Hasil untuk "q-bio.OT"

J. Block

S. Nukiyama

Jose Ignacio Arroyo, Pablo A. Marquet, Christopher P. Kempes et al.

We developed a theory showing that under appropriate normalizations and rescalings, temperature response curves show a remarkably regular behavior and follow a general, universal law. The impressive universality of temperature response curves remained hidden due to various curve-fitting models not well-grounded in first principles. In addition, this framework has the potential to explain the origin of different scaling relationships in thermal performance in biology, from molecules to ecosystems. Here, we summarize the background, principles and assumptions, predictions, implications, and possible extensions of this theory.

Marc Ryhiner, Yangmeihui Song, Babak Saboury et al.

This article presents the general framework of theranostic digital twins (TDTs) in computational nuclear medicine, designed to support clinical decision-making and improve cancer patient prognosis through personalized radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs). It outlines potential clinical applications of TDTs and proposes a roadmap for successful implementation. Additionally, the chapter provides a conceptual overview of the current state of the art in the mathematical and computational modeling of RPTs, highlighting key challenges and the strategies being pursued to address them.

Brian N. Bailey

This work presents a new framework for procedural generation of dynamic 3D plant model geometries, which has been implemented in the Helios modeling system. Key goals of this work were to develop a model that 1) has a generalized set of parameters that are conserved across species, which are botanically-consistent and readily measurable; 2) significantly reduces the time and effort needed to create photorealistic, dynamically evolving plant models; 3) allows for encoding of the entire plant structure into a character-based representation that can integrated with machine learning models, and 4) includes realistic and computationally efficient collision physics. A model framework that satisfies these specifications is presented in this report. The model was implemented in the Helios C++ and PyHelios Python frameworks, which are open-source libraries that can be used to generate 3D plant geometries based on this model.

B. Mazur, A. Wiles

G. Andrews

K. Ribet

Damian Edward Dalle Nogare, Matthew Hartley, Joran Deschamps et al.

The future of bioimage analysis is increasingly defined by the development and use of tools that rely on deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI). For this trend to continue in a way most useful for stimulating scientific progress, it will require our multidisciplinary community to work together, establish FAIR data sharing and deliver usable, reproducible analytical tools.

Magnus Bentinger, K. Brismar, G. Dallner

Steven B. Perfect, Kenneth W. Wiles

M. Gorodetsky, V. Ilchenko

A general model is presented for coupling of high-Q whispering-gallery modes in optical microsphere resonators with coupler devices that possess a discrete and continuous spectrum of propagating modes. By contrast to conventional high-Q optical cavities, in microspheres the independence of high intrinsic quality-factor and controllable parameters of coupling via an evanescent field offer a variety of regimes similar to those that are already available in rf devices. The theory is applied to data reported earlier on different types of couplers to microsphere resonators and is complemented by the experimental demonstration of enhanced coupling efficiency (∼80%) and variable loading regimes with Q>108 fused-silica microspheres.

M. Kashiwara, Toshiki Nakashima

J. Bai, Y. Ban, J. Bian et al.

R. Cross

R. Dearden, N. Friedman, Stuart J. Russell

D. Warburton, V. Jamnik, S. Bredin et al.

J. A. Vila

The primary aim of this work is to explore how proteins point mutations impact their marginal stability and, hence, their evolvability. With this purpose, we show that the use of four classic notions, namely, those from Leibniz & Kant (1768), Maynard Smith (1970), Einstein & Infeld (1961), and Anfinsen (1973), is sufficient for a better understanding of the protein-evolution and, consequently, to determine the factors that could control it. The preliminary results -- without considering epistasis effects explicitly -- indicate that the protein marginal-stability change upon point mutations provides the necessary and sufficient information to describe, through a Boltzmann factor, the evolution of the amide hydrogen-exchange protection factors. This finding is of paramount importance because it illustrates the impact of point mutations on both the protein marginal-stability and the ensemble of folded conformations coexisting with the native state and, in the presence of metamorphism, on the propensity for the appearance of new folds and functions.

Sergii Kovalchuk

Some mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias can be presented as a composition of elementary acts of block and reflection on the contacts of homogeneous areas of the conducting tissue. For study this phenomena we use an axiomatic one-dimensional model of interaction of cells of excitable tissue. The model has four functional parameters that determine the functional states durations of the cell. We show that the cells of a homogeneous excitable tissue, depending on the ratio of the durations of the functional intervals, can operate in the mode of solitary waves conduction or in one of three modes of selfgeneration. It is proved that the propagation of a solitary wave through the boundary of homogeneous conducting tissues can be accompanied by a block or multiplex reflection. Block and reflection are unidirectional phenomena, and there are not compatible on the same boundary. Systematized rules of transmitting, block and reflection waves at the boundary of homogeneous conducting tissues open up new possibilities for design mechanisms of generation and analyzing complex heart rate patterns.

Robert Penner, Minus van Baalen

A possible explanation based on first principles for the appearance of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is proposed involving coinfection with HIV. The gist is that the resultant HIV-induced immunocompromise allows SARS-CoV-2 greater latitude to explore its own mutational space. This latitude is not withoutr estriction, and a specific biophysical constraint is explored. Specifically, a nearly two- to five-fold discrepancy in backbone hydrogen bonding is observed between sub-molecules in Protein Data Bank files of the spike glycoprotein yielding two conclusions: mutagenic residues in the receptor-binding subunit of the spike much more frequently do not participate in backbone hydrogen bonds; and a technique of viral escape is therefore to remove such bonds within physico-chemical and functional constraints. Earlier work, from which the previous discussion is entirely independent, explains these phenomena from general principles of free energy, namely, the metastability of the glycoprotein. The conclusions therefore likely hold more generally as principles in virology.