Hasil untuk "Ecology"

R. May, A. McLean

D. Leslie

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N. Revsbech, B. Jørgensen

D. Eissenstat, R. Yanai

A. Escobar

This paper proposes a framework for rethinking the conservation and appropriation of biological diversity from the perspective of social movements. It argues that biodiversity, although with concrete biophysical referents, is a discourse of recent origin. This discourse fosters a complex network of diverse actors, from international organizations and NGOs to local communities and social movements. Four views of biodiversity produced by this network (centered on global resource management, national sovereignity, biodemocracy, and cultural autonomy, respectively) are discussed in the first part of the paper. The second part focuses on the cultural autonomy perspective developed by social movements. It examines in detail the rise and development of the social movement of black communities in the Pacific rainforest region of Colombia. This movement, it is argued, articulates through their practice an entire political ecology of sustainability and conservation. The main elements of this political ecology are discussed and presented as a viable alternative to dominant frameworks. Key words: political ecology, social movements, rainforest, biodiversity, afrocolombians, global networks.

P. Hudson

M. Bertness, S. Gaines, M. Hay

J. Russell, J. Rychlik

B. Whitton, M. Potts

J. Rosenfeld

Dazhong Wen

A. Ellison

P. Schmid-Hempel

R. Conrad

C. Webb, J. Hoeting, Gregory M. Ames et al.

Zhi Ting Yip, Zheng Bin Randolph Quek, Danwei Huang

ABSTRACT Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a powerful means of monitoring biodiversity, offering high taxonomic resolution and broad spatial coverage beyond traditional methods. To characterize ecological communities, it is critical to understand shifts in species composition through time to potentially differentiate resident from transient species in the studied habitats. This study used eDNA metabarcoding to examine temporal and spatial patterns of α‐ and β‐diversity across three distinct habitat types (sandy, rocky, and mangrove) at four coastal sites in Singapore over 1 year. We targeted invertebrates using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and vertebrates using the 16S rRNA gene. We recorded lower diversity at nature reserves, which harbor more rare species than unprotected habitats. β‐diversity differed significantly by site and time for both markers, though β‐dispersion generally remained consistent over time within sites for both invertebrate and vertebrate communities. The difference in marine metazoan communities was driven by high spatial and temporal turnover without strong directional trends across Singapore's coastal sites. These patterns reflect distinct, cohesive communities with limited seasonality, characteristic of equatorial climates. However, certain taxa showed monsoon‐associated distributions, except in mangrove habitats. Importantly, we suggest more mid‐ to long‐term surveys to elucidate the community of resident species. Our findings highlight the value of using eDNA methods to identify dynamic biodiversity patterns and support its use in long‐term ecological monitoring and conservation planning.

Ian McKinney, Qi Rao, Elizaveta Grushnikova et al.

This work presents the characterization of a large-scale pilot plant for nitric acid production that employs atmospheric-pressure plasma in a closed-loop configuration. The primary objective here is to evaluate the scientific and practical feasibility of using high-power Cerawave™ plasma torch technology, manufactured by Radom Corporation, to enhance the rate of nitric acid production of plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation systems, while achieving specific energy consumption (SEC) comparable to that of smaller-scale setups reported in the literature. We provide a comprehensive overview of the components of the pilot plant, its operational strategy, and the analytical models underlying its processes. Preliminary system optimization results are discussed alongside the outcomes from a controlled batch run. After 30.9 h of operation at 50 kW plasma power, the system produced 198.9 L of nitric acid with a concentration of 28.6% by weight, corresponding to overall SEC of approximately 5.3 MJ/mol. This SEC could be improved to 3.7 MJ/mol using absorption columns with greater than 90% absorption efficiency. Additionally, around 60% of the plasma power was recovered as usable process heat via a heat exchanger. These results demonstrate that plasma-based nitrogen fixation is scientifically and technically viable at higher production scales while maintaining competitive specific energy consumption using microwave plasma.

M. Maan, O. Seehausen

Denise Camargo Marcelino, Neusa de Fátima Mariano

A Festa de Santos Reis, uma manifestação da cultura caipira e do catolicismo popular, é realizada anualmente no município de Juquitiba-SP, no bairro rural dos Camargos. A partir dos conceitos de território e de territorialidade, busca-se compreender e refletir sobre a permanência de elementos da cultura caipira, tal como a Festa de Santos Reis, diante do avanço do processo de urbanização. O trabalho de campo para o registro de relatos orais de seus moradores, bem como a obtenção de demais informações durante a festividade, foi fundamental para a realização da pesquisa. É possível considerar, com a investigação, que apesar de a expansão urbana ter incidido sobre os modos de vida tradicionais, as diferentes apropriações do espaço se refletem na formação de territórios simbólicos que sustentam práticas da cultura caipira, tal como a Festa de Santos Reis, o que lhe confere o caráter de resistência.

Shenglin Li, Muneer Ahmed Khoso, Jiabo Wu et al.

The environmental conditions encompassing plants exert a significant impact on their appropriate growth and development. It is of utmost importance to investigate the mechanisms and signaling cascades underlying the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress in order to enhance the quality of crops. Plant growth and development processes are significantly impacted by abiotic stresses, which are intricately linked to their surroundings. Plants exhibit prompt genetic and metabolic network responses, mostly through signaling networks involving transcription factors that respond to stress, including WRKY, MYB, bZIP, AP2/EREBP, and NAC. Among these WRKY TFs transcription factors, fulfill a pivotal function in a diverse range of stress responses and developmental mechanisms. WRKY TFs greatly assist plants in coping with abiotic stress. These transcription factors oversee the control of several target gene categories and active involvement in numerous signaling cascades in plants through their interaction with the W-box cis-acting elements located in the promoters of these target genes.This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the signaling networks linked to WRKY TFs and their response mechanism to abiotic stress. In addition, we have explored the state of knowledge on WRKY TFs' effects on plants' response to a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, high temperatures, and cold. It elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms by which WRKY TFs govern signaling pathways and modulate gene expression, thereby conferring stress tolerance upon plants. Moreover, we have summarized the molecular function of WRKY TFs that are involved in tolerance to biotic stress. WRKY TFs, involved in signaling networks and hormonal routes like SA and JA, aid plants in inducing resistance mechanisms and coordinating defense responses against pathogens and environmental challenges. In order to enhance agricultural sustainability and augment crop resilience towards stress, strategies to manipulate the intricate regulatory networks involving WRKY TFs need to be established.