. governance; 2. economic conditions; and 3. workforce development. The primary care process is determined by four dimensions: 4. access; 5. continuity of care; 6. coordination of care; and 7. comprehensiveness of care. The outcome of a primary care system includes three dimensions: 8. quality of care; 9. efficiency care; and 10. equity in health. There is a considerable evidence base showing that primary care contributes through its dimensions to overall health system performance and health.ConclusionsA primary care system can be defined and approached as a multidimensional system contributing to overall health system performance and health.

Seda Ağgül

With digitalization, there have been some innovations in the field of accounting as in every field. However, there have also been various developments in educational methods. One of these is the Flipped Classroom method. The flipped classroom method, unlike traditional education methods, is based on the principle that the information about the course is given to the student in an electronic environment before the course. The aim of this study, which is thought to be the first study in the literature in which the studies on the Flipped Classroom Model in accounting education are examined by bibliometric analysis method, is to examine the studies in which the flipped classroom model is applied in accounting education and the results of the studies scanned in "Web Of Science (WOS)" by bibliometric analysis method. Web of Science database was used in the study. Bibliometric mapping, one of the bibliometric analysis methods, was used in the study and "VOSviewer" package software program was used. As a result, it was determined that the year in which the most articles on flipped learning in accounting were published was 2022, the country where the articles on the subject were studied the most was Spain, the vast majority of the articles published were written in English, and the journal in which the articles were published the most was Accounting Education. With the findings obtained, it is thought that the resources necessary for studies on flipped learning in accounting can be accessed more easily and effectively.

Evita Badina

The research examines the episode A Climate of Death from the British crime drama series Midsomer Murders (aired in December 2023), exploring how contemporary detective narratives integrate transcultural influences and ecological concerns. The study investigates the interplay of cultural diversity, environmental themes, and crime storytelling, using textual analysis as the primary method. Drawing on Wolfgang Welsch’s concept of transculturality alongside ecocritical and postmodern perspectives, the paper delves into the narrative strategies employed in this episode. By contrasting these elements with the more traditional frameworks of the Sherlock Holmes saga, the research highlights a shift in detective fiction – from reflecting Victorian-era cultural binaries to engaging with modern global anxieties. The study demonstrates that Midsomer Murders retains the genre’s foundational conventions while addressing contemporary societal challenges, creating a narrative space where local and global concerns converge.

Ivan Samuel Christian, Zuliati Rohmah, Ilyana Jalaluddin

This study focuses on analyzing the productivity of research in multimodal literacy in English learning by using bibliometric analysis. A total of 345 articles from the Scopus database were retrieved using keyword searches. The bibliometric data were analyzed using Biblioshiny in R and VOSviewer to analyze the most prolific authors, the total number of publications and citations, the publication productivity of each country and the total number of citations per country, the number of publications from affiliations, the number of publications from sources, and the keywords that often appear as material for trend analysis. The results of this study show that Jiang L is the researcher with the biggest number of publications in this field among the most prolific authors. The countries with the most publications and citations are the USA and China. Nanyang Technological University, Michigan State University, and Griffith University are the three highest affiliations that produce publications in this field. In the keyword analysis, it was found that multimodality, literacy, multiliteracies, and digital/media literacies are popular keywords that determine trends and are connected to new keywords such as writing, instructional strategies,  digital multimodal composing, ELL, critical thinking, challenges, curriculum design, drawing, apps, popular cultures and instructional strategies that are emerging in this field.

Michael Nieto Garcia

This conversation on translation theory and practice with Michael Nieto Garcia and a mixed group of State University of New York (SUNY) students took place on 29 October 2019 at the Potsdam campus in New York State. The talk/interview was conducted by the invitation of Professor Richard M. Henry for his Literature and Translation Studies course (LITR520), and it was supported by the Dorf Yes fund at SUNY Potsdam. Some additions were made to the interview transcript to provide explanatory context and to articulate key points. A concluding thoughts section was added to summarize some translation takeaways.

Vîlcu Dumitru-Cornel

This article envisages a possible tripartite division of (types of) being, in correspondence, one the one hand, to Eugenio Coseriu’s linguistic contents (significatum, designatum, sense) and on the other hand to Charles Sanders Peirce’s ‘participants’ in the process of semiosis (sign, object and interpretant). Being as eidos/ essence, corresponding to idiomatic significata, is responsible for the constitution of stabilities and/ or iterations within the otherwise perpetual flux of cogitata/ phenomena. Being as actual existence or particular, intentional object corresponds to the linguistic designata as they are produced through and by speech in the very linguistic act(s). Finally, being as ecstasis (in the Heideggerian sense of this term) or as sense represents the individual speaker’s ‘stance’ in the world, at the same time ‘opening’ it to interpretation by the others. Also, if on the levels of significata and designata language is simply/ purely logos semantikos, on the level of sense the three possible intents of the speaker (apophantikos, poetikos, pragmatikos) can be put into correspondence to the old/ traditional naming and understanding of temporal ec-stases as past, present and future respectively.

Z. Chan, W. Tam, Maggie K Y Lung et al.

Mufit Şenel

The outbreak of Covid-19 changed many aspects of people all over the world, including the type of education and learning/teaching styles. Transferring from face-to-face education to distance education brought some difficulties and challenges for both teachers and students. Among those observed challenges and problems, one of the most important ones was related to distance listening courses at an ELT department of a state university in Turkey. In the literature, no related or similar studies to discover the perceptions of ELT students about the online listening courses. Therefore, this present study aimed at discovering the 2nd grade ELT students’ perceptions about the distance listening courses carried out throughout the Covid-19 period focusing on whether students had encountered any challenges. To collect data, a 30-item Likert-type questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used. Randomly selected students (12) and listening course teachers (4) were interviewed to reinforce the findings of the study. Findings put forward that a great majority of the participants and instructors had negative perceptions and attitudes about online listening courses. The results of this current research will be of benefit to university instructors and syllabus designers in taking future urgent decisions and measures regarding the implementation of distance learning and teaching programs for students from different backgrounds.

Manar Marzouk, Maryam Omar, Kanchanok Sirison et al.

An effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework helps vaccination programme managers determine progress and effectiveness for agreed indicators against clear benchmarks and targets. We aimed to identify the literature on M&E frameworks and indicators used in national vaccination programmes and synthesise approaches and lessons to inform development of future frameworks. We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework to identify and synthesise sources on monitoring or evaluation of national vaccination implementation that described a framework or indicators. The findings were summarised thematically. We included 43 eligible sources of 4291 screened. Most (95%) were in English and discussed high-income (51%) or middle-income (30%) settings, with 13 in Europe (30%), 10 in Asia-Pacific (23%), nine in Africa (21%), and eight in the Americas (19%), respectively, while three crossed regions. Only five (12%) specified the use of an M&E framework. Most (32/43; 74%) explicitly or implicitly included vaccine coverage indicators, followed by 12 including operational (28%), five including clinical (12%), and two including cost indicators (5%). The use of M&E frameworks was seldom explicit or clearly defined in our sources, with indicators rarely fully defined or benchmarked against targets. Sources focused on ways to improve vaccination programmes without explicitly considering ways to improve assessment. Literature on M&E framework and indicator use in national vaccination programmes is limited and focused on routine childhood vaccination. Therefore, documentation of more experiences and lessons is needed to better inform vaccination M&E beyond childhood.