Hasil untuk "Dentistry"

AC. Myo, R. Raju, J.O. Piña et al.

Najla A. Barnawi, Fay A. AlAmmar, Sultan A. Aldabeis et al.

Abstract Despite the growing role of AI and robotics in healthcare, little is known about their integration into dental care for persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess dentists’ perceptions and attitudes towards and use of RT/AI in dentistry and identify the predictors of using RT/AI to care for PWDs in the Saudi context. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a previously validated online self-reported questionnaire via SurveyMonkey, targeting 309 Saudi and non-Saudi licensed dentists and dental/oral health practitioners, to collect data on the following: 1) Personal and work-related characteristics, 2) Perception toward RT/AI use, 3) Attitude toward using AI and RT in dentistry, and 4) Current use of RT and AI. RT/AI use rate was calculated for each clinical aspect and each type of impairment. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of dentists’ use of RT and AI to provide care for PWDs. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Our study revealed that 59.2% of dentists who worked with PWDs reported utilizing RT/AI in various clinical aspects. Almost one-fourth of dentists reported using RT/AI in clinical examinations (23.9%), managing complications (26.8%), and performing invasive procedures (28.6%). Nearly one-third of respondents reported using RT/AI for taking a history (30%), non-invasive procedures (31.5%), behavioral training sessions (32.9%), health education (36.2%), medical diagnosis (36.6%), diagnostic tests (38%), and treatment planning (43.7%). Over one-half (54.9%) and one-fourth (28.6%) of the dentists reported a positive perception and attitude towards RT/AI use in dentistry. However, after adjusting for possible confounders, only previous RT/AI training remained a significant predictor of RT/AI use among dentists working with PWDs (OR = 9.18, 95% CI 2.92–28.90, p < 0.001). Our study is the first in the Saudi context to investigate the use of RT and AI by dentists caring for PWDs. Previous training was associated with greater use of RT/AI in this context. Potential collaborations between dental institutes and stakeholders in the RT and AI industry are recommended.

Shushma Rao B, Ramya Shenoy, Praveen Jodalli et al.

Abstract Objective To determine the associations of hand grip strength and bite force on presence of plaque in the adult population in Mangalore. The research hypothesis was that hand grip strength, bite force, and plaque scores are associated. Results A total of 48 patients were included, among whom 20 (41.7%) were males and 28 (58.3%) were females, with a mean age of 39.8 ± 3.2 years. A significant relationship was observed between plaque score and education level (p = 0.043), method of brushing (p = 0.006) and frequency of changing toothbrushes (p = 0.000). Handgrip strength and bite force on both the left and right sides were significantly associated with sex (p value: hand grip strength on the right side (HG_rt) = 0.000, handgrip strength on the left side (HG_lt) = 0.000, bite force on the right side (BF_rt) = 0.008, bite force on the left side (BF_lt) = 0.007)) and employment status (p value: HG_rt, HG_lt, BF_rt, BF_lt = 0.000). Attrition was associated with handgrip strength alone (p value: HG_rt = 0.002, HG_lt = 0.011). No significant differences were observed between the plaque score and hand grip strength or between the plaque score and bite force on either the left or right side. Regression analysis with the plaque score as the dependent variable revealed no significant results.

Atchariya Wonginchan, Juraporn Tangpukdee, Suphasak Wonginchan et al.

Background. Thailand tends to have more access to online media. In 2020, the northeastern region had the highest usage rate. Especially school-age children have the highest usage rate. If misused for a long time, the consequences can adversely affect health in many aspects. Their parents should closely supervise and monitor them for this health problem. However, parents have limitations in caring because they have to work a lot. The aim was to study factors that influence working-age parents in holistic health care (HHC) of school-age children using online media in northeast Thailand. Materials and Methods. This research was a descriptive study, with a sample of parent amount 222. The questionnaire performed an item-objective congruence (IOC) = 0.60–1.00, the content validity index (CVI) = 0.90, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.93. The data collected then include the characteristics, use of online media, health problems, and health care. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and multiple regressions. Result. The results of the study are factors that influenced HHC with statistical significance (p≤.001) including the child’s gender, the child’s age, the child’s class, the type of internet, activities, the device, and the device owner. In addition, it was holistic health problems of school-age children such as physical, emotional, social, and intellectual. Importantly, these could explain the variation for HHC of 21.2% (adjusted R2 = 0.212), and the standard error in the model estimation was 25.06 (SEE = 25.06). Conclusion. Factors that influence school-age children’s health care are beneficial to preventing and solving health problems by using online media. Parents or health care professionals can use it as a guide to develop more effective health care strategies and policies. Ultimately, it will help to promote better health for children in an ever-changing digital world.

Hamidreza Amiri, Samira Peiravi, Seyedeh sara rezazadeh shojaee et al.

Abstract Background Nowadays, Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most popular topics that can be integrated into healthcare activities. Currently, AI is used in specialized fields such as radiology, pathology, and ophthalmology. Despite the advantages of AI, the fear of human labor being replaced by this technology makes some students reluctant to choose specific fields. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical, dental, and nursing students and experts in this field about AI and its application. Method This study was designed based on PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with relevant keywords. After study selection according to inclusion criteria, data of knowledge and attitude were extracted for meta-analysis. Result Twenty-two studies included 8491 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a proportion of 0.44 (95%CI = [0.34, 0.54], P < 0.01, I2 = 98.95%) for knowledge. Moreover, the proportion of attitude was 0.65 (95%CI = [0.55, 0.75], P < 0.01, I2 = 99.47%). The studies did not show any publication bias with a symmetrical funnel plot. Conclusion Average levels of knowledge indicate the necessity of including relevant educational programs in the student’s academic curriculum. The positive attitude of students promises the acceptance of AI technology. However, dealing with ethics education in AI and the aspects of human-AI cooperation are discussed. Future longitudinal studies could follow students to provide more data to guide how AI can be incorporated into education.

Emad Ghabrial, Anil Madaree

Background: Historically, South African plastic surgeons (PSs) have been managing cleft lip/palate (CLP) and craniofacial anomalies (CA). PS lead CL/P teams globally where the need arises. The complex, lengthy nature of CL/P management requires holistic services and collaboration between disciplines. Academic education should provide in-depth knowledge, interdisciplinary participation, and clinical exposure to field experts. Objectives: An investigation into exposure and knowledge of South African PS regarding management of CL/P. An opinion from practicing PS about academic educational needs for working with CL/P patients. Methods: Online survey and telephone interviews (a structured questionnaire) investigating opinions of PS in CL/P to determine satisfaction with the adequacy of academic education and perceived needs. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 41% of practicing PS from Medpages health-care provider database. Most respondents (63.3%) were between 30 and 49. Of them, 74% showed good general knowledge of CL/P. However, 76.5% acknowledged limited clinical training and exposure in this field, preventing them from adequate services provision to CL/P patients. Only 41% offered primary and/or secondary treatment to CL/P patients and 40% had participated in interdisciplinary teams. All agreed on the need for a dedicated training program(s) in CL/P management. The majority recommended subspeciality training through a clinical fellowship or a degree course. Conclusion: PS postgraduate academic training and clinical exposure are limited in the CL/P field. An educational strategy should be established to meet the needs of PS providing CL/P care. Part-time clinical fellowship and/or degree courses would prepare them adequately for a career managing CL/P and CA patients.

Gina Alessandra Donayre-Salvatierra, Julissa Amparo Dulanto-Vargas, Raul M. Olaechea et al.

Conclusions: Disinfection of TBs with CHX, WV, and MWs produces a significant effective reduction in the count of Ef.

Rana Turunç Oğuzman, Emir Yüzbaşıoğlu

Air-polishing powders are used to remove stains from the enamel and various restorative materials, but their effect on the discoloration of CAD/CAM blocks remains scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of various air-polishing powders on the color changes in different CAD/CAM blocks to predict the esthetic outcomes. Specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Mark II, Paradigm MZ100, Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, Vita Enamic) and divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the air-polishing powder: sodium bicarbonate; aluminum trihydroxide; calcium carbonate; glycine; and erythritol. Color parameters were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after air-polishing. The color difference was calculated with the ΔE₀₀ formula. Data were statistically evaluated with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and two-way ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). The CAD/CAM block type and the air-polishing powder type significantly influenced the ΔE₀₀ value, whereas their interactions did not affect it significantly. Calcium carbonate and aluminum trihydroxide significantly increased the ΔE₀₀ values of Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart. Although none of the groups exceeded the acceptability threshold (ΔE₀₀ = 1.8), most exceeded the perceptibility threshold (ΔE₀₀ = 0.8). Consequently, dentists should avoid air-polishing or should repolish with care, depending on restorative material knowledge, to maintain color stability when uncertain about the material encountered clinically.

Ada Njokanma, Olayinka Otuyemi, Kikelomo Kolawole

Background: Digit sucking habit (DSH) generates functional forces that can influence craniofacial morphology. Although the dental effects have been widely reported, its influence on the masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and upper airway (UA) dimensions is not well known.   Methods: Thirty (30) children selected from the orthodontic clinic (OAUTHC), with a DSH were matched with a group of 30 children without a DSH. Each group comprised of 16 males and 14 females. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle (MM) was performed to measure the left and right MMT in the relaxed and contracted states. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and 6 UA variables were measured on the x-ray. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Inferential statistics was done using independent sample t test to compare means. Results: Participants in the DS group had a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years, whereas those in the non-DS group had a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.1 years. The MM was generally thicker among the DS group, both in the contracted and relaxed states when compared with the non-DS group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean measurement of the width of the nasopharynx (P1) was significantly decreased among the DS group when compared with the non-DS group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values for the width of the oropharynx (P2), hypopharynx (P3), soft palate length (PNS-U1) and thickness (MPT) and the posterior bony boundary of the nasopharynx (PNS-Ba) between both groups. (p>0.05). Conclusion: Digit sucking habit caused a statistically significant narrowing of the width of the nasopharynx (p<0.05). The MMT did not differ significantly between the DS and non-DS groups both in the relaxed and contracted states.

Dewi Kania Intan Permatasari, Tenny Setiani Dewi, Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati

Background: Taste disorders often occur in the elderly, which can have serious consequences on their health status. Zinc and saliva volume have a role in maintaining taste acuity, especially in the elderly. Purpose: This study was to determine the correlation between salivary zinc levels, salivary volume, and taste disorders in elderly patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research. Elderly patients with and without taste disorders were included in this study. Salivary zinc levels were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method. Salivary volume was measured using the spitting method. The correlation between salivary zinc levels, salivary volume, and taste disorders was analysed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounding variables with logistic regression. Results: Based on our findings, no significant correlation was determined between the levels of zinc in saliva and taste disorders. However, there was a significant correlation between salivary volume and taste disorders. Salivary volume and smoking were determined to be associated with taste disorders. Conclusion: This research showed that salivary zinc levels were not correlated with taste disorders; on the contrary, salivary volume was correlated with taste disorders. Smoking was determined to be a confounding variable on taste disorders in elderly patients.

Sanjeewa Kularatna, Ratilal Lalloo, Jeroen Kroon et al.

Abstract Background The oral health of Indigenous children in remote communities is much worse than other population groups in Australia. Providing and maintaining an oral health service is challenging due to the remoteness of communities, the associated high cost, and the low retention of clinical staff. An annual preventive intervention delivered by fly-in clinicians may be a more cost-effective way to manage this problem. In this analysis we estimate the cost-effectiveness of an annual professional intervention for the prevention of dental caries in children of a remote Indigenous community in Far North Queensland. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted based on an annual preventive intervention protocol. This included treating all dental decay in those with disease, applying fissure sealants, a disinfectant swab, fluoride varnish and providing oral hygiene instructions and dietary advice to all participating school children. This study included an intervention group and a natural comparison group and both groups were followed-up for 2 years after the initial preventive intervention. A Markov model was built to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with the usual care. Costs of treatment from the Queensland Department of Health were used and effectiveness was measured as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with the CHU-9D. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify key drivers and quantify uncertainty. Results The preventive intervention was found to be highly cost-effective. The incremental cost per QALY gained was AU$3747. Probability of new caries and seeking treatment were identified as the main drivers of the model. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis intervention was cost effective in 100% of simulations. Conclusion An annual preventive intervention for remote Indigenous communities in Australia is a highly cost-effective strategy to prevent dental caries and improve the quality of life of children.

Sanaa Aljamani, Callum Youngson, Fadi Jarad et al.

Objectives: To develop a method to clinically identify the position of the lingual nerve within the lingual tissue in the third molar region by electro-stimulation. Methods: Following ethical committee approval a cross-sectional study was performed in 20 healthy participants. A proprietary Electric Pulp Tester (EPT) was used intra-orally to stimulate the lingual nerve and, to identify the vertical position of the lingual nerve, measurements were taken when subjects felt a projected tingling sensation in the tongue as the stimulation probe was placed directly over the nerve. The nerve location was investigated in three positions in relation to the third molar: Point A at the retromolar pad; Point C at the distolingual attached gingivae of the erupted lower second molar and; Point B at the midline of the erupted third molar (or when the third molar was unerupted, midway between Points A & C). Results: Out of 20 participants 18 (90%) were able to identify the projected tingling sensation on the tongue upon stimulating the nerve, allowing the nerve position to be identified. The mean vertical height of the lingual nerve relative to the third molar was 10.5, 10.75 and 12.5 mm for positions A, B and C respectively. The sensation related to nerve stimulation was well accepted by participants with minimal adverse events. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that stimulation of the lingual nerve with an EPT can clinically identify the position of the lingual nerve in situ. This technique may be useful for the clinical determination of lingual nerve position prior to third molar surgery. Keywords: Lingual nerve, Electric pulp tester, Anatomy, Extraction, Mapping

Magdalena Żukowska, Anna Fabian-Danielewska, Piotr Krajewski et al.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of bile ducts. This is one of the worst prognostic tumors of the digestive tract. The disease is asymptomatic for a long time, which is why it is detected in a high stage, which shortens the chances of healing. Surgery has a fundamental role in the treatment of gallbladder cancer. The patient survival prognosis depends mainly on the local severity of the disease, distant metastases and the radicality of surgical resection (R0).

Waleed Mohammed-Saeid, Rania Soudy, Richa Tikoo et al.

Purpose Achieving successful gene therapy requires delivery of a gene vector specifically to the targeted tissue with efficient expression and a good safety profile. The objective of this work was to develop, characterize and determine if a novel gemini surfactant-based lipoplex systems, modified with a cancer-targeting peptide p18-4, could serve this role. Methods The targeting peptide p18-4 was either chemically coupled to a gemini surfactant backbone or physically co-formulated with the lipoplexes. The influence of targeting ligand and formulation strategies on essential physicochemical properties of the lipoplexes was evaluated by dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering techniques. In vitro transfection activity and cellular toxicity of lipoplexes were assessed in a model human melanoma cell line. Results All lipoplexes zeta potential and particle size were optimal for cellular uptake and physical stability of the system. The lipoplexes adopted an inverted-hexagonal lipid arrangement. The lipoplexes modified with the peptide showed no significant changes in physicochemical properties or lipoplex assembly. The modification of the lipoplexes with the targeting peptide significantly enhanced protein expression 2-6 fold compared to non-modified lipoplexes. In addition, p18-4 modified lipoplexes significantly improved the safety of the lipoplexes. The ability of the p18-4 modified lipoplexes to selectively express the model protein was confirmed by using healthy human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). Conclusion The gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes modified with p18-4 peptide showed significantly higher efficiency and safety compared to the system that did not contain a cancer targeting peptide and provided evidence for their potential application to achieve targeted melanoma gene therapy.

C. M. Sturdevant

C. Misch, F. Dietsh

Community Systems

Jonathon Timothy Newton, David Buck

S. Cohen, J. Fiske, J. T. Newton

Aditya Jain, Ramta Bansal, KD Singh et al.

Background: Teaching in most Asian countries is still dominated by teacher-centered classrooms in which students passively receive information from the teacher. Studies have shown that students’ inactivity in traditional teacher-centered classes makes them bored that consequently decrease their concentration and learning. To counter these problems active learning methods are being promoted to enhance their interest in studying. This present study was done to explore effective teaching system from a student’s perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the attitude of medical and dental first year students towards teaching methods. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken at on 150 Medical and Dental first year students. The study was conducted using general questionnaires along with feedback form to know their opinion about different teaching methodology. Results: A 94.67% of the students were unsatisfied with traditional Lecture teaching. 89.33% favoured combination of traditional lectures and active learning techniques, 74.67% students find active learning methods to be interesting, 77.33% found them as attention seekers, 89.33% are motivated for in-depth study and 85.33% students are motivated for independents learning. 100% students agreed that active learning methods provide opportunities of student interaction while 86.67% students are happy with the teacher–student interaction it provides. Audio-visual aids are the most favoured (94.67%) and test questions are most criticized active teaching method. Conclusion: Our study disclosed that the majority of student’s positively believe in using different active learning techniques for classroom activities.