Hasil untuk "Pharmaceutical industry"

Milena Sonshine de Souza, Caroline Silva Garcia, Magda Lissi Pablos Peres et al.

Descrição do relato: As leishmanioses são um importante problema de saúde pública, estando associadas a pobreza e fatores ambientais e climáticos. São causadas por diferentes espécies de protozoários do gênero Leishmania, que são transmitidos a animais e humanos pela picada de insetos fêmeas de flebotomíneos. No Brasil, há atualmente dois tipos de leishmanioses, a tegumentar (LT) e a visceral (LV), cada uma transmitida por um protozoário diferente. A LT tem circulação maior em ambientes rurais, de mata, não é letal e está relacionada ao surgimento de lesões na pele ou mucosa. Já a LV, se não tratada adequadamente, pode ser letal ao ser humano e para os cães, acometendo fígado, baço e medula óssea (1-3). Em Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), nos últimos 10 anos foram registrados 829 casos novos de LT e 858 de LV (4, 5). Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar o papel da intervenção farmacêutica da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de MS nas solicitações de tratamentos medicamentosos para as leishmanioses, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Foram analisadas as solicitações dos municípios de MS do ano de 2024 para o tratamento das leishmanioses, bem como as intervenções realizadas pela Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) estadual. Neste contexto, foram consideradas intervenções, as ações de contato com os responsáveis pelas solicitações e sugestões realizadas pela AF após avaliação dos pedidos, considerando os Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) vigentes. Após a obtenção dos dados, realizou-se análise estatística. Resultados: Durante o ano de 2024, foram registradas 629 solicitações de tratamento para leishmanioses, sendo 81% (510) para LV e 19% (119) para LT. Das 629 solicitações de tratamento, 54 (8,6%) demandaram intervenções por parte da AF. Os principais motivos de intervenção foram: detecção de prescrições ultrapassando a dose máxima preconizada pelos PCDTs vigentes (50%), necessidade de alteração do tratamento prescrito frente a inelegibilidade do paciente (18,5%), divergências nas informações prestadas no ato da solicitação (18,5%), solicitação de parecer do Ministério da Saúde em casos excepcionais (7,4%) e a possibilidade de otimização de doses (5,6%). Analisando as intervenções por tipo de leishmaniose, para a LT as principais intervenções foram com relação a necessidade de alteração do tratamento prescrito (43,75%) e para LV a maioria das ações ocorreu após a verificação de prescrições ultrapassando a dose máxima preconizada (57,9%). Conclusão: Esses dados evidenciam a importância da atuação da assistência farmacêutica na garantia da conformidade com os protocolos estabelecidos, garantindo maior segurança para o paciente, eficácia no tratamento e a otimização de recursos terapêuticos disponíveis no SUS. Além disso, reforçam a necessidade de contínua capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos na prescrição, solicitação e dispensação dos medicamentos para leishmanioses.

Kuan Zou, Aixin Sun

Recommender systems have generated tremendous value for both users and businesses, drawing significant attention from academia and industry alike. However, due to practical constraints, academic research remains largely confined to offline dataset optimizations, lacking access to real user data and large-scale recommendation platforms. This limitation reduces practical relevance, slows technological progress, and hampers a full understanding of the key challenges in recommender systems. In this survey, we provide a systematic review of industrial recommender systems and contrast them with their academic counterparts. We highlight key differences in data scale, real-time requirements, and evaluation methodologies, and we summarize major real-world recommendation scenarios along with their associated challenges. We then examine how industry practitioners address these challenges in Transaction-Oriented Recommender Systems and Content-Oriented Recommender Systems, a new classification grounded in item characteristics and recommendation objectives. Finally, we outline promising research directions, including the often-overlooked role of user decision-making, the integration of economic and psychological theories, and concrete suggestions for advancing academic research. Our goal is to enhance academia's understanding of practical recommender systems, bridge the growing development gap, and foster stronger collaboration between industry and academia.

Shuai Li, Chen Yizhe, Li Dong et al.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry is accelerating the shift from traditional automation to intelligent systems with perception and cognition. Vision language-action (VLA) models have been a key paradigm in AI to unify perception, reasoning, and control. Has the performance of the VLA models met the industrial requirements? In this paper, from the perspective of industrial deployment, we compare the performance of existing state-of-the-art VLA models in industrial scenarios and analyze the limitations of VLA models for real-world industrial deployment from the perspectives of data collection and model architecture. The results show that the VLA models retain their ability to perform simple grasping tasks even in industrial settings after fine-tuning. However, there is much room for performance improvement in complex industrial environments, diverse object categories, and high precision placing tasks. Our findings provide practical insight into the adaptability of VLA models for industrial use and highlight the need for task-specific enhancements to improve their robustness, generalization, and precision.

V. Sanchez Padilla, Albert Espinal, Jennifer M. Case et al.

ABET accreditation is an increasingly prominent system of global accreditation of engineering programs, and the assessment requires programs to demonstrate that they meet the needs of the program's stakeholders, typically industrial potential employers of graduates. To obtain these inputs, programs are required to assemble an advisory committee board. The views of the advisory board on the relevance of the degree outcomes are an essential part of this process. The purpose of this qualitative research study is to explore the viewpoints that industry stakeholders have on this type of process. The context for the study was an Ecuadorian engineering program which had successfully achieved the ABET accreditation. The study drew on interviews undertaken with industry members who were part of the advisory board. This study focuses on how they perceive the process and the accreditation awarded, analyzing their views of its usefulness, especially in relation to the employability of graduates. Based on the findings, we offer critical insights into this accreditation process when it takes place in contexts beyond highly industrialized countries.

Abdelrhman Zakaria, Fahima. F. Kassem, Doaa A. Ghareeb et al.

Abstract Salsola plants are halophytic crops that are distributed worldwide, with more than 100 species figured out in Asia, the Mediterranean region and North Africa. Different Salsola species were reported to exert marked anti-inflammatory activities, whereas the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the three species, S. tetrandra, S. tetragona and S. vermiculata, have not been evaluated. This study provides a comprehensive metabolic study of the shoots and roots of those three species to identify potential anti-inflammatory candidates. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass-mass spectrometry (UHPLC MS/MS) method in conjunction with multivariate analysis principles was utilized in an attempt to decipher their bio-active metabolites and their relevant anti-inflammatory activities. Eighty metabolites were identified in the tested extracts, where nitrogenous compounds and phenolics were highly detected in S. tetragona samples, meanwhile, saponins and phenolic acids were highly dominant in S. tetrendra sample and S. vermiculata samples have a similar chemical profile as S. tetrandra. Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extracts, the safety margin of all the tested extracts was higher than that of the standard drug piroxicam. The shoots of the three species demonstrated more potent anti-inflammatory activities compared to the roots. The shoot extract of S. tetrandra was the most biologically active fraction. The obtained results revealed the shoots of the three Salosla species to be promising anti-inflammatory drug candidates of high safety and efficacy that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Almirane Lima de Oliveira, Pedro Augusto Santos Rodrigues, Katarina Mattos Brandão et al.

Introdução: A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica autoimune que acomete as articulações e pode causar destruição articular irreversível. Os Medicamentos Modificadores do Curso da Doença – Biológicos (MMCDb) anti-TNF fazem parte da segunda linha de tratamento da AR. Essa classe tem se mostrado muito promissora devido à melhora na evolução e no prognóstico dos pacientes com essa patologia. Entretanto, a incidência de reações adversas ainda é um fator que pode levar à suspensão da terapia para uma parcela dos usuários. Variantes na via do TNF têm sido associados à resposta terapêutica dos imunobiológicos na AR, no entanto existem poucos estudos que avaliem a associação dessas variantes com o perfil de segurança dos MMCDb. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a associação de variantes genéticas nos genes que codificam o TNF (TNF) e seus receptores (TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B) com a segurança dos imunobiológicos em pacientes com AR regularmente cadastrados no CEAF/BA. Material e Método: Foram incluídos 294 pacientes de dois Centros de Infusão de Medicamentos da Bahia, que foram entrevistados com o auxílio de questionários para avaliar sua história clínica e medicamentosa. A ocorrência de eventos adversos (EA) relacionados ao uso de medicamentos, relatados pelos pacientes e confirmados em registros clínicos de prontuários, e a suspensão desses medicamentos em decorrência desses EA foram utilizadas como critério para avaliar a segurança do tratamento. O DNA de cada indivíduo foi extraído a partir de uma amostra de sangue total e os SNVs (Variante de Nucleotídeo Único) rs1800629 (gene TNF), rs4149570 (gene TNFRSF1A) e rs1061622 (gene TNFRSF1B) foram avaliados. Para a análise da associação de covariáveis com a segurança do tratamento foram realizados o teste qui-quadrado e o teste t de Student através do Software SPSS. As regressões logísticas foram ajustadas para as covariáveis idade no diagnóstico, quantidade de medicamentos anti-TNF já utilizados e quantidade de imunobiológicos já utilizados, pois estas foram associadas aos desfechos analisados. A análise de associações genéticas foi realizada no software PLINK 1.9. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que o alelo A do rs4149570 está associado à ocorrência de EA com infliximabe e à suspensão da terapia com este em razão de EA. O alelo A do rs1800629 está associado à suspensão da terapia com Etanercepte em razão de EA, tento também, esse mesmo SNV, apresentado uma tendência de associação com a ocorrência de EA com MMCDb anti-TNF. Esses resultados são promissores por representarem os primeiros dados envolvendo o impacto de variantes genéticas na segurança do uso de anti-TNF no contexto da AR em uma população brasileira. Conclusões: Apesar dos achados, pesquisas futuras com um número maior de pacientes ainda são necessárias, de modo a fortalecer o conhecimento acerca da farmacogenética da AR, tendo em vista as associações já encontradas, de forma a contribuir para uma maior segurança na farmacoterapia com os MMCDb.

Borys Ioshchikhes, Michael Frank, Matthias Weigold

Against the backdrop of the European Union's commitment to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, efforts to improve energy efficiency are being intensified. The manufacturing industry is a key focal point of these endeavors due to its high final electrical energy demand, while simultaneously facing a growing shortage of skilled workers crucial for meeting established goals. Expert systems (ESs) offer the chance to overcome this challenge by automatically identifying potential energy efficiency improvements and thereby playing a significant role in reducing electricity consumption. This paper systematically reviews state-of-the-art approaches of ESs aimed at improving energy efficiency in industry, with a focus on manufacturing. The literature search yields 1692 results, of which 54 articles published between 1987 and 2023 are analyzed in depth. These publications are classified according to the system boundary, manufacturing type, application perspective, application purpose, ES type, and industry. Furthermore, we examine the structure, implementation, utilization, and development of ESs in this context. Through this analysis, the review reveals research gaps, pointing toward promising topics for future research.

Simon Goorney, Borja Munoz, Jacob Sherson

In this article, we investigate a growing trend in the worldwide Quantum Technology (QT) education landscape, that of the development of masters programs, intended to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills to take a job in the quantum industry, while serving a much shorter timeline than a doctoral degree. Through a global survey, we identified 86 masters programs, with substantial growth since 2021. Over time masters have become increasingly interdisciplinary, organised by multiple faculties or through joint degree programs, and offer more hands-on experiences such as internships in companies. Information from program organisers and websites suggests that the intended career destinations of their graduates are a diverse range of industries, and therefore masters programs may be a boon to the industrialisation of quantum technologies. Finally, we identify a range of national efforts to grow the quantum workforce of many countries, quantum program enhancements, which augment the content of existing study programs with quantum content. This may further contribute to the growth and viability of masters programs as a route to the quantum industry.

Wesley Hanwen Deng, Solon Barocas, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

Recent years have witnessed increasing calls for computing researchers to grapple with the societal impacts of their work. Tools such as impact assessments have gained prominence as a method to uncover potential impacts, and a number of publication venues now encourage authors to include an impact statement in their submissions. Despite this push, little is known about the way researchers assess, articulate, and address the potential negative societal impact of their work -- especially in industry settings, where research outcomes are often quickly integrated into products. In addition, while there are nascent efforts to support researchers in this task, there remains a dearth of empirically-informed tools and processes. Through interviews with 25 industry computing researchers across different companies and research areas, we first identify four key factors that influence how they grapple with (or choose not to grapple with) the societal impact of their research. To develop an effective impact assessment template tailored to industry computing researchers' needs, we conduct an iterative co-design process with these 25 industry researchers and an additional 16 researchers and practitioners with prior experience and expertise in reviewing and developing impact assessments or broad responsible computing practices. Through the co-design process, we develop 10 design considerations to facilitate the effective design, development, and adaptation of an impact assessment template for use in industry research settings and beyond, as well as our own ``Societal Impact Assessment'' template with concrete scaffolds. We explore the effectiveness of this template through a user study with 15 industry research interns, revealing both its strengths and limitations. Finally, we discuss the implications for future researchers and organizations seeking to foster more responsible research practices.

Jimmy Xuekai Li, Tiancheng Zhang, Yiran Zhu et al.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is set to profoundly impact the oil and gas industry by introducing unprecedented efficiencies and innovations. This paper explores AGI's foundational principles and its transformative applications, particularly focusing on the advancements brought about by large language models (LLMs) and extensive computer vision systems in the upstream sectors of the industry. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already begun reshaping the oil and gas landscape, offering enhancements in production optimization, downtime reduction, safety improvements, and advancements in exploration and drilling techniques. These technologies streamline logistics, minimize maintenance costs, automate monotonous tasks, refine decision-making processes, foster team collaboration, and amplify profitability through error reduction and actionable insights extraction. Despite these advancements, the deployment of AI technologies faces challenges, including the necessity for skilled professionals for implementation and the limitations of model training on constrained datasets, which affects the models' adaptability across different contexts. The advent of generative AI, exemplified by innovations like ChatGPT and the Segment Anything Model (SAM), heralds a new era of high-density innovation. These developments highlight a shift towards natural language interfaces and domain-knowledge-driven AI, promising more accessible and tailored solutions for the oil and gas industry. This review articulates the vast potential AGI holds for tackling complex operational challenges within the upstream oil and gas industry, requiring near-human levels of intelligence. We discussed the promising applications, the hurdles of large-scale AGI model deployment, and the necessity for domain-specific knowledge in maximizing the benefits of these technologies.

Johnderson Nogueira de Carvalho, Felipe Rodrigues da Silva, Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento

The biopharmaceutical industry has specificities related to the optimization of its processes, the effectiveness of the maintenance of the productive park in the face of regulatory requirements. and current concepts of modern industry. Current research on the subject points to investments in the health area using the current tools and concepts of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) with the objective of a more assertive production, reduction of maintenance costs, reduction of operating risks, and minimization of equipment idle time. In this context, this study aims to characterize the current knowledge about the challenges of the biopharmaceutical industry in the application of prescriptive maintenance, which derives from predictive maintenance, in the context of I4.0. To achieve this, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in the scientific knowledge bases IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, considering works such as Reviews, Article Research, and Conference Abstracts published between 2018 and 2023. The results obtained revealed that prescriptive maintenance offers opportunities for improvement in the production process, such as cost reduction and greater proximity to all actors in the areas of production, maintenance, quality, and management. The limitations presented in the literature include a reduced number of models, the lack of a clearer understanding of its construction, lack of applications directly linked to the biopharmaceutical industry, and lack of measurement of costs and implementation time of these models. There are significant advances in this area including the implementation of more elaborate algorithms used in artificial intelligence neural networks, the advancement of the use of decision support systems as well as the collection of data in a more structured and intelligent way. It is concluded that for the adoption of prescriptive maintenance in the pharmaceutical industry, issues such as the definition of data entry and analysis methods, interoperability between “shop floor” and corporate systems, as well as the integration of technologies existing in the world, must be considered for I4.0.

Kelli Carneiro de Freitas Nakata, Helder Cassio de Oliveira, Priscilla Perez da Silva Pereira et al.

Introdução No Brasil, em 2022, a taxa de incidência de casos prováveis de dengue era de 679,9 casos por 100 mil habitantes, sendo o Centro-Oeste a região com maior taxa. A infecção fornece imunidade vitalícia contra o sorotipo adquirido, porém a imunidade cruzada para outros sorotipos é parcial ou temporária. No ano de 2015, uma vacina tetravalente contra a dengue, Dengvaxia®, foi registrada no Brasil para indivíduos com nove a 45 anos de idade, porém sua indicação está restrita a indivíduos com infecção anterior por dengue. Em 2023, uma nova vacina tetravalente Qdenga® foi aprovada no Brasil para a prevenção da dengue causada por qualquer sorotipo do vírus em indivíduos de 4 a 60 anos, sem necessidade de avaliar a exposição a dengue. Métodos  O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o monitoramento do horizonte tecnológico da vacina Qdenga® na profilaxia da dengue. Registros de ensaios clínicos foram recuperados nas bases de dados Cortellis e ClinicalTrials, utilizando o nome da vacina e termos correlatos, excluídos ensaios de fase 1 e 2 e os que avaliaram estabilidade do produto. Para recuperar estudos publicados nas bases de dados EMBASE, Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, MedNar e WorldWideScience.org foram consultadas. As publicações foram triadas utilizando a plataforma Rayyan, por três revisores independentes e os dados apresentados em tabelas descritivas. Resultados Nas bases de dados Cortellis e ClinicalTrials foram encontrados cinco registros de ensaios clínicos. A busca por estudos publicados recuperou 335 títulos, sete foram selecionados para leitura completa e cinco títulos foram incluídos, 3 deles correspondendo a fases distintas de um único estudo, o estudo TIDES que randomizou 20.099 crianças e adolescentes em região endêmica para dengue. Esse estudo apontou uma taxa geral da prevenção de dengue sorologicamente confirmada de 80,2% (73,3 a 85,3); 73,3% (66,5 a 78,8) e 62,0% (56,6 a 66,7) em 1, 2 e 3 anos respectivamente. A taxa variou por sorotipo do vírus e status sorológicos dos participantes (18 meses): DENV-1 [soropositivos: 72,0% (52,2 a 83,6); soronegativos: 67,8% (40,3 a 82,6)]; DENV-2 [soropositivo: 93,7% (86,1 a 97,1); soronegativo 98,1% (85,8 a 99,7)]; DENV-3 [soropositivo: 61,8% (43,0 a 74,4); soronegativo –68,2% (–318,9 a 32,4)]; DENV-4 [soropositivo 61,2% (–44,3 a 89,6); soronegativo: sem dados]. Já para o desfecho prevenção de dengue confirmada que requer hospitalização a taxa geral foi de 95,4% (88,4 a 98,2); 90,4% (82,6 a 94,7) e 83,6% (76,8 a 88,4) em 12, 18 meses e 3 anos respectivamente. O perfil de segurança da vacina avaliado pela frequência de eventos adversos foi aceitável em todos os estudos, sendo os eventos adversos locais ou sistêmicos predominantemente leves. A imunogenicidade da Qdenga® foi avaliada na população de crianças e adolescentes e de adultos. Os títulos médios geométricos de anticorpos neutralizantes medidos nesses estudos apontam que a vacina foi capaz de estimular a soropositividade para os quatro tipos de vírus da dengue a partir do primeiro mês. Discussão e conclusões  A vacina Qdenga® apresenta alguns pontos positivos: demonstrou uma eficácia importante na prevenção de infecção e de casos que exigem hospitalização, especialmente para o sorotipo 2, o mais comum no Brasil; segurança tanto para indivíduos soronegativos, quanto soropositivos, podendo ser usada em amplo grupo populacional por não exigir teste pré-vacinação. No entanto, respostas imunológicas podem não ser induzidas em todos os vacinados para múltiplos sorotipos do vírus da dengue.

Tasnim Mohammad, Rishikesh Ghogare, Lauren B. Morton et al.

Industrial hemp <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. is an economically important crop mostly grown for its fiber, oil, and seeds. Due to its increasing applications in the pharmaceutical industry and a lack of knowledge of gene functions in cannabinoid biosynthesis pathways, developing an efficient transformation platform for the genetic engineering of industrial hemp has become necessary to enable functional genomic and industrial application studies. A critical step in the development of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation in the hemp genus is the establishment of optimal conditions for T-DNA gene delivery into different explants from which whole plantlets can be regenerated. As a first step in the development of a successful <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation method for hemp gene editing, the factors influencing the successful T-DNA integration and expression (as measured by transient <i>β-glucuronidase</i> (GUS) and Green Florescent Protein (GFP) expression) were investigated. In this study, the parameters for an agroinfiltration system in hemp, which applies to the stable transformation method, were optimized. In the present study, we tested different explants, such as 1- to 3-week-old leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root segments, nodal parts, and 2- to 3-week-old leaf-derived calli. We observed that the 3-week-old leaves were the best explant for transient gene expression. Fully expanded 2- to 3-week-old leaf explants, in combination with 30 min of immersion time, 60 µM silver nitrate, 0.5 µM calcium chloride, 150 µM natural phenolic compound acetosyringone, and a bacterial density of OD_600nm = 0.4 resulted in the highest GUS and GFP expression. The improved method of genetic transformation established in the present study will be useful for the introduction of foreign genes of interest, using the latest technologies such as genome editing, and studying gene functions that regulate secondary metabolites in hemp.

Catia Cristina Martins de Oliveira, Carmen Romero, Rodolfo Castro et al.

Introdução A sífilis é uma das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns em todo o mundo. A transmissão pode ocorrer via contato sexual, transfusão de sangue ou transmissão vertical de mãe para filho, sendo este último modo o de maior impacto para a saúde pública. Para contribuir com a redução da incidência e da mortalidade infantil por sífilis congênita (SC) testes de diagnóstico rápido foram introduzidos no Brasil em 2012 com implantação gradual em plataforma no pré-natal. No entanto, as pesquisas desenvolvidas no país sobre essa tecnologia tiveram foco, principalmente, na cobertura e implementação. Diante do quadro epidemiológico no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), com as maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade infantil por SC no país em 2022, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o impacto do teste de diagnóstico rápido no indicador de morbidade visando melhorar a sua expansão e sustentabilidade no SUS. Métodos Desenho quase-experimental, com o uso de série temporal interrompida (ITS), foi utilizado para avaliar o impacto do teste de diagnóstico rápido na taxa de incidência por sífilis congênita em menores de 1 ano. Foram elegíveis para análise o Estado do Rio de Janeiro e duas regiões consideradas prioritárias pelo Ministério da Saúde para o enfrentamento da doença: Metropolitanas I e II. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados o SINAN – Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, sendo o período de análise de 2007 a 2022, considerando o ano de 2012 como de implementação da tecnologia. A análise de ITS pressupõe segmentar, algébrica e graficamente, a série temporal onde dois parâmetros definem cada segmento da série: nível (valor inicial da série em cada segmento que mostra o impacto imediato da intervenção) e tendência (mudança percentual dos valores ao longo do período compreendido pelo segmento – impacto tardio). Resultados O modelo de regressão segmentada revelou que após implementação da tecnologia não houve queda significativa na média mensal de casos por 1.000 nascidos vivos em todo o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A análise regional mostrou aumento do nível na Metropolitana I, ou seja, não houve impacto imediato no indicador de desfecho (β2: 0,0842 - IC95%:-0,1343843; 0,3027865), porém em relação a tendência observa-se uma pequena redução da taxa de incidência em menores de 1 ano, mas não estatisticamente significativa (β3: -0,0038 - IC95%:-0,0101553; 0,0025103). Os valores obtidos na Metropolitana II para o nível (β2: 0.3587 - IC95%: -0.208722; 0.9261546) e a tendência (β3: 0.0180 - IC 95%: 0.0010199;0.035068) mostram que não houve mudança imediata ou tardia com a introdução do teste de diagnóstico rápido nessa região. Discussão e conclusões O uso de ITS fornece evidências sobre o efeito da intervenção introduzida como parte das ações prioritárias para enfrentamento da SC no Brasil. Nossos resultados sugerem que a implantação do teste de diagnóstico rápido teve pouco impacto - imediato e tardio na taxa de incidência da sífilis congênita em menores de 1 ano, a partir de 2012, nas regiões prioritárias para a doença no Estado do RJ. Estudos qualitativos adicionais são necessários para compreender melhor questões subjacentes ao uso do teste rápido nos municípios dessas regiões.

Will Aitken, Mohamed Abdalla, Karen Rudie et al.

Impressive performance of pre-trained models has garnered public attention and made news headlines in recent years. Almost always, these models are produced by or in collaboration with industry. Using them is critical for competing on natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks and correspondingly to stay relevant in NLP research. We surveyed 100 papers published at EMNLP 2022 to determine the degree to which researchers rely on industry models, other artifacts, and contributions to publish in prestigious NLP venues and found that the ratio of their citation is at least three times greater than what would be expected. Our work serves as a scaffold to enable future researchers to more accurately address whether: 1) Collaboration with industry is still collaboration in the absence of an alternative or 2) if NLP inquiry has been captured by the motivations and research direction of private corporations.

Ali Kaan Kurbanzade, Ansaar M. Baig, Sanjay Mehrotra

Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, have emerged as a disruptive technology with the potential to revolutionize operations across various industries. Drones are the fast-growing internet-of-things technology and are estimated to have a $100 billion market value in the next decade. Exploring drone operations through research has the potential to yield innovative academic insights and create significant practical effects in diverse industries, offering a competitive edge. Drawing insights from both academic and industry literature, this article describes how technological advancements in UAVs may disrupt traditional operational practices in different industries (e.g., commercial last-mile delivery, commercial pickup and delivery, telecommunication, insurance, healthcare, humanitarian, environmental, urban planning, homeland security), identifies the value of this evolving disruptive technology from sustainability and operational innovation perspectives, argues the significance of this area for operations management by conceptualizing a research agenda. The current state of the art focuses on the computing aspect of analytical models to tackle a variety of synthetic drone-related problems, with mixed integer optimization being the primary tool. There is a very significant research gap that should focus on drone operations management with industry know-how by partnering with actual stakeholders and using a variety of tools (i.e., econometrics, field experiments, game theory, optimal control, utility functions). This article aims to promote research on UAVs from operations management and industry-specific point of view.

V. V. Novikova, V. O. Vasilev, V. L. Gein et al.

Introduction. An important direction of modern pharmacy is the production of new domestic substances with anti-infectious activity, within the framework of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the state. Optimization of methods for determining antimicrobial activity is an integral part of these studies. Previously obtained silver salts of pyrazoles and pyrazolecarboxamideshad high antimicrobial activity. This work presents the results of determining the antimicrobial activity of new biologically active compounds synthesized by a salt formation reaction with silver ions at the carboxyl group of aroylpyruvic acid amides containing anthranilic acid in the amide fragment.Aim. Obtaining previously unknown amides of aroylpyruvic acids and their silver salts and studying their antimicrobial activity (AMA).Materials and methods. New N-substituted amides of anthranilic acids and their silver salts were obtained by organic synthesis methods. To study their antimicrobial activity, a micromethod of double serial dilutions was used on screening strains of S. aureus ATCC 6538P, E. coli ATCC 25922, as well as E. faecalis ATCC 29212, S. aureus Wood 46, S. abony No. 103/39 for highly active compounds. Additionally, a method of accounting for the results was carried out using the phenomenon of fluorescence in interaction with rezazurin, indicating the presence of living microbial cells.Results and discussion. The presence of antibacterial activity of silver salts 2a and 2b in relation to the studied strains was established: the minimum suppressive concentration (MPC) of compound 2a is 23.4–31.2 micrograms/ml, 2b is 3.9–5.8 micrograms/ml. When taking into account the results of the study of AMA using the phenomenon of fluorescence, it was found that they either coincide with the values of MPC determined visually, or indicate less antibacterial activity. Comparison of these results and seeding of the contents of the wells on a dense nutrient medium with respect to screening strains indicates that the suppression of fluorescence in experimental wells in the range of 99–82 % compared with the control is accompanied by the absence of bacterial growth (bactericidal effect), with fluorescence inhibition of less than 60 %, a pronounced growth of microorganisms is observed. In the intermediate range, the growth of single colonies is observed (bacteriostatic effect).Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the new silver salts of N-substituted amides of aroylpyruvic acids have high antimicrobial activity. The correspondence of the type of antibacterial activity to the degree of fluorescence inhibition was established.

T. N. Komarov, P. A. Karpova, O. A. Archakova et al.

Introduction. Favipiravir is one of the most well-known broad-spectrum drugs against many RNA viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)]. Due to its structure, favipiravir is embedded in the RNA of the virus and blocks its further replication in the cell of the human body. Favipiravir is also included in the list of vital and essential medicines, which confirms the importance for Russian healthcare of this drug in the fight against common RNA viruses. We have already published bioanalytical methods for determining favipiravir in human blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC–UV) in order to study the pharmacokinetics of favipiravir with parenteral administration (the analytical range of the technique was 0.25–200.00 µg/ ml for the dosage of favipiravir 400 mg in 1 vial of lyophilizate for the preparation of concentrate for the preparation of solution for infusions) and by HPLC with tandem mass-selective detection (HPLC-MS/MS) in order to study the pharmacokinetics of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in their joint determination in blood plasma with oral administration (the analytical range of the technique was 250.00–20000.00 ng/ml for the dosage of favipiravir 400 mg in 1 tablet). The expectation of low favipiravir’s concentrations (the dosage of favipiravir in the drugs in question is 200 mg in 1 tablet in this study) and, in this regard, the expansion of the range by reducing the value of the lower limit of quantitative determination (LLOQ) used in this study necessitates the development of another method. Therefore, this study is given the development and validation of a method for determining favipiravir in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS with an analytical range of 50.00–15000.00 ng/ml.Aim. The aim of this study is to develop a method for quantitative determination of favipiravir in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS for further for further researches of pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of drugs.Materials and methods. In the process of sample preparation, a method of proteins precipitation with methanol was used. A solution labeled with stable isotopes of favipiravir-13C3 was used as an internal standard, the mobile phase was a 0.1 % solution of formic acid in water (eluent A) and methanol (eluent B). Chromatographic column – Phenomenex Kinetex C18, 100×3.0 mm. The determination of favipiravir in human blood plasma was carried out by HPLC using a tandem mass spectrometric detector with a triple quadrupole. The analytical range for favipiravir is 50.00– 15000.00 ng/ml in human blood plasma.Results and discussion. This method was validated by selectivity, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, spike recovery, carry-over effect, the lower limit of quantification and stability.Conclusion. A method of quantitative favipiravir’s determination in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS with a confirmed analytical range of 50.00–15000.00 ng/ml in human blood plasma has been developed and validated. This method allows using it for the analytical part of pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies of drugs containing favipiravir in order to expand their range in the domestic pharmaceutical market.

Ana Paula Beck da Silva Etges, Anna Luiza Ferreira, Gabriela Boff Comiran et al.

Introdução: O contínuo avanço das tecnologias, tais como, incorporação de medicamentos para tratamento do câncer, tem provocado uma revisão das práticas de gestão de saúde no mundo. Há consenso de que a redefinição e sustentabilidade do sistema envolve a implementação de ações de saúde baseado em valor (VBHC). Embora haja um conhecimento geral de que estratégias de VBHC são necessárias, as evidências do que está sendo aplicado na prática ainda são escassas. Objetivos: Identificar os principais casos e delinear estratégias para orientar a implementação de programas de VBHC em linhas de cuidado oncológicas no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Especialistas foram selecionados a partir dos seguintes critérios: expertise em gestão e economia da saúde, histórico da instituição que representam, adoção de métodos e políticas inovadoras de gestão e experiência em VBHC. A inclusão dos participantes abrangeu prestadores e pagadores. Foi aplicado um questionário qualitativo semi estruturado, seguindo uma revisão sistemática da literatura que teve como objetivo identificar as iniciativas de VBHC em oncologia no mundo. O documento foi validado por dois especialistas que consideraram o histórico de iniciativas do entrevistado em 9 domínios: conceitos de valor em saúde, aplicabilidade na oncologia; papel dos diferentes stakeholders, implementação na saúde pública e suplementar, medição de desfechos, medição de custos, digitalização, modelos de pagamento e desafios para acelerar a implementação. A partir da convergência das respostas, estratégias para guiar a implementação de programas de VBHC foram elencadas e organizadas em formato de agenda de implementação. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 5 especialistas: 1 gestor de saúde/oncologista, 2 executivos de saúde e 2 oncologistas, sendo 4 de instituições privadas e 1 de instituição pública/privada do sul e sudeste do Brasil. A partir de suas percepções convergentes foram elencadas 10 estratégias a serem implementadas em um período de até 5 anos: (A) definição estratégica envolvendo a liderança institucional; (B) constituição de equipe multidisciplinar e enfermeiras navegadoras; (C) construção de linhas de cuidados e adoção de soluções digitais; (D) definição e mensuração de desfechos; (E) definição e mensuração de custos; (F) uso de instrumentos digitais para coleta de dados; (G) implementação de unidades de prática integradas; (H) construção de dashboard e governança de dados; (I) estabelecimento de modelos de remuneração baseados em resultados; (J) virada de chave institucional; (K) expansão para sistema de saúde e benchmarking. Discussão e Conclusões: A aplicabilidade de iniciativas de VBHC é uma necessidade para alcance de melhores resultados para pacientes com câncer e sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde público e suplementar. O estudo permitiu delinear um framework para apoiar aqueles que desejam implementar projetos estratégicos de VBHC em oncologia no cenário brasileiro e, assim, impactar a equidade, a sustentabilidade financeira e a saúde da população.  

A. P. Kolpaksidi, M. V. Dmitrieva, L. L. Nikolaeva et al.

Introduction. LHS-1269 is an indolocarbazole derivative with high antitumor activity. Due to the hydrophobic properties of the active substance, the use of organic co-solvents – dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol – is required to obtain an injectable dosage form (DP). However, the inclusion of organic solvents in the composition of the DF carries a potential risk of side effects as a result of the use of the drug.Aim. Selection of auxiliary substances for obtaining an aqueous solution of hydrophobic indolecarbazole derivative, which allows minimizing the concentration of organic solvents in the composition of DF.Materials and methods. The object of the study is the active substance LHS-1269 series 010320, produced in the Chemical Synthesis Laboratory of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The following auxiliary substances were used to obtain model compositions: Kollidon® 17 PF, Kollisolv® PEG-400, Kolliphor® P 188, Montanox™ 20, DMSO (p.a.), ethanol 95 % (standardized according to pharmacopoeia quality standard ФС.2.2.0019.18 of The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation). Analytical scales OHAUS Analytical Plus AP 100S and laboratory scales AND DL-120 were used for weighing LHS-1269 and auxiliary substances. The dissolution and mixing of the components was carried out on an IKA® C-MAG HS 4 magnetic stirrer.Results and discussion. In the course of the study, 2 groups of model compositions were obtained and estimated, comprising a complex of two or more auxiliary substances as a solubilizer. The first group of formulations contained DMSO at a concentration of 5 % and ethanol at concentrations from 0 to 15 %. The compositions of the second group included DMSO from 0 to 4 %. As a result, it was found that the addition of 5 % Kolliphor® P 188 to the composition of the solution reduces the content of ethanol to 5 %. In this case, with further decrease in ethanol, turbidity of the solution and precipitation are observed. Reducing the concentration of DMSO in the DF to 2 % was achieved by using a combination of 20 % ethanol and solubilizer complex – Kollidon® 17 (20 %), Kollisolv® PEG-400 (20 %) and Kolliphor® P 188 (5 %). In this case, the total dissolution of the active substance without DMSO was observed when compensating for the organic solvent by introducing additional auxiliary substances – Montanox™ 20 (5 %) and benzene (2 %).Conclusion. As a result of the research, the compositions of the auxiliary substances of solubilizers are selected, allowing to obtain an aqueous solution of the hydrophobic compound LHS-1269 with a minimum concentration of organic solvents.