Introduction. Web archives are traditionally viewed as repositories of cultural memory, yet they have been theorised as computational sources for quantitative, longitudinal analysis of the web. This paper examines their potential for mapping the structural and environmental impacts of web pages, demonstrating broader applicability for web analytics research.
Method. We introduce Wasteback Machine, an open-source, extensible framework that operationalises the analytical potential of web archives. It enables reproducible, scalable measurement of page size and composition through programmatic access, structured resource extraction and mechanisms to mitigate distortions introduced during archiving and replay.
Analysis. The method is demonstrated through a case study of the United Nations Climate Change (UNFCCC) homepage, performing longitudinal analyses to capture temporal dynamics in size and compositional evolution. By situating web content within socio-technical and infrastructural contexts, the approach allows consistent comparison over time while accounting for archival limitations.
Results. Findings reveal trends in page growth, complexity and cumulative digital resource use. Despite their fragmentary nature, web archives provide sufficient fidelity to reconstruct historical practices and estimate relative environmental impacts.
Conclusion. Wasteback Machine demonstrates that web archives function as computational infrastructures, enabling rigorous, evidence-based investigation of web evolution and the environmental footprint of digital content.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Qubit shuttling promises to advance some quantum computing platforms to the qubit register sizes needed for effective quantum error correction (QEC), but also introduces additional errors whose impact must be evaluated. The established method to investigate the performance of QEC codes in a realistic scenario is to employ a standard noise model known as circuit-level noise, where all quantum operations are modeled as noisy. In the present work, we take this noise model and single out the effect of shuttling errors by introducing them as an additional so-called error location. This hardware abstraction is motivated by the SpinBus architecture and allows a systematic numerical investigation to map out the resulting two-dimensional parameter space. To this end, we take the Surface code and perform large scale simulations, most notably extracting the threshold across said two-dimensional parameter space. We study two scenarios for shuttling errors, depolarization on the one hand and dephasing on the other hand. For a purely dephasing shuttling error, we find a threshold of several percent, provided that all other operations have a high fidelity. The qubit overhead needed to reach a logical error rate of $10^{-12}$ (known as the "teraquop" regime~\cite{Gidney2021Jul}) increases only moderately for shuttling error rates up to about 1 \% per shuttling operation. The error rates at which practically useful, i.e. well below threshold error correction is predicted to be possible are comfortably higher than what is expected to be achievable for spin qubits. Our results thus show that it is reasonable to expect shuttling operations to fall below threshold already at surprisingly large error rates. With realistic efforts in the near term, this offers positive prospects for spin qubit based quantum processors as a viable avenue for scalable fault-tolerant error-corrected quantum computing.
Este número de la revista Bibliographica (Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, unam), en sus secciones Bibliographia, Monographia e Instumenta, recorre objetos y discursos de la cultura escrita, desde incunables y prensa decimonónica hasta grafiti y fanfiction. Los artículos reunidos abordan textos y soportes no convencionales, y replantean el canon desde nuevas perspectivas críticas.
General bibliography, Information resources (General)
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of first-order perturbations of the Kerr metric in the slow-rotation limit. We perform the calculation by perturbing the Schwarzschild metric plus up to second-order corrections in the spin in the Regge-Wheeler gauge. The apparent coupling between different angular momentum axial-led and polar-led modes can be removed by suitably combining the perturbation equations and projecting them onto spin-weighted spherical harmonics. In this way, we derive the corrections to the Regge-Wheeler and the Zerilli equations up to second-order in the spin. We show that the two potentials remain isospectral as in the non-rotating limit. However, it is easy to demonstrate it only for a precise choice of the tortoise coordinate. The isospectrality with slow-rotating Teukolsky equation is also verified. We discuss the main implication of this result for the problem of vacuum metric reconstruction, providing the transformation rule between slow-spinning Teukolsky variables and metric perturbations. The existence of this relation leaves us with the conjecture that a resummation of the expansion in the spin is possible, leading to two decoupled differential equations for perturbations of the Kerr metric.
We propose a new standard for writing author names on papers and in bibliographies, which places every author as a first author -- superimposed. This approach enables authors to write papers as true equals, without any advantage given to whoever's name happens to come first alphabetically (for example). We develop the technology for implementing this standard in LaTeX, BibTeX, and HTML; show several examples; and discuss further advantages.
In this paper, we continue the study of unit reducible fields as introduced in \cite{LPL23} for the special case of cyclotomic fields. Specifically, we deduce that the cyclotomic fields of conductors $2,3,5,7,8,9,12,15$ are all unit reducible, and show that any cyclotomic field of conductor $N$ is not unit reducible if $2^4, 3^3, 5^2, 7^2, 11^2$ or any prime $p \geq 13$ divide $N$, meaning the unit reducible cyclotomic fields are finite in number. Finally, if $a$ is a totally positive element of a cyclotomic field, we show that for all equivalent $a^\prime$, the discrepancy between $\trace_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(a^\prime)$ and the shortest nonzero element of the quadratic form $\trace_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(axx^*)$ where $x$ is taken from the ring of integers tends to infinity as the conductor $N$ goes to infinity.
[Purpose/Significance] The biomedical research field is suffering from reproducibility crisis, which has become one of important issues under the background of the rise of the data-intensive research paradigm. As one of the most important attributes of scientific research by empirical data study,reproducibility needs to be improved by good data practices of researchers. How to effectively improve the data literacy of researchers has become the key point to solve the crisis. However, the relevant research is basically in the blank condition. The paper aims to establish a new data literacy education system for reproducibility crisis, in order to fill the current research gap and provide reference for implementing the relevant education in our country. [Method/Process] Firstly, the paper clarifies the relationship between reproducibility crisis and data literacy by using content analysis: the inappropriate data behavior of researchers may bring serious problems in many respects, such as research data, methods, process, environments and results, which could eventually lead to the irreproducible research. Then, we redefine the concept of data literacy education. Secondly, based on the summarization of the existing foreign research results and practice, the paper builds the Reproducibility Data Literacy Education (Re-DLE) system from the perspective of educational goals and content, subjects and objects, teaching methods, implementation strategies, and evaluation. At last, it proposes the necessary guarantee factors for the operation of the system. [Results/Conclusions] The ultimate goal of Re-DLE is to improve research reproducibility, bulid the educational content framework on the theory of data life cycle, and divide the main content into three dimensions: re-data awareness, re-data skills, and re-data ethics, each of which includes some clear educational objectives, subject modules and detailed instructions Medical libraries have a wealth of teaching experience and should become the educational main body for the broader biomedical research community. the establishment of diversified training methods, diversified teaching strategies and evaluation methods, in other words, we need to strengthen the team building of teaching librarians, consolidate the educational resources foundation, promote educational exchanges, and improve the internal and external cooperative system, so as to push forward the building of the Re-DLE system. The research results of this paper not only can be seen as a theoretical breakthrough, but also provide the theory basis for the development and implementation of education. In addition, due to the limitation of methods, the paper can be used as a qualitative research, which still has some problems to be solved. In the future work, we need to build more scientific and effective Re-DLE system by using empirical research methods.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources, Agriculture
We construct a three-dimensional vector field that exhibits positive energy flux at every Littlewood-Paley shell and has the best possible regularity in $L^p$-based spaces, $p \le 3$; in particular, it belongs to $H^{(\frac56)^-}$.
The interpretation of quantum theory known as QBism argues that many elements of the formalism have a subjective interpretation. At the same time, QBism claims to be a broadly realist program. This implies that reality in QBism must be somehow founded upon an agent's subjective experiences (measurement outcomes). To make this idea more precise, we propose to interpret QBism's "experiences" as synonymous with the concept of "perceived phenomena" in phenomenology. This suggests an approach to ontology in which objects can only be physically real if they are in principle observable. But what does "observable" mean? Are atoms, electromagnetic fields, quantum states, or probabilities observable? Here we discuss the different answers to this question given by QBists and phenomenologists, and attempt to reconcile them.
Vivian B. Hutchison, Tamar Norkin, Maddison L. Langseth
et al.
As Federal Government agencies in the United States pivot to increase access to scientific data (Sheehan, 2016), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has made substantial progress (Kriesberg et al., 2017). USGS authors are required to make federally funded data publicly available in an approved data repository (USGS, 2016b). This type of public data product, known as a USGS data release, serves as a method for publishing reviewed and approved data. In this paper, we present major milestones in the approach the USGS took to transition an existing technology platform to a Trusted Digital Repository. We describe both the technical and the non-technical actions that contributed to a successful outcome.We highlight how initial workflows revealed patterns that were later automated, and the ways in which assessments and user feedback influenced design and implementation. The paper concludes with lessons learned, such as the importance of a community of practice, application programming interface (API)-driven technologies, iterative development, and user-centered design. This paper is intended to offer a potential roadmap for organizations pursuing similar goals.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
This bibliography records publications on Africa of interest to students of Africa, principally in the social and environmental sciences, development studies, humanities and arts. Some items from the medical, biological and natural sciences are included. The criterion used is potential relevance to a reader from a social sciences/arts background. The whole continent and associated islands are covered, with selective coverage of the diaspora. This volume aims to cover material published in 2020 together with items from earlier years not previously listed. The editor is always very glad to hear of any items omitted so that they may be included in future volumes. He would be particularly pleased to receive notification of new periodicals, print or online. African government publications and works of creative literature are not normally listed.
The species of finite topological spaces admits two graded bimonoid structures, recently defined by F. Fauvet, L. Foissy, and the second author. In this article, we define a doubling of this species in two different ways. We build a bimonoid structure on each of these species and describe a cointeraction between them. We also investigate two related associative products obtained by dualisation.
In the winter of 1976, Alexander Rinnooy Kan and Jan Karel Lenstra defended their PhD theses at the University of Amsterdam. Gene Lawler was on their committees. It was a natural idea to turn the theses into a textbook on scheduling. They set out to compile a survey with Ron Graham (1979), but progress on the book was hampered by the many research opportunities offered by the field. After David Shmoys joined the team in the mid 1980's, several chapters were drafted, and the survey was rewritten (1993). Gene passed away in 1994. Colleagues were asked to contribute chapters or to complete existing drafts. However, by the turn of the century the project was losing its momentum, and finite convergence to completion fell beyond our reach. Over the years, several chapters have been used in the classroom. We continue to receive requests from colleagues who look for a text on the elements of scheduling at an advanced undergraduate or early graduate level. This document is a compilation of what currently exists. We have made a marginal effort in patching it up at some places but is essentially what was written long ago. We did make an attempt to include most of the citations in the bibliography.
The neutron-star collision revealed by the event GW170817 gave us a first glimpse of a possible birthplace of most of our heavy elements. The multi-messenger nature of this historical event combined gravitational waves, a gamma-ray burst and optical astronomy of a ``kilonova'', bringing the first observations of rapid neutron capture (r process) nucleosynthesis after 60 years of speculation. Modeling the r process requires a prodigious amount of nuclear-physics ingredients: practically all the quantum state and interaction properties of virtually all neutron-rich nuclides, many of which may never be produced in the laboratory! Another essential contribution of nuclear physics to neutron stars (and their eventual coalescence) is the equation of state (EoS) that defines their structure and composition. The EoS, combined with the knowledge of nuclear binding energies, determines the elemental profile of the outer crust of a neutron star and the relationship between its radius and mass. In addition, the EoS determines the form of the gravitational wave signal. This article combines a tutorial presentation and bibliography with recent results that link nuclear mass spectrometry to gravitational waves via neutron stars.