In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have become important informational mediators through which the public perceives urban spaces, and AI discourse has emerged as a powerful force in the construction of urban spaces. Using Guangzhou as a case study, we categorized urban consumption spaces into four types: shopping spaces, catering and entertainment spaces, tourism and leisure spaces, and residential and commercial housing. We constructed an evaluation question set for hallucinations in urban consumption spaces within a discourse-power framework and used hallucination tests to examine the commonalities and differences between Chinese and international AI models, namely, DeepSeek and ChatGPT, in the production of spatial discourse, thereby explaining how AI hallucination discourse constructs urban consumption spaces. The main findings of this study are as follows. (1) In the hallucination tests of urban consumption spaces, ChatGPT exhibited lower hallucination rates than DeepSeek at both the overall level and across individual categories. Residential and commercial housing emerged as high-incidence domains of hallucinations for both AI models, whereas the most pronounced divergence in hallucination rates between the two models occurred in tourism and leisure spaces. The primary sources of AI-generated content, in descending order, were news media, individual or commercial institutions, government agencies, and online encyclopedias. Both models tend to respond to mainstream spatial discourses, demonstrating a limited capacity for revealing the complex, diverse, and contradictory realities of the city. Specifically, ChatGPT favors generalized frameworks in its depiction of urban consumption spaces, whereas DeepSeek's spatial narratives display a planning-oriented logic aligned with urban development strategies. (2) By integrating and reproducing specific discourses originating from governments, news media, and commercial institutions, AI discourse operates as a novel power subject that constructs multiple "realities" and promotes the production of meanings attached to consumption centers, symbolization of architectural landscapes, and technologization of consumption spaces and also adjudicates spatial value, allowing its power to operate in a "rational" manner. (3) The AI hallucination discourse constructs space by producing subject positions tailored to users, such as "supporters of urban development," "experience-oriented consumers," "beneficiaries of technological progress," and "astute investors." As users identify with and accept these positions, they enact specific consumption-space practices grounded in particular forms of knowledge, generating new data that are subsequently mobilized to reproduce the same discursive system. In this process, a specific knowledge regime is sustained, and power continues to operate. From a discourse-power perspective, this study elucidates the pathways through which urban consumption spaces are constructed by AI in the era of artificial intelligence. Although, it advances our understanding of the modes and impacts of urban knowledge circulation amid the rise of generative AI, critical reflection on the discursive and power relations embedded in technological products contributes to ethical scrutiny of smart city practices.
The article examines the semantic and cognitive features of the term polon [captivity] in Ukrainian encyclopedic discourse. The analysis is based on scientific and reference sources in Ukrainian, including universal and specialized encyclopedias, online encyclopedias, encyclopedic dictionaries and reference dictionaries. The results of the study showed that the semantic specificity and functional features of the term captivity, which belongs to the conceptual fields of freedom/slavery and war, define it as a complex interdisciplinary unit, the nature of which cannot be interpreted solely based on the information contained in modern encyclopedias. The need to use both direct dictionary entries and indirect encyclopedic material (prisoners of war/captives) to clarify the semantic structure of the lexeme captivity is emphasized. The core, basic and peripheral semes of the concept of captivity are identified and adapted to modern realities. It has been found that the term captivity functions in articles of various types, styles and topics, and is most often found in articles about personalities, which allow for a deeper and more specific understanding of the semantic structure of the unit under analysis. A lack of information about captivity that corresponds to the realities of the Russian-Ukrainian war has been identified; therefore, to actualize the modern semes covered by the term captivity, an attempt has been made to draw on material from scientific discourse. It has been determined that encyclopedic discourse contains sufficient multifaceted material on captivity, but this information requires careful searching and recording, so emphasis has been placed on the need to create quick access to such an important term as captivity within a single dictionary entry.
The article offers a panoramic analysis of modern media lexicography, focusing on the current language communication development processes and information content evolution. The articleʼs purpose is to explain the reasons for the emergence and comprehensive analysis of new types of media dictionaries that correlate with the globalization processes of modern times. Particular emphasis is placed on the electronic media lexicography — dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries, etc., as well as new parameters of lexicographing dictionary entries, and the phenomenon of <i>e-lexicographic interface</i>, which should meet the requirements of the time and nature of the digitalized age, is explained. An attempt is made to classify media e-dictionaries based on their emergence and functioning in the virtual space, the parameters of media lexicographic editions of a new type are defined, their register part, macro- and microstructure, illustrative material, description features of dictionary entries, and data update formats are analyzed. On the basis of the collected e-card index for the future dictionary of media neophraseology, a model of a new edition is proposed with a focus on its electronic representation and the use of creolization, which allows us to refer this type of work to the innovative <i>media e-lexicography</i>.
Mykola Zhelezniak, Oleksandr Ishchenko, Zhanneta Kozina
et al.
Background and purpose
Outline the importance of sports encyclopedias as a form of spreading and promoting a healthy lifestyle and popularizing high-achieving sports for the social and humanitarian development of Ukraine.
Material and methods
In the article, the primary used research methods are overview and descriptive analysis (an overview of academic publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and National Library of Ukraine, as well as data on Ukrainian encyclopedias from the Corpus of Ukrainian Encyclopedias). This is a basis for descriptive analysis the capability of sports activities to improve the physical and mental (emotional, moral-volitional) resilience of the Ukraine’s population during wartime difficulty, the overall health level of the nation, and the demographic and accordingly economic situation in the country. Additionally, based on descriptive analysis, the potential of encyclopedias on sports and athletes in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activities among the population is examined). Reflection method is also used: authors offer a vision of how encyclopedic knowledge about sports and athletes should be structured to help improve the nation’s health, demographic, and economic situations, and thus resistance to Russian aggression).
Results
The war in Ukraine significantly damages the population’s health, adversely affecting the demographic and economic situation in the country. As a result, state humanitarian policy must focus on finding ways to counter these threats and emerging from this crisis. The article emphasizes that targeted, systematic development of sports and physical culture should be among the state policy priorities, as sports and physical activities improve population health. Authors show that promoting physical culture and a healthy lifestyle is crucial in this process, necessitating the studying of various information sources that can disseminate sports relevant knowledge and identifying the most effective ones.
Conclusions
Based on extensive justifications, the article proposes the idea of creating a Ukrainian sports encyclopedia as a means of promoting a healthy lifestyle among the Ukrainians, particularly essential in the post-war period. This would contribute to Ukraine's restoration by improving its demographic, socio-economic situation, and encouraging the return of Ukrainian refugees. The potential of a sports encyclopedia lies in highlighting and popularizing distinguished athletes who have achieved success and are respected globally, serving as role models, especially for the young generation of the country. The encyclopedic promotion of famous Ukrainian athletes is considered an effective mechanism for fostering a healthy lifestyle and patriotic feelings among Ukrainian citizens. The preparation of such a publication should rely on global encyclopedic-biographical experience, modern information technologies, and academic knowledge.
Sports, Recreation leadership. Administration of recreation services
The development of information technology encourages innovation in the world of education, including in the development of electronic-based learning resources. However, developing electronic encyclopedias based on the diversity of fauna in Indonesia still needs improvement. This research aims to develop an electronic encyclopedia about bird diversity as a source of learning biology. According to the Lee and Owens developing model, this research uses five steps of the developing process. In the final step, the evaluation involved 37 Biology Education Department students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang with a pretest-posttest group design. Data collection uses validation sheets, pretest-posttest questions, and questionnaires. Pretest and posttest data were analyzed using a gain score to measure its effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes. The effectiveness test results for each indicator item show that the average score for all aspects shows a percentage of 94.7% (very practical). Furthermore, the gain score is 0.47, which indicates that the encyclopedia is feasible, valid, and effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.
Bahtiar Adi Prasetya, Zilvanhisna Emka Fitri, Abdul Madjid
et al.
Sweet potato is a source of carbohydrates which is an alternative food in order to accelerate food diversification. This is due to the high productivity of sweet potato so it is very profitable to cultivate. Sweet potato has many varieties, one of the differences is observed based on leaf shape which has four kinds of leaf shape, namely cordate, lobed, triangular and almost divided. The problem that often occurs is that many varieties have similarities, causing difficulties in distinguishing sweet potato varieties, especially for novice farmers. To overcome this problem, the researchers created a digital encyclopedia of sweet potato varieties based on leaf shape using computer vision. The parameters used are area, perimeter, metric, length, diameter, ASM, IDM, entropy, contrast and correlation at angles of 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °. The amount of data used is 256 training data and 40 testing data. The K-Nearest Neighbor method is able to classify sweet potato leaf images for digital encyclopedias with an accuracy of 95% with variations in the values of K = 23 and K = 25.
Mykola Mušynka, Yaroslav Yatskiv, Mykhailo Andreychyn
et al.
In this article, Ivan Dziuba is seen as a public influencer, literary critic, co-chairman of the main editorial board of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. On his 90th anniversary, a combination of short communications by famous representatives in sphere of Ukrainian science and culture presented is presented here.
Jeremy Y. Ng, Darragh A. Dzisiak, Jessica B. Saini
Abstract Background Cannabis has increasingly become an alternative treatment for chronic pain, however, there is evidence of concomitant negative health effects with its long-term usage. Patients contemplating cannabis use for pain relief commonly see information online but may not be able to identify trustworthy and accurate sources, therefore, it is imperative that healthcare practitioners play a role in assisting them in discerning the quality of information. The present study assesses the quality of web-based consumer health information available at the intersection of cannabis and pain. Methods A cross-sectional quality assessment of website information was conducted. Three countries were searched on Google: Canada, the Netherlands, and the USA. The first 3 pages of generated websites were used in each of the 9 searches. Eligible websites contained cannabis consumer health information for pain treatment. Only English-language websites were included. Encyclopedias (i.e. Wikipedia), forums, academic journals, general news websites, major e-commerce websites, websites not publicly available, books, and video platforms were excluded. Information presented on eligible websites were assessed using the DISCERN instrument. The DISCERN instrument consists of three sections, the first focusing on the reliability of the publication, the second investigating individual aspects of the publication, and the third providing an overall averaged score. Results Of 270 websites identified across searches, 216 were duplicates, and 18 were excluded based on eligibility criteria, resulting in 36 eligible websites. The average summed DISCERN score was 48.85 out of 75.00 (SD = 8.13), and the average overall score (question 16) was 3.10 out of 5.00 (SD = 0.62). These overall scores were calculated from combining the scores for questions 1 through 15 in the DISCERN instrument for each website. Websites selling cannabis products/services scored the lowest, while health portals scored the highest. Conclusion These findings indicate that online cannabis consumer health information for the treatment/management of pain presents biases to readers. These biases included websites: (1) selectively citing studies that supported the benefits associated with cannabis use, while neglecting to mention those discussing its risks, and (2) promoting cannabis as “natural” with the implication that this equated to “safe”. Healthcare providers should be involved in the guidance of patients’ seeking and use of online information on this topic.
This study explains how the state controls the Civil Servants (PNS). The research uses the Library Research method with the type of normative legal research through a statute approach. The method used is to analyze the laws and regulations and the Presidential Decree (PP). There are three forms of regulatory data analyzed, first, primary data consisting of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law No. 8 of 1974 concerning Basic Personnel, Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning ASN, Law No. 17 of 2014 concerning the MPR, DPR, DPD, DPRD PP No. 10 of 1983 in conjunction with PP No. 45 of 1990 concerning Marriage and Divorce Permits for Civil Servants. Second Secondary which consists of legal writings, expert opinion focused on family law. The second secondary data consists of legal writings, expert opinions focused on family law. Third, tertiary data, information obtained from primary and secondary legal materials; legal dictionaries, world encyclopedias, and also the Big Indonesian Dictionary in order to provide an understanding of the terms used by the law. The approach in this study uses the theory of the state, law and function in looking at the position of civil servants and the involvement of the state in regulating marriage for civil servants. The results of this study indicate that there are two forms of state interest in regulating the behavior of civil servants; 1) political loyalty, 2) sexuality restrictions on civil servants (PNS).
Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects
Abril Cultural's encyclopedias addressed family-oriented issues, including a form of non-formal education for women. They sought to lead women's work in the role of domesticities and in the construction of the “modern woman”, in addition to integrating their reader to issues such as feminism. Based on the study of these publications, the aim is to discuss, in the context of the History of Women and the History of the Present Time, the use of the concept of modernity based on the appropriation of traditional world views by encyclopedias in female education.
Kobra Mirzakhani, Abbas Ebadi, Farhad Faridhosseini
et al.
Abstract Background A prerequisite to the interventions for well-being improvement in high-risk pregnancy (HRP) is to make the concept clear, objective, and measurable. Despite the wealth of studies into the concept of well-being in HRP, there is no clear definition for it. This study aimed to explore the concept of well-being in HRP. Methods This integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl’s approach. A literature search was done without any data limitation in dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias, well-being-related textbooks, midwifery, psychology, and mental health journals, and Iranian and international databases. The most primary inclusion criterion was relevance to well-being in HRP. The full-texts of all these articles were assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were analyzed through the constant comparison method and were managed using the MAXQDA 10 software. Meaning units were identified and coded. The codes were grouped into subcategories and categories according to the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of well-being in HRP. Results Thirty articles were included in the review, from which 540 codes were extracted. The codes were grouped into seven main attributes, eight main antecedents, and five main consequences of well-being in HRP. The four unique dimensions of well-being in HRP are physical, mental-emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. These dimensions differentiate well-being in HRP from well-being in low-risk pregnancy and in non-pregnancy conditions. Conclusion As a complex and multidimensional concept, well-being in HRP refers to the pregnant woman’s evaluation of her life during HRP. It includes physical, hedonic, and eudaimonic components. The assessment of well-being in HRP should include all these components.