Hasil untuk "The Bible"

F. Horan

B. Bass, R. Bass

T. Broadbent, I. Lakatos, A. Musgrave

R. Hastings, G. Long

R. Behrman, R. Kliegman, H. Jenson

James Seanego, Sekgaila Chokoe, Moffat Sebola

The application of John 3 and 1 Samuel 17 in O.K. Matsepe’s narrative, Kgorong ya Mošate. In addition to the Bible often being an inspiration for peace advocacy among nations, it is also a notable reference for many literary authors. For instance, the first part of John 3 records Jesus Christ’s conversation with Nicodemus about human rebirth as a prerequisite for entrance into the Kingdom of God, with Jesus being the ultimate agent through whom this rebirth occurs. On the other, 1 Samuel 17 narrates the tension between the Israelites and Philistines, resulting in the David and Goliath battle. These two Scriptures are treated as themes in O.K. Matsepe’s Kgorong ya Mošate. This article analyses the application of the two Scriptures in the narrative, foregrounding Boditsi, whose actions are imbued in a similar fashion as those of the biblical Jesus Christ and David. Boditsi rescues his village people, the same way Jesus rescued Christians from eternal death and damnation, and David who rescued the Israelites from their enemies. This qualitative and intertextual theoretical investigation uses the content and thematic analysis methods to analyse the text. Findings recognise the influence of Christian missionary schools on the thematisation of African-language literature, with Matsepe’s literary output treated as a representative sample of how basic Christian education aided in the resolution of people’s disputes. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The study intertwines two fields of research, theology and literature. This intertextual investigation explores how the Bible impacted O.K. Matsepe’s text. The David and Goliath theme as well as Jesus Christ’s teachings are explored through both biblical and literary lenses.

Yoeri Poels, Cristina Venturini, Alessandro Pau et al.

Maximizing fusion performance in tokamaks relies on high energy confinement, often achieved through distinct operating regimes. The automated labeling of these confinement states is crucial to enable large-scale analyses or for real-time control applications. While this task becomes difficult to automate near state transitions or in marginal scenarios, much success has been achieved with data-driven models. However, these methods generally provide predictions as point estimates, and cannot adequately deal with missing and/or broken input signals. To enable wide-range applicability, we develop methods for confinement state classification with uncertainty quantification and model robustness. We focus on off-line analysis for TCV discharges, distinguishing L-mode, H-mode, and an in-between dithering phase (D). We propose ensembling data-driven methods on two axes: model formulations and feature sets. The former considers a dynamic formulation based on a recurrent Fourier Neural Operator-architecture and a static formulation based on gradient-boosted decision trees. These models are trained using multiple feature groupings categorized by diagnostic system or physical quantity. A dataset of 302 TCV discharges is fully labeled, and will be publicly released. We evaluate our method quantitatively using Cohen's kappa coefficient for predictive performance and the Expected Calibration Error for the uncertainty calibration. Furthermore, we discuss performance using a variety of common and alternative scenarios, the performance of individual components, out-of-distribution performance, cases of broken or missing signals, and evaluate conditionally-averaged behavior around different state transitions. Overall, the proposed method can distinguish L, D and H-mode with high performance, can cope with missing or broken signals, and provides meaningful uncertainty estimates.

Yoeri Poels, Alessandro Pau, Christian Donner et al.

When a plasma disrupts in a tokamak, significant heat and electromagnetic loads are deposited onto the surrounding device components. These forces scale with plasma current and magnetic field strength, making disruptions one of the key challenges for future devices. Unfortunately, disruptions are not fully understood, with many different underlying causes that are difficult to anticipate. Data-driven models have shown success in predicting them, but they only provide limited interpretability. On the other hand, large-scale statistical analyses have been a great asset to understanding disruptive patterns. In this paper, we leverage data-driven methods to find an interpretable representation of the plasma state for disruption characterization. Specifically, we use a latent variable model to represent diagnostic measurements as a low-dimensional, latent representation. We build upon the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework, and extend it for (1) continuous projections of plasma trajectories; (2) a multimodal structure to separate operating regimes; and (3) separation with respect to disruptive regimes. Subsequently, we can identify continuous indicators for the disruption rate and the disruptivity based on statistical properties of measurement data. The proposed method is demonstrated using a dataset of approximately 1600 TCV discharges, selecting for flat-top disruptions or regular terminations. We evaluate the method with respect to (1) the identified disruption risk and its correlation with other plasma properties; (2) the ability to distinguish different types of disruptions; and (3) downstream analyses. For the latter, we conduct a demonstrative study on identifying parameters connected to disruptions using counterfactual-like analysis. Overall, the method can adequately identify distinct operating regimes characterized by varying proximity to disruptions in an interpretable manner.

Trung-Kiet Huynh, Duy-Minh Dao-Sy, Thanh-Bang Cao et al.

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly operate as autonomous decision-makers in interactive and multi-agent systems and human societies, understanding their strategic behaviour has profound implications for safety, coordination, and the design of AI-driven social and economic infrastructures. Assessing such behaviour requires methods that capture not only what LLMs output, but the underlying intentions that guide their decisions. In this work, we extend the FAIRGAME framework to systematically evaluate LLM behaviour in repeated social dilemmas through two complementary advances: a payoff-scaled Prisoners Dilemma isolating sensitivity to incentive magnitude, and an integrated multi-agent Public Goods Game with dynamic payoffs and multi-agent histories. These environments reveal consistent behavioural signatures across models and languages, including incentive-sensitive cooperation, cross-linguistic divergence and end-game alignment toward defection. To interpret these patterns, we train traditional supervised classification models on canonical repeated-game strategies and apply them to FAIRGAME trajectories, showing that LLMs exhibit systematic, model- and language-dependent behavioural intentions, with linguistic framing at times exerting effects as strong as architectural differences. Together, these findings provide a unified methodological foundation for auditing LLMs as strategic agents and reveal systematic cooperation biases with direct implications for AI governance, collective decision-making, and the design of safe multi-agent systems.

The Dang Vu, Hiroaki Shishido, Kazuya Aizawa et al.

A current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) is a novel superconducting detector to construct a neutron transmission imaging system. The characteristics of a superconducting neutron detector have been systematically studied to improve spatial resolution of our CB-KID neutron detector. In this study, we investigated the distribution of spatial resolutions under different operating conditions and examined the homogeneity of spatial resolutions in the detector in detail. We used a commercial standard Gd Siemens-star pattern as a conventional method to estimate the spatial resolution, and a lab-made 10B-dot array intended to examine detailed profiles on a distribution of spatial resolutions. We found that discrepancy in propagation velocities in the detector affected the uniformity of the spatial resolutions in neutron imaging. We analyzed the ellipsoidal line profiles along the circumferences of several different test circles in the Siemens-star image to find a distribution of spatial resolutions. Note that we succeeded in controlling the detector temperature precisely enough to realize stable propagation velocities of the signals in the detector to achieve the best spatial resolution with a delay-line CB-KID technique.

Matsobane J. Manala

No astract available.

Zainab Alalawi, Paolo Bova, Theodor Cimpeanu et al.

There is general agreement that some form of regulation is necessary both for AI creators to be incentivised to develop trustworthy systems, and for users to actually trust those systems. But there is much debate about what form these regulations should take and how they should be implemented. Most work in this area has been qualitative, and has not been able to make formal predictions. Here, we propose that evolutionary game theory can be used to quantitatively model the dilemmas faced by users, AI creators, and regulators, and provide insights into the possible effects of different regulatory regimes. We show that creating trustworthy AI and user trust requires regulators to be incentivised to regulate effectively. We demonstrate the effectiveness of two mechanisms that can achieve this. The first is where governments can recognise and reward regulators that do a good job. In that case, if the AI system is not too risky for users then some level of trustworthy development and user trust evolves. We then consider an alternative solution, where users can condition their trust decision on the effectiveness of the regulators. This leads to effective regulation, and consequently the development of trustworthy AI and user trust, provided that the cost of implementing regulations is not too high. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the effect of different regulatory regimes from an evolutionary game theoretic perspective.

Gunnel Ekroth

M. N. Nikolaeva, O. V. Trunova

Introduction. This research paper focuses on the phenomenon of intertextuality which is studied on the basis of the articles of American socio-political magazines. The aim of the study is to identify the types and techniques of intertextual inclusions, which contribute to the formation of the depth of the integral semantic content of the texts of publicist discourse. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work stem from the need to study the functions of intertextual inclusions in non-fiction discourse. In this case communicative, axiological and pragmatic functions are considered to be the leading ones in linguistic and non-linguistic expressions.Methodology and sources. Fragments of journalistic texts expressing intertextuality were selected by means of sampling. The sources of intertextual inclusions were revealed with the help of explanatory and linguacultural dictionaries and internet-resources. The analysis of intertextual inclusions and definition of their functions were carried out taking into account the genre and stylistic typology of the texts, the direct linguistic and socio-cultural context.Results and discussion. Intertextual inclusions in publicist discourse imply the existence of associative links between the source text and the recipient text. The identification of these links helps to extend the meaning of the information shared and to make it more comprehensible. The sources of intertextual inclusions in the American publicist discourse are both those of the world culture − Ancient Greek myths, the Bible, classical English literature and national − texts of the US presidents’ speeches.Conclusion. The main purpose of incorporating source text elements into a recipient journalistic text is to fulfil informative, manipulative, axiological, predictive, and other functions. The degree of influence of the conveyed information depends on the cognitive base of the addressees, their general cultural competence and their ability to establish associative links between the reported and the implied. Due to their emotional tone, intertextual inclusions are an attractor that organize the text’s semantic structure. They let us consider a journalistic text as a unified semantic and communicative-pragmatic integrity.

Guido Jacobs

This article investigates Augustine’s evolving views on metaphor in his commentaries on the creation narrative. He contends that certain metaphysical truths, including God and his creation, are ineffable and can only be understood metaphorically. Therefore, he thinks that metaphors are crucial in the interpretation of the Scriptures, and he spends a great deal of effort explaining this to his readers. In his early work De Genesi contra Manichaeos, he adheres to the classical view, in which metaphors have a fixed meaning that can easily be rendered using a literal expression. This is a useful method to refute the Manichean claims, but it stands at odds with the idea that the things that these metaphors describe are beyond words. Later, in De Genesi ad Litteram, he comes up with a novel approach to metaphor. Here, he leaves a great deal of interpretational freedom to the reader. He points out that certain expressions are metaphors, and that individual expressions are part of a larger metaphorical concept, without restricting their meaning. Augustine’s approach shares similarities with the modern metaphor theories laid out by Max Black, as well as by George Lakoff & Mark Johnson, which may not have been as innovative as once thought.

Eduard BORYSOV

The source-critical approach to biblical literature accentuated the diversity of material that constitutes ancient books of the Bible. In the past several decades, however, some scholars shifted their attention to the final canonical and literary composition of the biblical texts. This article will present a piece of evidence for the unity of the book of Genesis as a literary unit. To demonstrate this the author will trace the pattern of primogeniture reversal throughout the whole book. Arguably, the five main pairs (Cain – Abel, Ishmael – Isaac, Esau – Jacob, Reuben – Judah, Joseph, and Manasseh – Ephraim) and the two minor pairs (Leah – Rachel, Zerah – Perez) reflect six narrative features. These are parents’expectations, God’s election, a threat to the younger heir, resolution, promise to the older son, departure of the older brother. The consistent usage of this pattern leads to the conclusion that the author/editor of Genesis carefully constructed the plot of the whole book, not simply incorporated diverse material.

Clara María Díaz C.

Las páginas que siguen pretenden, a manera de ensayo, introducirnos, mediante un ejemplo, en el lenguaje de las Parábolas. Quieren ser una ayuda para los catequistas y agentes de pastoral que se dedican, siguiendo los pasos de Jesús, al trabajo del Reino. En el fondo, creemos, se trata de permitir a los demás el empezar a gustar "los secretos" y la riqueza infinita de la vida de Dios. Las parábolas, hemos dicho, nos dejan percibir de manera privilegiada estos "secretos". Penetrando en ellas, encontraremos, sin duda, la alegría de la labor por un mundo más humano que permita a cada hombre llegar a ser una imagen auténtica de su Creador.

T. Vu, F. Felici, C. Galperti et al.

For long-pulse tokamaks, one of the main challenges in control strategy is to simultaneously reach multiple control objectives and to robustly handle in real-time (RT) unexpected events (off-normal-events -- ONEs) with a limited set of actuators. We have developed in our previous work a generic architecture of the plasma control system (PCS) including a supervisor and an actuator manager to deal with these issues. We present in this paper recent developments of real-time decision-making by the supervisor to switch between different control scenarios (normal, backup, shutdown, disruption mitigation, etc.) during the discharge, based on off-normal-event states. We first standardize the evaluation of ONEs and thereby simplify significantly the supervisor decision logic, as well as facilitate the modifications and extensions of ONE states in the future. The whole PCS has been implemented on the TCV tokamak, applied to disruption avoidance with density limit experiments, demonstrating the excellent capabilities of the new RT integrated strategy.

Alex The Phuong Nguyen, Raphaël Le Bidan, Frédéric Guilloud

Considering a short frame length, which is typical in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency and massive Machine Type Communications, a trade-off exists between improving the performance of frame synchronization (FS) and improving the performance of information throughput. In this paper, we consider the case of continuous transmission over AWGN channels where the synchronization sequence is superimposed to the data symbols, as opposed to being added as a frame header. The advantage of this superposition is that the synchronization length is as long as the frame length. On the other hand, its power has to be traded-off not to degrade the code performance. We first provide the analysis of FS error probability using an approximation of the probability distribution of the overall received signal. Numerical evaluations show the tightness of our analytic results. Then we optimize the fraction of power allocated to the superimposed synchronization sequence in order to maximize the probability of receiving a frame without synchronization errors nor decoding errors. Comparison of the theoretical model predictions to a practical setup show very close optimal power allocation policies.

N. R. Walkden, B. Labit, H. Reimerdes et al.

Tangentially viewing fast camera footage of the low-field side snowflake minus divertor in TCV is analysed across a four point scan in which the proximity of the two X-points is varied systematically. The motion of structures observed in the post- processed movie shows two distinct regions of the camera frame exhibiting differing patterns. One type of motion in the outer scrape-off layer remains present throughout the scan whilst the other, apparent in the inner scrape-off layer between the two nulls, becomes increasingly significant as the X-points contract towards one another. The spatial structure of the fluctuations in both regions is shown to conform to the equilibrium magnetic field. When the X-point gap is wide the fluctuations measured in the region between the X-points show a similar structure to the fluctuations observed above the null region, remaining coherent for multiple toroidal turns of the magnetic field and indicating a physical connectivity of the fluctuations between the upstream and downstream regions. When the X-point gap is small the fluctuations in the inner scrape-off layer between the nulls are decorrelated from fluctuations upstream, indicating local production of filamentary structures. The motion of filaments in the inter-null region differs, with filaments showing a dominantly poloidal motion along magnetic flux surfaces when the X-point gap is large, compared to a dominantly radial motion across flux-surfaces when the gap is small. This demonstrates an enhancement to cross-field tranport between the nulls of the TCV low-field-side snowflake minus when the gap between the nulls is small.