Hasil untuk "Other systems of medicine"

Ibrahim Hinad, Youssef S’hih, Abdelhalem Mesfioui et al.

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrates, protein and lipid metabolism ending up with serious complications such retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Olea europaea L. leaves are extensively used worldwide in conventional medicine of several diseases, especially Diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of olive leaves extract on normal and fructose-induced diabetic male rats. To assess the hypoglycemic effect of olive leaves extract, five groups of rats were formed. The first was used as normal control (treated with distilled water), the second was normal treated with a dose of 500mg/kg.bw of the extract, the third was diabetic control (treated with distilled water), the fourth and fifth groups were diabetic groups administered with the extract (500 mg/kg.bw) and anti-diabetic drug (25 µg/kg.bw) respectively. The treatment lasted 28 days during which the variations of fasting blood glucose, body weight, the food and water consumption were reported and total Cholesterol and Triglycerides were measured for all groups at the end of the treatments. The extract of olive leaves has shown a remarkable anti-hyperglycemic activity accompanied by a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the body weight of rats. In addition, chronic treatment of rats by the extract improved the lipid parameters of diabetic rats. The present results proved the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the olive leaves extract and confirmed its use in traditional treatment of diabetes. However, additional investigations are needed to isolate the active compounds responsible for these activities, identify its mode of action and enhance it for a safe and a successful usage.

Ruibin Chen, Jayadev Joy, Yaqi Hu et al.

Ray tracing is increasingly utilized in wireless system simulations to estimate channel paths. In large-scale simulations with complex environments, ray tracing at high resolution can be computationally demanding. To reduce the computation, this paper presents a novel method for conducting ray tracing at a coarse set of reference points and interpolating the channels at other locations. The key insight is to interpolate the images of reflected points. In addition to the computational savings, the method directly captures the spherical nature of each wavefront enabling fast and accurate computation of channels using line-of-sight MIMO and other wide aperture techniques. Through empirical validation and comparison with exhaustive ray tracing, we demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of our approach in achieving high-fidelity channel predictions with reduced computational resources.

Bin Cong

Abraham Goodness Ogofure, Tendani Sebola, Ezekiel Green

Abstract Background Crinum macowanii is a therapeutic plant acknowledged for its rich phytochemical profile and traditional medicinal uses. Research on endophytic fungi has surged due to their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which have antimicrobial and antiproliferative or cytotoxic properties. This study evaluated the diversity, antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential, and metabolomic profiles of fungal endophytes isolated from C. macowanii. Results Fungal endophytes were isolated from fresh leaves and bulbs of C. macowanii collected from a botanical garden. The endophytes were identified using cultural and molecular techniques, and sequences were deposited in GenBank. Crude secondary metabolites were extracted from the fungal endophytes by fermentation, and the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were evaluated using a 96-well plate Resazurin Microtiter assay. Cytotoxicity assays were carried out using U87MG Glioblastoma cells and A549 Lung carcinoma cell lines to assess the antiproliferative effect of the secondary metabolites. An untargeted analysis of the bioactive components from two endophytes with the most active antibacterial metabolites was conducted using LC-Q-TOF-MS. The results revealed that six fungal endophytes (Filobasidium magnum, Filobasidium sp., Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Penicillium sp., and P. chrysogenum) were identified from the leaves and bulb of C. macowanii. There was significant antibacterial activity, specifically from Penicillium sp., against several pathogens of public health importance. Cytotoxicity assessments on A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines showed mild cytotoxicity compared to the auranofin control, with 87.13% cell viability at 100 µg/mL on A549 cells. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified eight secondary metabolites. Four were shared between A. tenuissima and Penicillium sp., while each species produced two unique compounds. The high efficacy of some of the extracts from these endophytes against clinically relevant pathogens underscores their relevance to public health, especially in combating infectious diseases where traditional antibiotics could have been ineffective. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of endophytes in drug discovery, particularly in contexts where resistance to conventional treatments is rising. With AMR at critical levels, endophytes like Penicillium species offer leads for next-generation antibiotics to overcome pathogen resistance. The selective antiproliferative potential of the crude extract warrants further investigation, as it could pave the way for developing novel, targeted anticancer therapies with potentially fewer side effects. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Cheng-Che Wu, Cheng-Che Wu, Chang-Cheng Wu et al.

ObjectivesTo explore the overall effectiveness of the Post-Acute Care-Cerebrovascular Diseases (PAC-CVD) program in Taiwan, which was implemented in 2014.Data sourcesA systematic search of databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar, was conducted. Eligible studies published between Jan 2014 and June 2023 were included.Study selectionStudies included those that explored stroke care, involved post-acute care, were conducted in Taiwan, focused on an inpatient model of the PAC-CVD program, and had either a quantitative or qualitative design. In total, 23 articles were identified and included for narrative synthesis after complete examination.Data extractionMultiple observers independently extracted the research articles, with their objectives focused on topics such as patient outcomes, quality of care, the influence of referral systems, cost-effectiveness, or outcome prediction for the PAC-CVD program.Data synthesisThe PAC groups showed significantly better performance in most functional outcome, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness indicators than the non-PAC groups. Patients with intra-hospital referrals or in partner hospitals had better outcomes. Younger age, ischemic stroke, and better baseline condition, especially in balance function, were strong predictive factors for stroke prognosis in the PAC program.ConclusionsThe PAC-CVD program, implemented in Taiwan through the establishment of an integrated healthcare system and a change in payment systems, not only enhanced functional recovery and quality of life of acute stroke patients but also improved the quality of health care. The program also offered a more efficient and effective care model for acute stroke patients by reducing medical expenditures. However, the PAC program has also increased the workload of clinical healthcare professionals. The successful PAC-CVD implementation indicates the possibility of a standard rehabilitative care model for acute stroke patients, with expansion to other diseases or conditions possible after adjustments to the payment structure and workload.

Sukhbir Singh, Abhimanyu Kumar, Meenakshi Saraf et al.

Aggression, driven by biological, psychological, and environmental factors, disrupts emotional balance and social stability. While pharmacological treatments offer temporary relief, they come with adverse effects, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Yoga, with its holistic approach, has been recognized for its role in promoting emotional regulation, reducing stress, and managing aggression. This narrative review aims to evaluate and compile existing research through extensive database searches to examine the effect of yogic interventions on aggression. Data were obtained using a systematic search process by searching online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords like “Yoga”, “Aggression”. Controlled human trials used yoga as an intervention with the appropriate control group, and aggression-related outcomes were selected for inclusion. The included studies exhibited methodological heterogeneity. Limiting the review to English-language studies published between 2020 and 2025, and excluding the integrated approaches. Out of 597 potentially eligible articles searched, 08 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Most of the selected studies demonstrated that yoga significantly reduced aggression levels and enhanced emotional regulation by managing stress, anxiety, anger, and related factors in various populations. Interestingly, one study reported that the reduction in aggression was not attributed to yoga itself but to improvements in other psychological factors. Existing research highlights yoga as a promising non-pharmacological approach for managing aggression across diverse populations by enhancing emotional regulation and related factors. However, Future studies should explore additional yoga modules, integrate them with established therapies, and investigate psycho-physiological mechanisms to optimise their therapeutic effectiveness in aggression management.

Lora Oravecz, Attila László Szűcs, Júlia Patakiné Bősze

Tanulmányunkban a WHOOP okoseszközt mutattuk be és vizsgáltuk, fókuszunk központjába helyezve annak alvás-, terhelés- (strain) és regenerációs mutatóit. Ezek a területek jelentős mértékben járulhatnak hozzá a fizikai és mentális teljesítmény optimalizálásához. Az eszköz laboratóriumi szintű alvásanalízise személyre szabott ajánlásokat nyújt az optimális pihenéshez, figyelembe véve az egyéni életvitelt és körülményeket. A strain mutató objektív módon méri a fizikai és mentális terhelést, segítve a felhasználót abban, hogy hatékonyan szabályozza edzésterhelését. A regenerációs érték pedig komplex fiziológiai paraméterek alapján mutatja meg a szervezet aktuális alkalmazkodóképességét. A szerzők saját tapasztalatai alapján a WHOOP használata jelentős támogatást nyújtott a tudatosabb életmód kialakításában, a pihentetőbb alvás elérésében és a terhelés-tervezés finomhangolásában. A készülék különösen hasznos lehet rekreációs sportolók és egészségtudatos felhasználók számára, bár fontos, hogy az eszköz adatait mindig egyéni szempontok és szakmai háttértudás alapján értelmezzük.

Karishma Pauriyal, Annusuiya Gohil, Nidhi Sharma et al.

Background: Ayurveda has long recognized the harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption, known as Madatyaya. P5 model provides a holistic approach to alcohol abuse treatment. Ayurvedic management of alcohol use disorders (AUD) involves detoxification (Shodhana), modifications in diet and lifestyle (Ahara and Vihara), and psychological interventions such as Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, which focuses on cognitive restructuring and mindfulness techniques. Objective: The objective is to assess the applicability and effectiveness of the P5 Model (Predictive, Personalized, Preventive, Participatory, and Psycho-cognitive) in the management and treatment of AUD from an Ayurvedic perspective. Data Source: The references relevant to the above concepts were searched from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. The relevant portion of Ayurveda is collated from the classical texts. Review Methods: Summarizing and critically analyzing existing literature on an AUD and P5 model without strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: The principles of the P5 model are mentioned extensively in Ayurveda and can be applied in the management of AUD. By analyzing an individual’s physical and mental status through the lens of Ayurveda, early intervention and personalized treatment can be provided. Treatment is tailored to each person’s unique Prakriti, Dosha imbalances, and lifestyle factors. Ayurveda also addresses the psychological and emotional aspects of AUD through therapies such as Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, cognitive restructuring, and mindfulness practices. Encouraging patients to engage in the treatment actively enhances their ability to adopt healthier habits and actively participate in their recovery. Conclusion: By combining the P5 model with Ayurvedic principles, a comprehensive approach to treating AUD is created, tackling not only the physical symptoms but also the psychological, emotional, and social aspects. Ayurveda’s personalized care, tailored to an individual’s constitution and lifestyle, fosters long-term emotional and cognitive healing. With additional research, this model could enhance traditional addiction treatments, offering a more balanced and long-lasting approach to recovery.

Giacomo Baggio, Marco Fabris

This paper leverages linear systems theory to propose a principled measure of complexity for network systems. We focus on a network of first-order scalar linear systems interconnected through a directed graph. By locally filtering out the effect of nodal dynamics in the interconnected system, we propose a new quantitative index of network complexity rooted in the notion of McMillan degree of a linear system. First, we show that network systems with the same interconnection structure share the same complexity index for almost all choices of their interconnection weights. Then, we investigate the dependence of the proposed index on the topology of the network and the pattern of heterogeneity of the nodal dynamics. Specifically, we find that the index depends on the matching number of subgraphs identified by nodal dynamics of different nature, highlighting the joint impact of network architecture and component diversity on overall system complexity.

Yangyang Chen, Tinghui Gao, Jing Bai et al.

Abstract Background Fatigue is a prevalent issue that can lead individuals to a sub-health condition, impacting their work efficiency and quality of life. There are limited effective treatment options available for fatigue. Ren-Shen-Bu-Qi decoction (RSBQD) is a proprietary herbal remedy that is designed to address fatigue. However, the specific pharmacological mechanisms and basis of RSBQD are not yet fully understood. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of RSBQD in a mouse model of exercise fatigue. Materials and methods UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to analyze the chemical composition of RSBQD. The pharmacological basis and molecular mechanism of RSBQD on exercise fatigue were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, an exercise fatigue mouse model was established and used to analysis the effects of RSBQD. The potential mechanisms were verified by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB) and molecular docking. Results The results showed that 88 main components of RSBQD were identified, which have mainly belonged to flavonoids and carboxylic acid compounds. The network pharmacology analysis indicated that RSBQD ameliorate fatigue through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notably, RSBQD prolonged the swimming time and diminished body weight loss of exercise fatigue mice (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, RSBQD significantly alleviated the injury of liver and kidney induced by exhaustive exercise, and decreasing the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and BUN levels (P < 0.05). In addition, RSBQD was found could relieve exercise fatigue by decreasing the content of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactic acid (LA), but increasing the blood glucose (GLU) and liver glycogen (HG) levels (P < 0.05). RSBQD also significantly increased the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) but decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, RSBQD was able to upregulate protein level of activated Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Conclusions RSBQD mitigates exercise fatigue by reversing metabolic changes and reducing oxidative damage through the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study offers pharmacological support for the utilization of RSBQD in exercise fatigue treatment. Graphical Abstract

Ovidiu Alexinschi, Andrei Siriţeanu

SUN Wansu, WU Chenyi, ZHA Chuping, HONG Lilin, ZHANG Hengguo

Objective To study the possibility of using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)with CTAn software to analyze bone resistance during mandibular third molar extraction surgery. Methods Fifty-three patients who underwent CBCT scans for third molars at the Department of Stomatology from January 1st 2021 to July 31th 2023 were induded, involving a total of 91 mandibular third molars. CTAn software was used to analyze the buccal and lingual bone volume regions around mandibular third molars in CBCT images, assessing three-dimensional bone microstructural parameters. Results Significant differences(P&lt;0.05)in tissue volume, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, bone surface/trabecular bone volume, bone surface/tissue volume, and bone mineral density between the buccal and lingual bone volume areas were observed in both the total sample and in stratified analyses based on themesially inclined/verticalmandibular third molar impactionand gender. In high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions, females showed more significant differences in microstructural parameters of the buccal and lingual bone volume compared to males. Conclusion The integration of CBCT with CTAn software offers a viable method for assessing bone resistance during mandibular third molar extractions. Lingual bone exhibits greater bone tissue content, denser trabeculae with smaller tissue volume compared to buccal bone. During mandibular third molar extraction, compressing the buccal alveolar bone helps create trabecular compression space more easily.Additionally, the buccal alveolar bone is more amenable to grinding than the lingual side, thereby achieving a reasonable buccal dislocation of root. For female patients with high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions of the mandibular third molars, a buccal approach is more advisable to be followed. The evaluation of bone microstructural parameters and accurate determination of bone resistance offer valuable insights for the minimally invasive removal of impacted teeth.

Roberta de Almeida Caetano, Emilly Luize Guedes da Silva, Luis Fernando Colin-Nolasco et al.

Divya Shanmugam, Monica Agrawal, Rajiv Movva et al.

The increased capabilities of generative AI have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and trainees. We then discuss the many challenges -- including maintaining privacy and security, improving transparency and interpretability, upholding equity, and rigorously evaluating models -- which must be overcome to realize this potential, and the open research directions they give rise to.

Mehdi Zafari, Divyanshu Pandey, Rahman Doost-Mohammady et al.

In cell-free massive MIMO systems with multiple distributed access points (APs) serving multiple users over the same time-frequency resources, downlink beamforming is done through spatial precoding. Precoding vectors can be optimally designed to use the minimum downlink transmit power while satisfying a quality-of-service requirement for each user. However, existing centralized solutions to beamforming optimization pose challenges such as high communication overhead and processing delay. On the other hand, distributed approaches either require data exchange over the network that scales with the number of antennas or solve the problem for cellular systems where every user is served by only one AP. In this paper, we formulate a multi-user beamforming optimization problem to minimize the total transmit power subject to per-user SINR requirements and propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve it. In our method, every AP solves an iterative optimization problem using its local channel state information. APs only need to share a real-valued vector of interference terms with the size of the number of users. Through simulation results, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm solves the optimization problem within tens of ADMM iterations and can effectively satisfy per-user SINR constraints.

Lingxia Qiao, Ali Khalilimeybodi, Nathaniel J Linden-Santangeli et al.

Understanding the mechanisms of interactions within cells, tissues, and organisms is crucial to driving developments across biology and medicine. Mathematical modeling is an essential tool for simulating biological systems and revealing biochemical regulatory mechanisms. Building on experiments, mechanistic models are widely used to describe small-scale intracellular networks and uncover biochemical mechanisms in healthy and diseased states. The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques and computational tools has recently enabled models that span multiple scales, often integrating signaling, gene regulatory, and metabolic networks. These multiscale models enable comprehensive investigations of cellular networks and thus reveal previously unknown disease mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. Here, we review systems biology models from classical mechanistic models to larger, multiscale models that integrate multiple layers of cellular networks. We introduce several examples of models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, exercise, and cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, we discuss methods that increase the certainty and accuracy of model predictions. Integrating multiscale models has become a powerful tool for understanding disease and inspiring drug discoveries by incorporating omics data within the cell and across tissues and organisms.

Charlotte Geier, Norbert Hoffmann

Localized vibrations, arising from nonlinearities or symmetry breaking, pose a challenge in engineering, as the resulting high-amplitude vibrations may result in component failure due to fatigue. During operation, the emergence of localization is difficult to predict, partly because of changing parameters over the life cycle of a system. This work proposes a novel, network-based approach to detect an imminent localized vibration. Synthetic measurement data is used to generate a functional network, which captures the dynamic interplay of the machine parts, complementary to their geometric coupling. Analysis of these functional networks reveals an impending localized vibration and its location. The method is demonstrated using a model system for a bladed disk, a ring composed of coupled nonlinear Duffing oscillators. Results indicate that the proposed method is robust against small parameter uncertainties, added measurement noise, and the length of the measurement data samples. The source code for this work is available.

Thiago de Albuquerque e Silva, Maria Ercília de Araújo

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a Teleodontologia (TO) foi uma estratégia para continuidade da atenção à saúde bucal propiciando orientações, educação em saúde e monitoramentos, além do diagnóstico de lesões orais. Entretanto, aferir se essas lesões foram diagnosticadas em teleconsultas nas bases de dados governamentais não é preciso. Nesse âmbito, o estudo analisou o papel da TO, por meio das variações quantitativas no diagnóstico de Alteração de Tecido Mole (ATeM) no Brasil e suas macrorregiões, com intuito de debater suas possibilidades e limites. Para dimensionar a queda no acesso, as primeiras consultas odontológicas (PCO) foram elencadas. As PCO e ATeM foram coletadas no Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB), entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2021. A análise foi realizada pelos testes de Friedman e Post-Hoc Durbin-Conover, com nível de significância de 5%. Para facilitar a interpretação, as informações foram tabuladas pelas diferenças percentuais estatisticamente significantes. Como resultado, em 2021, as medianas das PCO no Brasil permaneceram baixas em grande parte do território (-35,73 %, p<0,001), mas as ATeM voltaram aos níveis de 2019 (+2,47% em 2021, p=1,0). A mediana da ATeM da região Sul foi a única com redução não estatisticamente significante em 2020 (-19,67%, p=0,064) e com aumento significativo em 2021 (+15,08%, p=0,011). É provável que a ampliação do uso da TO no Brasil e a experiência prévia em Telessaúde na região Sul tenham contribuído para a manutenção de diagnóstico das ATeM durante a pandemia. A TO fornece diagnósticos favoráveis no manejo das ATeM, com baixos custos e boa aceitação entre pacientes e profissionais. No entanto, são necessários investimentos estruturais nas unidades de saúde, fornecimento de rede digital, na capacitação técnica e humanizada das equipes de saúde para as teleconsultas e a participação integrada das Instituições de Ensino Superior nos serviços de saúde.

Bai Xue

This manuscript presents an innovative framework for constructing barrier functions to bound reachability probabilities for continuous-time stochastic systems described by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The reachability probabilities considered in this paper encompass two aspects: the probability of reaching a set of specified states within a predefined finite time horizon, and the probability of reaching a set of specified states at a particular time instant. The barrier functions presented in this manuscript are developed either by relaxing a parabolic partial differential equation that characterizes the exact reachability probability or by applying the Grönwall's inequality. In comparison to the prevailing construction method, which relies on Doob's non-negative supermartingale inequality (or Ville's inequality), the proposed barrier functions provide stronger alternatives, complement existing methods, or fill gaps.

Michael Crosscombe, Jonathan Lawry

The design of distributed autonomous systems often omits consideration of the underlying network dynamics. Recent works in multi-agent systems and swarm robotics alike have highlighted the impact that the interactions between agents have on the collective behaviours exhibited by the system. In this paper, we seek to highlight the role that the underlying interaction network plays in determining the performance of the collective behaviour of a system, comparing its impact with that of the physical network. We contextualise this by defining a collective learning problem in which agents must reach a consensus about their environment in the presence of noisy information. We show that the physical connectivity of the agents plays a less important role than when an interaction network of limited connectivity is imposed on the system to constrain agent communication. Constraining agent interactions in this way drastically improves the performance of the system in a collective learning context. Additionally, we provide further evidence for the idea that `less is more' when it comes to propagating information in distributed autonomous systems for the purpose of collective learning.