Deva Menéndez García, Daniel Carmona Cardona , Isabella Tobón Franco
Este trabajo analiza el impacto del neoliberalismo en el diseño urbano y la sostenibilidad de Medellín, centrándose en la transformación de la ciudad bajo políticas neoliberales desde la década de 1980. A partir de la revisión de los principales instrumentos de planeación del Área Metropolitana de Medellín —como la Ordenanza Departamental n.º 34 de 1980, el Plan Integral de Desarrollo Metropolitano (PIDM) 2008-2020 y el Acuerdo Metropolitano 40 de 2007—, se evalúa la planeación del Valle de Aburrá como centro conurbado y la efectividad de sus políticas públicas ambientales. Asimismo, se examina la interacción entre los sectores público y privado en proyectos urbanos estratégicos, como Metroplús y el Parque Arví. Los hallazgos evidencian una fragmentación social, territorial y ambiental, así como una estética urbana orientada al turismo ecológico, cuyos efectos en la sostenibilidad y la equidad social resultan cuestionables. Se concluye que estos elementos han sido instrumentalizados como herramientas de neoliberalización urbana, lo que pone en entredicho su verdadera contribución a la justicia ambiental y social.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
Mohammad Hajipour, Hossein Ekramy Moghaddam, Mohammad Eskandari Sani
IntroductionRural sustainable development is a multifaceted challenge for spatial planning and management systems, requiring integrated strategies that harmonize economic, technological, environmental, and socio-cultural subsystems to foster cohesive growth. Effective approaches must also incorporate strategic planning and regulatory actions to ultimately achieve equitable rural development and reduce urban-rural disparities. In this context, global experiences increasingly support the adoption of green management as a viable pathway. Iran and its surrounding geographical regions face severe environmental challenges, including natural resource degradation, water scarcity, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. These pressures amplify the urgency of embracing green management, sustainable development, and the green industrial revolution—particularly in rural areas. The Deyhook district in Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran, exemplifies these challenges: chronic water scarcity, soil erosion, declining biodiversity, reliance on water-intensive agriculture, and weak waste and renewable energy management. For instance, due to climate change and prolonged droughts, among 16 villages with populations over 20 households, eight larger villages receive water via tanker trucks under rationing from Deyhook city, while the remaining eight face severe declines in spring and qanat yields. In many villages, agriculture has collapsed entirely, wells have been equipped with smart meters, and residents struggle to secure even basic domestic water supplies. Moreover, excessive groundwater extraction by coal mines at three geographically dispersed sites has led to the abandonment of villages such as Parudeh, Pikuh, and Nistan. If current trends continue, the long-term habitability of the region is at serious risk. Since the sustainability of human settlements fundamentally depends on residents’ livelihoods—and, by extension, on reliable and sustainable access to productive resources—proper management, particularly within a green management framework, can not only promote resource efficiency but also enhance the economic, social, and environmental resilience of these communities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the rural settlements of Deyhook district based on green management principles and to propose practical solutions for transforming the current unsustainable conditions into a more resilient and sustainable future. MethodologyThis study is applied in purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical population consists of two expert groups: regional experts and local experts and informed stakeholders. The first group—regional experts—includes seven members comprising technical staff from the Deyhook district administration and university academics with expertise in sustainable rural development. This group was responsible for identifying key criteria and sub-criteria related to rural green management and determining their relative weights using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), a multi-criteria decision-making method suitable for capturing interdependencies among factors. The second group—local experts and informed stakeholders—comprises village administrators (Dehyars) and members of Islamic Councils from all 16 villages in the Deyhook district. In each village, a local expert panel of 2 to 4 members was formed. These panels participated in assessing the current status of their villages regarding green management indicators through structured questionnaires based on the Rural Settlement Evaluation Framework. Data collected from these assessments were analyzed using the MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) method to rank villages based on their performance in green management. Finally, to identify actionable strategies for improvement, insights from both expert groups were integrated and structured within the SOAR framework (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results), which emphasizes positive, vision-driven planning. This mixed-method approach—combining ANP for weighting, MARCOS for ranking, and SOAR for strategy development—ensures a robust, participatory, and context-sensitive evaluation, supporting both diagnostic analysis and practical intervention in rural sustainability planning. FindingsAt the macro level, the criterion "Residents' Environmental Ethics and Culture" holds the highest weight (0.166), indicating that experts view behavioral change, awareness, and the development of a sustainability culture as the most fundamental drivers of successful green management. Using the MARCOS method, villages in the Deyhook district of Tabas County were ranked based on green management criteria, revealing significant differences in sustainable development levels and performance. Esfandiar village ranked first with the highest efficiency index (f(Ki) = 0.665), emerging as a model for green management—likely due to stronger sustainable infrastructure, effective waste management, access to modern technologies, and a participatory environmental culture. Esfahk (0.611) and Chirok (0.607) followed in second and third place, reflecting relatively strong sustainability performance. Overall, higher-ranked villages (1–6) demonstrate better outcomes in infrastructure, renewable energy, education, and environmental culture. Key strengths include the region’s largest wildlife refuge with high biodiversity, vast coal reserves, and unique geotourism sites—offering solid foundations for green economy, sustainable tourism, and new energy initiatives. External opportunities, such as access to innovative climate and energy practices and engagement of foreign tourists in environmental stewardship, enable knowledge transfer and cultural investment. The defined aspirations—such as green management in all villages, full environmental compatibility, reduced resource waste, and full sustainability—reflect a shift from purely physical development toward a holistic, integrated sustainability model. Discussion and ConclusionThis study develops and applies an integrated framework for rural green management in Deyhook, a desert region under environmental stress. Using MARCOS, significant performance disparities among 16 villages were revealed, with Esfandiar ranking highest and Razaviyeh and Zardgah lowest. Experts emphasized "environmental culture" and "infrastructure" as key drivers, reflecting the importance of behavioral change and sustainable systems. Natural assets and external opportunities support green development. Context-sensitive strategies—like solar energy, water recycling, and civic engagement—are proposed. By integrating theory, field assessment, and practical solutions, this study offers a replicable, holistic model for sustainable transformation in arid rural regions, supporting policy-making, equity, and community resilience through participatory, knowledge-integrated planning.
Abstract While heat mitigation is crucial to achieving sustainable urban development, an inadequate understanding of the evolution of the urban thermal environment (UTE) and its relationship with socio-ecological systems (SESs) constrains the development of effective mitigation strategies. In this study, we use satellite observations from 2000–2021 to explore the evolving impact of SES interactions on the UTE of 136 Chinese urban areas. The results reveal a nonlinear intensification of the UTE over the period and an indication that an increasing number of urban areas have successfully applied UTE mitigation measures. Spatio-temporal patterns in UTE are shown to be strongly influenced by social and ecological factors and their interactions, whereby the higher the SES status, the stronger the decreasing UTE trend. These findings highlight the need for, and advantages of, developing win-win solutions for urban society and ecology and have important implications in creating integrated strategies for heat mitigation in promoting urban sustainability.
Levelers, as an essential part of organic additives in copper electroplating, play a crucial role in the fabrication of sophisticated interconnects in integrated circuits, packaging substrates, and printed circuit boards. In this work, four N-heterocyclic oligomers were synthesized and characterized, along with investigations of their electrochemical behaviors and their synergism with other bath components. The corresponding effects of the oligomers on the deposited copper films were analyzed by morphological and compositional characterizations. The leveling mechanism of the oligomers was further discussed with the aid of quantum chemical calculations. The results exhibit that each of these N-heterocyclic oligomers holds a particular degree of leveling ability. The oligomer of 1,3-bis(1-imidazolyl)propane and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (IPIEP) is the best leveler for THs plating compared with the other three oligomers. It was found that the hydroxyl group in IPIEP enhances the hydrophilicity of the modified molecule and triggers a more stable complexation between IPIEP and H2O−Cu(I)−MPS. Moreover, imidazole demonstrates a better practicality than piperazine. This work recommends the combination of N-heterocycles in planar conformation with modification by the hydroxyl group to synthesize high-performance straight-chain levelers.
Following part 1 of Port City Cultures, Values, and Maritime Mindsets, this issue explores how cultures of port city territories are put into words, visualized, and can even be shaped. Continuing the argument that port city territories merit particular attention due to their location at the border of sea and land and the presence of global and local interests and stakeholders of differing sizes, this issue emphasizes once more the role that culture, values, and mindsets can play in understanding the historical relations and socio-spatial features of port cities, their socio-cultural construction, and their future design. The issue emphasizes the value of considering ways of perceiving, defining, and classifying port cities in relation to social context and powerful processes of meaning-making in academia and in the wider society.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Objective: Sirjan city has increased the economic importance of Kerman province. Sirjan is the main transit point for goods to eastern Iran, as well as Europe and the Persian Gulf and the return route of all commercial goods is from Shahid Rajaei port of Hormozgan to Central Asian countries, Caucasus and Russia. This city has a significant role and position as a special economic hub based on the advantages of docking, in the economic structure of Kerman province and in the future, the importance of this economic position will increase. Also, Golgohar mining region with iron ore rich mines as one of the most important active mining and industrial hubs in the Middle East, has many potentials to become a large and competitive region in Iran and even in the world. Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company, as one of the main players in the region, with a production capacity of 8.5 million tons of concentrate and 5 million tons of pellets, has highlighted its role in the country's steel industry and as a special economic hub based on the advantages of docking, it has a significant role and position in the economic structure of Kerman province. also in the future, the importance of this economic position will increase. Whereas the role of transport in economic development and the creation of incentives to increase investment in this regard is undeniable; The process of selecting different transportation systems and combining them with each other is an important matter in planning the optimal development of Kerman province, because in the absence of the necessary information, transportation decisions regarding the existing demand are made based on experience. Methods: In this study, demand function of carrying minerals in the rail transportation system of Golgohar mine estimated with econometrics technique and panel data model during the period 2011-2017. And while introducing the factors affecting the demand for mineral transportation by rail, using the neural network, the future trend of demand for rail transportation of minerals has been predicted. Findings: The results indicate, value added of the mining sector, tonnage cargo of cargo road transported , cost of freight by train and cargo revenue are the most important variables and they have significant impact and effective on the demand for rail transportation of Golgohar minerals. The inelasticity of the demand for rail transportation of minerals in relation to freight costs by train was also confirmed in this study. Variables not only affect demand for rail transportation, but also a significant impact on the income of producers, industrialists, railroad and eventually to consumer prices. Because minerals as a factor in generating transportation costs has a high share in the cost price. Conclusion: Care should be taken to determine the choice of shipping method according to the time. Therefore, due to the lack of rail facilities and side lines in all areas of demand, at present, only the proposed solutions can be satisfied in the short term.
Economic history and conditions, Economic growth, development, planning
By comparing the successive development, government planning, and public expectations of two landmark historical and cultural districts in F city, this paper attempts to explore the state’s selection and cultural setting of heritage spaces, as well as the identity transfer of local residents in individual memory and collective creation. With case studies on historical districts of S and Y neighborhoods, this paper argues that the selection of heritage spaces is actually a borrowing of local history and culture by the state’s modernization tendency. With the extinction/reformation of the medium of identity, the aborigines struggle with disappearance of their place and the affirmation of heritage, eventually extending the boundaries of the meaning of “place” and shifting local identity to national and ethnic identity.
Retno Susanti, Retno Widjajanti, Grandy Loranessa Wungo
et al.
Population growth in the city of Semarang increases the need for residential land, shifting individuals from the center to the suburbs. Tembalang is a sub-district with a population growth of 3.69%. The trend in population growth is used to build gated homes, for middle and upper class individuals who need more comfortable, secure, quiet housing. However, the existence of a gated community makes a physical separation between community settlements. Privatization of public spaces in gated housing potentially leads to social inequality and lack of interaction with the surrounding community. The purpose of this study was to examine the social relations between the villagers around housing and residents of the gated community. The study uses questionnaires and open interviews interviews with 93 respondents from Kampong Gendong and a hierarchical analysis to examine social relations. The results show that there are social relations between gated housing residents and villagers based on residence, and they carry out several activities together. Also, housing typology influences the strength of the interaction between villagers and residents of the gated homes. In general, gated housing appear as a form of exclusive property with separate environmental facilities, which might be used by villagers to strengthen social interaction. The relations with the surrounding community play n important role in increasing the sense of security for residents of gated housing, unlike the use of perimeter fence or the guards.
RESUMEN:
Si los italianos son dulces, los españoles somos salaos. La sal como analogía de una idiosincrasia que mezcla lo exótico con el desparpajo propio de los hispanos. En contraposición a la delicadeza del europeo el temperamento español. Aunque sea considerado un tópico, en nuestra música queda reflejado a la perfección ese carácter. La música española es extrovertida, abierta, simpática, sociables, cordial, salada. En los géneros inspirados en la música tradicional más que en aquellos cultivos en la música académica se aprecia ese carácter, y entre ellos, y ahí vamos a centrar nuestra exposición, en las tonadillas, sainetes y entremeses de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y en nuestro género más internacional, el flamenco. En esta ponencia repasamos aquellos momentos en los que la sal es protagonista y, en la medida de lo posible, expondremos los elementos musicales que podemos considerar salados en los géneros mencionados. Estos contenidos han sido recopilados en los últimos años a través de la investigación en los archivos y bibliotecas que contienen las partituras de estas obras, así como el análisis de los estilos flamencos.
ABSTRACT:
If the Italians are sweet, the Spaniards are salty (salaos). Salt as an analogy of an idiosyncrasy that mixes the exotic with the self-confidence of Hispanics. In contrast to the delicacy of the European, the Spanish temperament. Although it is considered a topic, in our music that character is perfectly reflected. Spanish music is outgoing, open, friendly, sociable, friendly, salty. In the genres inspired by traditional music more than in those crops in academic music, that character is appreciated, and between them. And there we will focus our exhibition, on the tonadillas, saleros and hors d'oeuvres of the second half of the 18th century and on our most international genre, flamenco. In this paper, we review those moments in which salt is the protagonist and, as far as possible, we will present the musical elements that we can consider salty in the aforementioned genres. These contents have been compiled in recent years through research in the archives and libraries that contain the scores of these works, as well as the analysis of flamenco styles.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
A new government report on climate change shows that global emissions of greenhouse gases have increased to very high levels despite various policies to reduce climate change. Building energy accounts for 40% of the world’s energy consumption and accounts for 33% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. This study applied the LEAP (Long-range energy alternatives planning) model and Bass diffusion method for predicting the total energy consumption and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions from the residential and commercial building sector of Sejong City in South Korea. Then, using the Bass diffusion model, three scenarios were analyzed (REST: Renewable energy supply target, BES: Building energy saving, BEP: Building energy policy) for GHG reduction. The GHG emissions for Sejong City for 2015–2030 were analyzed, and the past and future GHG emissions of the city were predicted in a Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario. In the REST scenario, the GHG emissions would attain a 24.5% reduction and, in the BES scenario, the GHG emissions would attain 12.81% reduction by 2030. Finally, the BEP scenario shows the potential for a 19.81% GHG reduction. These results could be used to guide the planning and development of the new city.
A screw jack is a device which converts input torque into amplified axial force, capitalizing on the device's gearbox mechanism. Traditionally used in auto repair shops, the screw jack has been studied for the first time for active structural control. The dynamic properties of the device were investigated using open loop control, and the screw jack was found to have a high delay between command and measured force. Numerical simulations and parametric studies of SDOF systems with an LQG-controlled screw jack showed improvements to structural performance at four different levels of control effort. Loop simulation method experiments were conducted under seven ground motion records—benefits to structural response were dependent on the type of earthquake, with greater benefits observed for records with greater low-frequency content. Future work should investigate the types of structures and earthquakes for which the screw jack is most impactful using real-time hybrid simulation.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
In this study, the geometric accuracy of four different maps for three sectors of Duhok city was
assessed. The maps were produced in different periods and different techniques. One set of maps was
paper plotted maps, which had to be geo-referenced. The other three maps were digitally plotted with
reference to the global coordinate system UTM/WGS-84/Zone 38 N projection. A total of 51 points
were identified on one reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok city prepared by the general
directorate of urban planning/Kurdistan region/Iraq with the collaboration of the German company
Ingenieurburo Vossing Company. The reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok governorate,
is an official map that is certified and checked by the ministry of planning of the Kurdistan region to
have a positional accuracy of ±1.5 cm. These points were searched for and identified on the other
three maps. Discrepancies in Easting and Northings of these points were calculated, which resulted in
the mean discrepancy of 2.29 m with a maximum value of 8.5 m in one event. The maximum standard
deviation in dE and dN was 3.8 m. These values are reasonably accepted, considering that the maps
were prepared using different techniques and a variable accuracy standard.
Urban expansion, the extent of urbanization or land use, has now become a global issue, especially in Third World cities. In spite of the development and increase of the population of large cities, the emergence of various and complex socioeconomic issues within cities and the arrival of the major cities of the Third World into the world economic system, urban planning has become new dimensions and has led to an accurate analysis of the socio-political conditions in the urban geography area. Over the past decades, wide-ranging social, economic, and environmental changes have been observed in the country, largely leading to spatial changes. Understanding the pattern of urban development in order to guide the sustainable development of the city is essential. Understanding the pattern of physical development of the city is essential in order to steer the sustainable development of the city. To understand the development and non-development of the regions, it is necessary to study the pattern of regional inequalities, the difference between the regions and the level of the superiority of a location relative to the structure of similar places in the city. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of development of urban areas of Urmia from the studied indices. To achieve this goal, 19 of the main variables in the physical index (residential, commercial, educational, religious, cultural, tourism, health, etc.) have been used. To analyze the research data, the Gama Fuzzy Operator has been used in the GIS environment as well as through the use of selected criteria by Fuzzy Hierarchy Process Analysis (FAHP).
En los últimos lustros el paisaje de nuestro país ha sido invadido por numerosas urbanizaciones deshabitadas, con edificios terminados o a medio construir, solares en el interior de las ciudades, terrenos urbanizados vacíos, infraestructuras y equipamientos sin uso, operaciones ruinosas consecuencia de la burbuja inmobiliaria y la crisis económico-financiera.
Estas urbanizaciones y edificios fantasma están presentes en gran diversidad de paisajes de la Península, sobre todo en áreas del litoral pero también en el interior, ubicadas generalmente en terrenos próximos a pueblos y ciudades de nuestra geografía, e incluso en parques y parajes naturales que gozaban de protecciones de escala nacional e internacional.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Between 2002 and 2008 there was a revision of the Master Plan of F ortaleza. The Juraci Magalhães management produced a plan that was never voted, contested by agents who criticized the lack of democratization and popular participation. The management Luizianne Lins restarted the review , generating a plan approved by consensus. This article analyzes the institutional design, the formation of decisions and potential democratic character of these experiences. The methodology involved analysis of documents and videos, direct observation and conducting semi- structured interviews. It is estimated that there were important democratic innovations. However , the innovations non-impacted the institutional structures, making it insufficient to permanently change the correlations of strength, the rules and social behaviors in urban planning in the city .
Jurnal Ruang-Space mendedikasikan publikasinya untuk memperoleh pemahaman terhadap ruang dan lingkungan binaan. Jurnal ini ditujukan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan dalam publikasi ilmiah, khususnya yang menempatkan lingkungan binaan sebagai bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari ilmu-ilmu sosial maupun politik. Dalam konteks ini, Jurnal Ruang mempublikasikan artikel-artikel yang mendorong kemunculan pemikiran-pemikiran kritis, sebagai salah satu karakteristik dari era pasca-modern dan globalisasi. Pemahaman terhadap lingkungan binaan secara menyeluruh dilaksanakan dengan memproposisikan pendekatan lintas disiplin, dan cara berpikir yang tidak semata dibatasi bidang keprofesian tertentu. Adapun fokus pembidangan Jurnal ini adalah pada isu-isu yang muncul sebagai akibat pembangunan keruangan untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan bermukim umat manusia di era milenium ketiga. Fokus ini mencakup disiplin arsitektur, perencanaan, arsitektur landskap, perancangan kota, termasuk juga pandangan serta interprestasi terhadap lingkungan binaan dari kacamata urban geografi, sosiologi dan ilmu politik. Dalam mendukung visi global ini, kami mengundang partisipasi dari penulis, baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun luar Indonesia.
Secara detil, Jurnal Ruang-Space menerima artikel yang membahas isu-isu berkenaan sustainabilitas, wujud kota (urban form), urban landskap (urban landscape), desain kontrol, wujud serta organisasi spasial kemasyarakatan, etnik arsitektur, perumahan untuk masyarakat berpendapatan rendah, kebijakan serta urban politik, and desain perkotaan. Jurnal ini menyambut baik kajian terhadap beragam teori dalam wujud aplikasi maupun temuan, baik yang berupa fakta maupun analisis baru. Dalam konteks ini, pendekatan serta pemikiran berbasis multidisiplin menjadi sebuah keharusan, dan bukan perkecualian. Pendekatan berpikir 'outside the box' akan menjadi karakter penting dalam pencapaian tujuan ini. Melalui publikasi Jurnal Ruang -Space kami berharap bisa membangun visi yang dinamik dan menarik, yang berbeda dengan wujud publikasi yang hanya dilandasi oleh pandangan bahwa perencanaan dan perancangan arsitektur sebagai satu-satunya elemen penentu kualitas fisik maupun sosial dari lingkungan binaan, dimana kita berada.
Selain bertujuan menyediakan ruang untuk publikasi terkait topik-topik di atas, Jurnal Ruang-Space juga mempublikasikan artikel berdasarkan tema spesifik, yang secara khusus dan mendalam membahas isu-isu tertentu. Tema ini dibangun dalam batas lingkup topik publikasi, misalnya: pembangunan keruangan desa, ruang pada sistem kemasyarakatan tradisional, pengaruh globalisasi terhadap budaya keruangan lokal, dan mekanisme penggendalian pembangunan keruangan di daerah. Disamping itu, sebagai sebuah produk publikasi dari Program Studi Magister Arsitektur, Universitas Udayana, Bali, kami memiliki misi menjadikan Jurnal ini sebagai media untuk mendiskusikan isu-isu penting yang sedang dihadapi masyarakat di Pulau Dewata. Ini khususnya mencakup permasalahan pembangunan dan budaya secara keseluruhan. Di permukaan, debat berkenaan topik ini bertautan erat dengan industri kepariwisataan, yang dampaknya sudah sangat jelas bisa diidentifikasi, dan telah diinterprestasikan secara beragam. Di satu sisi, industri ini seringkali dipandang memiliki peran destruktif terhadap lingkungan dan budaya lokal, namun pada saat yang sama telah berkontribusi secara besar-besaran terhadap pembangunan ekonomi. Sirkumsatansi ini bukanlah hal langka yang hanya dialami Bali, namun pulau ini memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai laboratorium, dimana permasalahan yang muncul sebagai akibat pembangunan pariwisata bisa dipelajari secara mendalam.
Selain mempublikasikan artikel dengan format dan substansi tersebut di atas, ke depannya, Jurnal Ruang-Space juga mengundang tiga tipe publikasi. Pertama, book review (maksimum 1000 kata). Kedua, viewpoints yang memamaparkan pandangan-pandangan kekinian atau kritik terhadap sebuah teori, metode, topik-topik tertentu, dan lain-lain yang dipandang oleh penulis telah terlalaikan atau dimisinterprestasikan (1000-2000 kata). Ketiga, review terhadap artikel yang tidak hanya mereview buku tertentu, tetapi melingkup juga sejarah, dampak, buku-buku yang memiliki kemiripan, kritik terhadap teori (2000-3000 kata).
Melalui kesempatan ini, kami ucapkan selamat bergabung kepada anggota Dewan Editor Jurnal Ruang-Space. Terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kami sampaikan kepada Ibu dan Bapak Anggota Dewan Editor atas kesediaannya untuk berpartisipasi dalam publikasi ini. Kami berharap, melalui dukungan Ibu dan Bapak, Jurnal Ruang-Space akan mencapai misinya untuk berperan sebagai media komunikasi bagi pemikiran-pemikiran baru serta hasil-hasil studi di bidang lingkungan terbangun. Anggota Dewan Editor Jurnal Ruang-Space memiliki latar belakang kepakaran yang beragam dan telah memiliki pengakuan di bidangnya masing-masing. Ini melingkup kepakaran di bidang rancang bangun, pembangunan dan perencanaan, perancangan kota, politikal ekonomi, sosiologi, sejarah dan antrofologi.
Edisi perdana Jurnal Ruang-Space diawali dengan artikel yang dikontribuskan oleh Profesor Alexander Cuthbert (UNSW, Australia), salah satu guru besar tamu di Universitas Udayana. Artikel pertama ini mempersonifikasikan beberapa aspek dari permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam perancangan kota, dengan menawarkan sebuah pendekatan teoritis baru. Tulisan ini memandang bahwa estetika dan interprestasi terhadap budaya di bidang arsitektur bisa dilihat melalui kacamata teori-teori sosial. Artikel kedua ditulis Ni Made Dhina Avianthi Irawan, salah seorang staf Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum Bali di bidang Penataan Bangunan dan Lingkungan. Dhina membahas tentang pembangunan citra Kota Blahkiuh berdasarkan pengalaman serta pandangan masyarakat pengamat perkembangan kota. Blahkiuh merupakan salah satu contoh kota golongan IV di Bali. Tulisan ketiga disajikan oleh Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi, salah satu staf pengajar dari Sekolah Tinggi Desain, Bali. Tulisan Emmi mengkaji tentang pemanfaatan ruang-ruang komunal di Desa Pedungan (Denpasar), wujud perubahan fungsi yang ada dan faktor-faktor penyebab perubahan ini.
Artikel keempat ditulis oleh I Made Wirata (arsitek profesional) dan Ngakan Putu Sueca (profesor Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Udayana). Tulisan ini membahas tentang konsep rumah adat Suku Sasak di Dusun Segenter, Lombok Utara. Keunikan permukiman ini adalah pada penempatan ruang-ruang yang sangat tergantung dari penempatan pintu dan bale sakanem (bangunan dengan 6 tiang struktur). Artikel kelima ditulis oleh Dinar Sukma Pramesti, seorang arsitek profesional. Tulisan Dinar mendiskusikan tentang tipe rumah panggung di Kampung Loloan, Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali. Dinar menggarisbawahi jika bentuk arsitektur rumah panggung kampung ini telah berkembang, menyesuaikan kondisi sosial-budaya, ekonomi, umur bangunan, ketersediaan lahan, dan preferensi dari penghuni.
Artikel keenam disusun oleh I Nengah Riana, Widiastuti, dan Ida Bagus Gde Primayatna, staf akademik dari Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, (Bali) dan Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Udayana. Paper ini menstudi salah satu permasalahan serius yang semakin dihadapi Kota Denpasar, yaitu perubahan pemanfaatan ruang terbuka hijau. Perubahan ini dilihat dari wujud perubahannya serta faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya alih fungsi ini. Artikel ketujuh mengkaji tentang relevansi dari perumahan berlantai banyak dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan untuk masyarakat berpendapatan rendah di daerah perkotaan di Indonesia, yang ditulis oleh Gusti Ayu Made Suartika, seorang akademik dari Program Studi Magister Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Spasial Desa/Kota, Universitas Udayana.
Akhirnya terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya disampaikan kepada para penulis, wakil editor, anggota dewan editor, staf editor, dan team produksi, yang telah berkontribusi dan bekerja keras sehingga publikasi Jurnal RUANG-SPACE terealisasikan.
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Ruang-Space is a new journal dedicated to the understanding of space and the built environment. It has been created to fill a major gap in academic publishing in Indonesia, where the physical built environment remains somewhat detached from its counterparts in social science and urban politics. To this extent Ruang-Space focuses on development in general, encouraging lateral thinking as a dominant characteristic of post-modern thought and the politics of globalisation. The intention is to address the built environment as a whole, and to dispense with the barriers and silos that define professional thinking. So the subject matter of the journal will focus on major issues emerging from the development of human settlements in the third millennium. These will of necessity include the disciplines of architecture, planning, landscape architecture and urban design, as well as interpretations of the built environment emerging from urban geography, sociology and political science. In order to support our global vision, we encourage articles and reviews from around the world.
In greater detail, we welcome submissions dealing with sustainability, urban form, the urban landscape, design control, community organisation, ethnic architecture, housing for the poor, urban politics and policy, and the design of cities. But in addition to our overall intention to broaden the analysis of settlement form and structure in Indonesia and abroad, we wish to push forward the barriers on significant theory, either in its application or in the discovery of new facts and forms of analysis. In so doing we accept that in the increasingly globalising world of postmodernity, cross disciplinarity is becoming the rule rather than the exception, and that thinking ‘outside the box’ is now a necessary characteristic of this process. Hence submissions which further these ideas will be encouraged in the peer-refereeing process that we will pursue. Under the umbrella of Ruang-Space, we hope to generate a dynamic and interesting vision of the built environment that stands in contrast to journals whose subject matter is contained within a narrow vision of architecture and planning as constraining determinants of social space.
While it is our intention to make space available on a continuing basis to a diversity of submissions, as is now the norm we intend to publish occasional ‘themed’ issues that cover particular subjects in significant depth, for example in kampung development, space in traditional societies, the impact of globalisation on local cultures and development control. Additionally, since this journal is being produced by the Masters Program in Architecture at Udayana University in Bali, it is also our intention to use it as a forum for the diversity of problems that now inundate Balinese society, specifically those that affect development and culture as a whole. In the forefront of this debate lies the nemesis of tourism. Its impacts are ubiquitous and variously interpreted on the one hand as destructive of environment and culture yet on the other as a making a massive contribution to the local economy. While Bali’s problems are not original, the island paradise offers a singular laboratory where the conflicts brought by tourism can be studied in significant depth.
It is also our intention to generalise our content, not only in subject matter but also in the form in which it is presented. In future issues we will also welcome three other types of submission. First, book reviews (up to 1000 words). Second, viewpoints which provide a new insight or critique of a theory, method, subject matter etc that the author feels is being ignored or is otherwise misinterpreted (1000-2000 words). Third, review articles which not only review a particular book, but cover its history, influences, similar texts and a theoretical critique of content (approx 2-3000 words).
We also take this opportunity to welcome our editorial board members, whom we gratefully thank for their participation. We hope that with your support, this journal will achieve its mission to be a medium for communication for new thoughts and study findings in the area of the built environment. Our editorial board includes experts in a variety of fields dealing with the built environment, individuals who have attained great respect in their diverse disciplines, including architecture, urban planning, urban design, political economy, sociology, sustainability, anthropology and history.
This first Volume and first issue is opened by Professor Cuthbert who is a distinguished Visiting Professor at our University (Guru Besar Tamu), whose work has had international acclaim in the area of urban design. His article personifies many of the above qualities by offering a new theoretical framework for urban design from within the realm of social theory that he suggests can replace aesthetic and ‘cultural’ interpretations of architecture. This is followed by the second article written by Ni Made Dhina Avianthi Irawan, a civil servant of Ministry of Public Works, Department of Building and Environment in Bali. Dhina discusses the development of Blahkiuh image based on observers experiences and perception. Blahkiuh is classified as a city of class IV status in Bali. The third paper is authored by Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi, an academic of the Design Institute of Bali. Emmi’s article studies the use of communal spaces of Pedungan Village (Denpasar), and the changes and factors behind them.
The fourth article is written by I Made Wirata, a professional architect, and Ngakan Putu Sueca (Professor in the Department of Architecture, Udayana University). It discusses concepts behind the Sasak houses of Segenter Village, North of Lombok. The uniqueness of these settlements is the layout of spaces that relies heavily on the placement of doors and the bale sakanem (building with six structural columns). The fifth article is authored by Dinar Sukma Pramesti, a professional architect. Dinar studies the stilt houses of Loloan community, Jembrana, Bali. She underlines that the form of stilt houses has changed over time in line with various elements including socio-cultural aspects, economic factors, building age, land availability, and occupants' preferences.
The sixth article is written by I Nengah Riana, Widiastuti, and Ida Bagus Gde Primayatna, academic staff from the Department of Civil Engineering, National University (Bali) and the Department of Architecture, Udayana University. It examines the conversion of green open spaces, a major problem in Denpasar. The seventh paper is authored by Gusti Ayu Made Suartika. It examines the relevance of multi storey housing in fulfilling the need for affordable houses by low income urban dwellers in Indonesia.
Finally, a big thank you to all our contributors, editorial board, production team and publishing staff who have worked faithfully to bring the journal RUANG- SPACE into being.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
P. Eko Prasetyo, Ketut Sudarma, Adang Syamsudin Sulaha
The purpose of this research was to determine the competitiveness and efficiency as well as assessing the impact of economic policies on the performance of the textile industry in Central Java. The competitiveness methods use a RCA, TSI, and IIT Indexes. The policy impacts use Policy Analysis Matrix and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the textile industry in Central Java had only a comparative advantage, but not competitive one. The lower protection level made the textile industry was vulnerable to both internal and external shocks. In general economic efficiency was still lower, so it had lower effect on the productivity and competitiveness level.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
Durante estas últimas décadas hemos sido testigos de un global giro en U de las prevalentes agendas de vivienda y política urbana esparcidas por el mundo por las fuerzas de la globalización y del neoliberalismo. El nuevo paradigma se basó, principalmente, en la retirada de los Estados del sector de la vivienda, y de la implementación de políticas diseñadas para crear modelos más fuertes y amplios de financiación de la vivienda con un enfoque de mercado. La mercantilización de la vivienda, junto con la aumentada utilización de ésta como inversión dentro de un mercado financiero globalizado, ha afectado profundamente al disfrute del derecho a la vivienda adecuada. Tomando el manifiesto del Banco Mundial de 1993 como un punto de partida, y la crisis del subprime como el primer gran punto de ignición internacional, este ensayo rastrea algunos elementos claves del enfoque del neoliberalismo para la vivienda y sus impactos en el disfrute del derecho a la vivienda en diferentes contextos y tiempos. La reforma de la política de vivienda –con todos sus componentes de tenencia, propiedad privada y el amarre de compromisos financieros–ha sido central en las estrategias políticas e ideológicas a través de las cuales se mantiene el dominio del neoliberalismo. De la misma manera, la crisis (y sus orígenes en el mercado de la vivienda) refleja la inhabilidad de los mecanismos del mercado para proveer vivienda adecuada y accesible para todos.
Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, City planning
En América Latina, el paso de una ciudad compacta a una ciudad dispersa no solo ha implicado transformaciones territoriales y funcionales de las grandes urbes; también ha contribuido a modificar la escala de la segregación social que en ellas existe, proceso en el que han desempeñado un papel central los cambios de residencia de la población urbana. En Chile, la capital nacional no ha sido una excepción a esta dinámica, en la medida en que los cambios residenciales en curso han alterado la segregación residencial, tanto en su escala espacial como en las formas que adopta. Los resultados alcanzados en este estudio muestran una marcada concentración de grupos socioeconómicos de mayor estatus en entidades administrativas de la ciudad que, hasta hace poco tiempo, no eran valoradas como lugares de residencia permanente por estas categorías de población. Esto ha incrementado a otras escalas la segregación, y ha contribuido a aumentar la complejidad del modelo general de segregación residencial de la ciudad.
Architecture, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying