Ratna Sari Dinaryanti, Besmina Yulefsi, Wasijati Wasijati
et al.
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a non-communicable disease that often causes low oxygen levels and shortness of breath. The semi-Fowler position and clapping are non-pharmacological techniques that help improve lung function and clear mucus. This study aims to determine their effect on increasing oxygen saturation in COPD patients.
Methods: This experimental study included 18 COPD patients in the Hospital Care Unit (HCU), selected through consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria were diagnosed COPD, conscious patients willing to participate, and oxygen saturation below 90%. Exclusion criteria included hemodynamic instability. The intervention involved placing patients in a semi-Fowler position (45° incline) to enhance lung expansion and performing clapping (gently tapping the chest with cupped hands) to aid mucus clearance. Oxygen saturation was measured before and after using a pulse oximeter. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to analyze non-normally distributed data.
Results: The mean oxygen saturation before intervention was 85.94%, increasing to 98.56% post-intervention, with a significant improvement of 12.62% (p=0.00, p < 0.05). Demographic data, including age, gender, and COPD severity, were collected.
Conclusion: The semi-Fowler position and clapping significantly improve oxygen saturation in COPD patients, highlighting their clinical usefulness. Future research should explore long-term effects, different COPD severities, and combinations with other respiratory therapies for better disease management.
Abstract Background This study sampled Chinese families of children with acute leukemia to assess their levels of anxiety and explore whether those levels were associated with social support levels and coping style. The study also aimed to identify demographic factors influencing anxiety, social support and coping style. Methods A purposive sample of 223 families whose children were being treated for acute leukemia at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University completed a questionnaire to provide basic demographic information as well as the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Categorical data were reported as n (%), while continuous data were reported as mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed or as median (interquartile range) if skewed. the Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank sum test, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, Pearson correlation analysis or Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results The score of anxiety in our sample was 36.80 ± 9.05 points and 33.6% of family members exhibited clinically significant symptoms of anxiety; anxiety level was significantly higher in family members whose affected children had no siblings (P < 0.05). The score of social support was 42.86 ± 7.80 points. Objective social support level was significantly higher for families living in urban areas than rural areas (P < 0.05), and it correlated positively with monthly household income (B = 2.176, P = 0.009). The score of coping style was 50.23 ± 10.04 points. Coping style score was significantly higher for family members in urban areas, with more education, or with higher monthly household income. It also correlated positively with overall social support score. Conclusions Our results suggest that many families of children with acute leukemia suffer clinically significant anxiety. Families from rural areas and those with lower income have relatively poor social support and coping abilities. Additionally, levels of education is related to their coping abilities, and they can benefit from education and psychological support.
Rizqiani Amalia Kusumasari, Hanindyo Adi, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
et al.
Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) diseases persist in various Asian nations, including Indonesia. The West Sumba District, located in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, has been implementing a deworming program targeting children under 7 years of age since 2017. This study aims to assess the prevalence, intensity, and distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and its association with nutritional status among children under 7 years of age in West Sumba District. Methods In this community-based cross-sectional study, children under 7 years of age registered at integrated health posts in eight primary health facilities in West Sumba District were randomly sampled (443 subjects) from October 2022 to January 2023. Kato-Katz methods were applied to detect STH infections. Malnutrition was determined using a Height-for-Age table with a Z-score (HAZ). Results The prevalence of STH in children under 7 years of age was 32.5% (144/443). Kota Waikabubak sub-district had the highest STH cases, with Trichuris trichiura (34.0%; 49/144)) and Ascaris lumbricoides (27.8%; 40/144) being the two common species. The following variables have been significant risk factors for STH infection: children aged > 2 years (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 3.64-9.55, p < 0.001), parents with basic (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.07–2.73, p < 0.001) and no educational level (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.30–7.03, p < 0.001), family with monthly income < 2.5 million rupiahs (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.70-18.78, p < 0.001), a preference for ground-based play (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.65–10.04, p < 0.001), the presence of a private toilet at home (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.22–5.19, p < 0.001), and have no septic tank for final disposal of stool (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.91–5.75, p < 0.001). Malnutrition, indicated by stunted and severely stunted children with a range of cases from 5% to 37%, was strongly linked with A. lumbricoides infection (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.70–7.02, p < 0.001) occurring in Kota Waikabubak and supported by spatial map analysis. Conclusions Current research indicates a notable link between STH infection, i.e. ascariasis, and stunting as a malnutrition status in children under 7 years of age in Kota Waikabubak, a densely populated capital city in the district’s centre. This finding addresses a key public health gap by providing evidence on the early burden of helminthiasis in low-resource tropical settings.
Maria Henström, Christine Delisle Nyström, Susanne Andermo
et al.
Abstract Background Early-life interventions are essential for improving public health since lifestyle behaviours are established already in childhood. Child healthcare (CHC) plays a crucial role in this context. The ‘Saga Stories in health talk’ (SSiHT) material includes a flipchart with colourful illustrations to facilitate CHC nurses’ routine health talks with parents and their children, and a hand-out material kit to support healthy lifestyle behaviours in the families. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SSiHT intervention at the 5-year routine visit at CHC on parental self-efficacy (primary outcome) and children’s health-related behaviours (secondary outcomes). Implementation aspects for using the SSiHT material in routine practice for health talks at the 5-year visit were simultaneously evaluated. Methods A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design was used to evaluate the intervention in six health regions across Sweden. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate effectiveness, where 40 CHC centres (98 nurses) were randomised into two arms: use the SSiHT material in routine care (intervention), or standard care (control). Parents (n = 698) of 5-year-olds were recruited. Outcome measures were assessed using digital questionnaires before the health talk (baseline), and two months later (follow-up). Linear mixed-effect models were used to contrast differences in outcomes between groups, in accordance with the study protocol. Acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, and adoption were evaluated using questionnaires and checklists to CHC nurses in the intervention group. Results No statistically significant intervention effects were found on parental self-efficacy to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours in their children (-0.61 score on a scale 0–160; p = 0.56), nor children’s intake of vegetables, fruits/berries, and sweet drinks or screen time (p > 0.05 for all). However, CHC nurses overall reported that the SSiHT material was feasible and appropriate to use in the health talks with families, and they used it in 83% of their health talks. Conclusion Although the SSiHT material was well accepted by the CHC nurses, there was no intervention effect on parental self-efficacy (primary outcome) nor health-related behaviours in children when evaluated in Swedish CHC. This warrants further research to better understand how to effectively empower parents through CHC health talks. Trial registration Registered 2 February 2022 at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05237362; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05237362 .
Objective: The frequent use of media tools among children in almost all aspects of daily life affects their sleep patterns negatively. This study was conducted to determine the effects of problematic media use on sleep habits in children.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consisted of 370 students enrolled in primary schools in the provincial center of Zonguldak in Turkey. The data were collected face-to-face or via Google forms online based on the preferences of the parents of the children. The data collection instruments included a personal information form, the problematic media use measure (PMUM), and the children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ).
Results: The mean CSHQ score of the children was 63.77±10.23, while their mean PMUM score was 17.80±7.80. The mean age at which the first media tools were purchased for the children was 6.18±2.37. The mean PMUM scores of the children varied significantly based on their genders (p=0.009) and the employment statuses of their mothers (p=0.021). A positive and significant relationship was found between the mean CSHQ and PMUM scores of the children (r=0.214; p<0.001).
Conclusion: This research shows that media tools should be used in a controlled manner in primary school children. This is necessary both for the child to acquire a healthy sleep habits and to prevent diseases that may occur due to this reason.
The population of Australian sheep blowflies, Lucilia cuprina, in Australia is of concern to many researchers because it causes several problems. These problems occur in the sheep industry where there is a term "flystrike" in the industry. Flystrike is a fly attack on sheep that causes myiasis on the sheep's skin, affecting the quality and quantity of wool. In the worst cases, the sheep may die if not treated. This issue has attracted researcher to conduct a population control study of fly growth to suppress flystrike in the Australian sheep industry. In this paper, fly growth will be approached using a difference equation to better represent the industry’s situation. This equation will be analyzed using its approximate solution that is obtained through linearization of perturbation method, Cardano’s formula, and Galois solution’s method. By studying fly growth, Australian sheep farmers may find it easier to handle and prevent fly infestations using the solution.
Background The number of patients undergoing joint replacement procedures is continuously increasing. Tele-equipment is progressively being employed for postrehabilitation of total hip and knee replacements. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the experiences and requirements of patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty who participate in telerehabilitation can contribute to the enhancement of telerehabilitation programs and the overall rehabilitation and care provided to this specific population. Objective To explore the needs and experiences of total hip and knee arthroplasty patients with telerehabilitation. Design Systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Methods Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and SinoMed were systematically searched for information on the needs and experiences of telerehabilitation for patients with total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty in qualitative studies. The search period was from the creation of the database to March 2024. Literature quality was assessed using the 2016 edition of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research. A pooled integration approach was used to integrate the findings inductively. Results A total of 11 studies were included and 4 themes were identified: the desire to communicate and the need to acquire knowledge; accessible, high-quality rehabilitation services; positive psychological experiences; the dilemmas of participating in telerehabilitation. Conclusions This study's findings emphasize that the practical needs and challenges of total hip and knee arthroplasty patients’ participation in telerehabilitation should be continuously focused on, and the advantages of telerehabilitation should be continuously strengthened to guarantee the continuity of patients’ postoperative rehabilitation and to promote their postoperative recovery.
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
Noor Islam Pappu, Ida Öberg, Ulrika Byrskog
et al.
<h4>Background</h4> Midwifery-led care is a key factor in reducing maternal and new-born mortality globally. In Bangladesh, only a third of births are attended by professionals and almost 70% of births occur outside healthcare facilities. Midwifery is a relatively new profession in Bangladesh and a midwifery centre care model has only recently been introduced. This study aims to explore the willingness within the healthcare system to support a greater role for midwifery centres in maternity services. <h4>Methods</h4> Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 55 midwives, midwifery educators and final year midwifery students. Two of the midwifery educators were principals of nursing institutes involved in the government’s midwifery leadership and considered as experts in the midwifery care system. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The transcribed interviews comprised 150 pages. The study received ethical approval from the Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery in Bangladesh. <h4>Results</h4> One main category emerged from the study: “The foundations of a midwifery centre care model need to be strengthened for the sustainable implementation of midwifery centres in Bangladesh to continue”. Five additional categories were identified: 1) The midwifery centre care model is inaccessible for communities, 2) Striving for acceptable standards of care within a midwifery centre care model is not a priority 3) Respectful, woman-centred care is weak, 4) Community engagement with the midwifery centre care model is insufficient, and 5) The midwifery centre care model is not integrated into the healthcare system. These categories were supported by the identification of 11 sub-categories. <h4>Conclusion</h4> The willingness to commit to a midwifery centre care model is not yet in place in Bangladesh. Advocacy, information, and education about the benefits of normal birth assisted by professional midwives is needed at all levels of Bangladeshi society.
Marco Esteban Morales Rojas, Martha Ofelia Valle Solís, Verónica Benítez Guerrero
et al.
Introducción. El sexting se define como el envío de contenido erótico o pornográfico a través de dispositivos digitales; es un término de uso cotidiano, cuya práctica puede traer efectos positivos, y por otro lado riesgos para la salud sexual y mental en quienes lo practican. En lo que respecta a la dependencia al móvil, esta práctica se ha incrementado en estudiantes universitarios, quienes tienen la necesidad de crear, compartir y descargar contenidos. Ambos fenómenos tienen factores en común que pueden significar una relación no explorada.
Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre las conductas sobre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil en estudiantes de enfermería.
Metodología. Estudio observacional, transversal y correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia que incluyó estudiantes del grado en enfermería en una universidad pública de México, se utilizó la correlación de Pearson y Spearman sobre los resultados de los totales y componentes de los instrumentos: conductas sobre sexting y Test de Dependencia al móvil.
Resultados. Con 300 participantes, se reporta que el 64.7% declara haber participado en el sexting a través de mensajes de texto, compartir imágenes, entre otras formas de participación; por otro lado, en cuanto a la dependencia al móvil el 96.3% se encontraba en una dependencia media y alta. Al comparar las sumatorias finales de cada instrumento se obtiene una correlación positiva con r.=0.166, p<0.050.
Conclusión. Una correlación positiva entre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil es un primer indicador para explorar a profundidad los factores en común que predisponen y que pueden derivar de ambos fenómenos en la población joven.
ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo and influencing factors of return⁃to⁃work readiness in patients with peritoneal dialysis （PD）.MethodsFrom July 2020 to February 2021，a total of 223 PD patients who were treated in the PD clinic of a tertiary grade⁃A hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were conveniently selected as the research objects.The General Information Scale，Readiness for Return⁃To⁃Work Scale（RRTWS），Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS），and Social Impact Scale（SIS）were used to survey the patients.ResultsA total of 33.2% of PD patients returned to work；51.7% of non⁃returned patients were in the intentional stage，18.1% in the action⁃readiness and self⁃assessment stage，16.8% in the pre⁃intentional stage，and 13.4% of the patients in the stage of action readiness and behavior；among the PD patients who have returned to work，59.5% in the active maintenance stage，and 40.5% in the uncertain maintenance stage.Age，education level，comorbidities，dialysis age，social support level，and the degree of stigma were the main indicators influencing return⁃to⁃work readiness of PD patients.ConclusionsThe return⁃to⁃work readiness of PD patients should be improved.Medical staff should actively pay attention to the return⁃to⁃work readiness of patients and the influencing factors and carry out targeted interventions to help patients return to work and return to society better and faster.
Evelien E. Quint, BSc, Donika Zogaj, BSc, Louise B.D. Banning, BSc
et al.
Background. Frailty is a multidimensional condition and is the result of the body’s age-associated decline in physical, cognitive, physiological, and immune reserves. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the quality of evidence of the included studies, determine the prevalence of frailty among kidney transplant candidates, and evaluate the relationship between frailty and associated patient characteristics and outcomes after kidney transplantation.
Methods. A systematic search was performed for relevant literature on frailty and kidney transplantation. This was followed by a meta-analysis for patient characteristics and outcomes reported by a minimum of 2 studies including mean age, gender, mean body mass index, type of kidney transplantation, dialysis, previous kidney transplantation, comorbidities, hypertension, race, preemptive kidney transplantation, delayed graft function, and length of stay.
Results. A total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review and 14 of those studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of frailty before transplantation was estimated at 17.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4-18.7). Frailty was significantly associated with higher age (mean difference, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4-5.9), lower rate of preemptive transplantation (relative risk, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9), longer duration of delayed graft function (relative risk, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0), and length of stay longer than 2 wk (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3).
Conclusions. One in 6 kidney transplant recipients is frail before transplantation. The presence of frailty is associated with lower rates of preemptive transplantation, older recipient age, higher rates of delayed graft function, and longer length of stay. Future research is required to explore the association of frailty with other adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation and the effects of intervention programs to improve the different frailty domains.
Kanya Anindya, Tiara Marthias, Sukumar Vellakkal
et al.
Background: Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in access to good quality health care is key for countries to achieve Universal Health Coverage. This study aims to assess socioeconomic inequalities in effective coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Using the most recent national health surveys from 39 LMICs (between 2014 and 2018), we calculated coverage indicators using effective coverage care cascade that consists of service contact, crude coverage, quality-adjusted coverage, and user-adherence-adjusted coverage. We quantified wealth-related and education-related inequality using the relative index of inequality, slope index of inequality, and concentration index. Findings: The quality-adjusted coverage of RMNCH services in 39 countries was substantially lower than service contact, in particular for postnatal care (64 percentage points [pp], p-value<0·0001), family planning (48·7 pp, p<0·0001), and antenatal care (43·6 pp, p<0·0001) outcomes. Upper-middle-income countries had higher effective coverage levels compared with low- and lower-middle-income countries in family planning, antenatal care, delivery care, and postnatal care. Socioeconomic inequalities tend to be wider when using effective coverage measurement compared with crude and service contact measurements. Our findings show that upper-middle-income countries had a lower magnitude of inequality compared with low- and lower-middle-income countries. Interpretation: Reliance on the average contact coverage tends to underestimate the levels of socioeconomic inequalities for RMNCH service use in LMICs. Hence, the effective coverage measurement using a care cascade approach should be applied. While RMNCH coverages vary considerably across countries, equitable improvement in quality of care is particularly needed for lower-middle-income and low-income countries. Funding: None.
Jozimara Rodrigues da Mata, Fernanda Pereira Durães, Meriele Santos Souza
et al.
Objetivo: Conhecer as experiências de familiares de adolescentes grávidas assistidas pelas ESF do município de Montes Claros/MG, acerca da gestação precoce. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, no qual foram entrevistados 10 familiares de adolescentes grávidas. Resultados: Percebe-se com a pesquisa que os familiares referem a sexualidade como ato sexual somente. Os entrevistados relacionam a gestação precoce à vários fatores. A aceitação da gravidez é referida como positiva, mesmo quando inesperada. Conclusão: As condutas adotadas transitam desde o aconselhamento até a oferta de apoio familiar, mas quase sempre designando a responsabilidade para as adolescentes. O sentimento predominante é o de conformismo, devido à precocidade da gestação.
Abstract It reviewed the using status quo and nursing behavior of vascular access in hepatic failure patients during the treatment of plasma exchange,so as to provide the reference for selecting vascular access of patients.
C. Oroviogoicoechea, A. Carvajal, M.A. Soteras
et al.
Fundamento. El instrumento Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) es una herramienta diseñada y ampliamente utilizada para evaluar problemas de la mucosa oral en pacientes con cáncer, sin embargo no está validada en español. El objetivo de este trabajo es traducir y validar al español la escala de la valoración de la cavidad oral (OAG) diseñada por Eilers.
Método. El proceso de traducción se realizó utilizando el método de traducción retrotraducción por bilingües. El estudio se llevó a cabo en pacientes con cáncer ambulatorios y hospitalizados del Departamento Onco-hematológico y con enfermeras que trabajaban con pacientes de cáncer. Se evaluaron las siguientes propiedades psicométricas dela OAG: consistencia interna, validez concurrente con la escala de la mucositis dela OMS, la armonía interjueces entre dos enfermeras diferentes. También se recogió la percepción de los pacientes y enfermeras sobre la utilización dela OAG.
Resultados. Se obtuvo una adecuada versión española dela OAG. Todos los participantes (n=40) completaron el estudio. La consistencia interna con el alpha de Cronbach fue de 0,71 y la armonía interjueces obtuvo un índice de Kappa moderado y bueno en la mayoría de los ítems (k=0,4-0,81) excepto en “lengua y encía” (k=0,33-0,37). La validez concurrente con la escala de la mucositis dela OMS fue aceptable (r=0,458). Todas las enfermeras (n=6) consideraron que la escala era fácil de entender y útil en la práctica clínica. Los pacientes dijeron que no les pareció incómoda la valoración de la boca con la escala.
Conclusiones. La versión española dela OAG es un instrumento válido y fiable en pacientes con cáncer. Es una escala fácil de usar en la práctica clínica y bien aceptada por los pacientes.
Background: Reporting of patient safety incidents are the basis for building a system of patient care safer, more awareness in implementing patient safety reporting culture will require knowledge, awareness to change attitudes and behaviors become habits. Efforts to improve the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors with training demonstrations.
Objective: The study is aimed to determine the risk of an incident, determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior as well as provide recommendations to improve patient safety reporting culture in IBS RSST Klaten.
Methods: action research, with purposive sampling, the population is nurses IBS RSST Klaten, validity triangulation, with content analysis. Results: Cycle I know the level of knowledge and ideology. Change of attitude: cognitive, all participants have no intention to make a report. Affective changes seen from the discussion/reflection, participants begin to understand these the type of incidents and how to create reports using the internal incident report form. Cycle II increased knowledge on the application and analysis, report formats charging 88.94 value. Change of attitude: cognitive, each participant had the courage to report the incident and presented 1, reporting the presence of behavioral change: of fi ve incident. Cycle III: The level of knowledge on the application, analysis and syntesis, charging value increased to 93.09 report format. Attitude: cognitive, aff ective, conative. According to the intensity at the level of respect and respondents reported (dare report all incidents). Changes in the number of reports the existence of 17 incidents. (22 reporting in 3 cycles). Data obtained KTD types of incidents: 7, KPC: 8, KNC: 4, and KTC: 3
Conclusion: Action research with three cycles of training demonstrations, an increase in knowledge, change attitudes and behavior of all participants. There is a plan to followup and reporting of patient safety culture recommendations and unknown risk grading matrixs.
Keywords: Cultural Reporting, Patient Safety, Demonstration Training
La obesidad, uno de los más graves problemas de salud de las sociedades desarrolladas, es el resultado de un balance energético positivo mantenido en el tiempo. La regulación del peso corporal y su mantenimiento parece estar regulado por un eje con tres componentes interdependientes: la ingesta dietética, el gasto energético y la adipogénesis, aunque es preciso profundizar en los procesos que intervienen tanto en la oxidación de nutrientes como en el balance energético. Los procesos metabólicos son múltiples y están interrelacionados, sin embargo conviene estudiarlos separadamente de manera que se pueda lograr un mejor conocimiento del sistema completo. En efecto, así se procede a numerosos diseños experimentales, ya sean en animales de laboratorio, cultivos celulares, o incluso en seres humanos cuando se examinan los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la regulación del peso corporal. Métodos tanto in vitro (modelos celulares y subcelulares) como in vivo han permitido aumentar los conocimientos sobre los mecanismos que controlan el peso corporal. Cabe destacar las nuevas estrategias que nos proporciona la era molecular, aunque también las técnicas que consideran el organismo humano como un todo podrán influir notoriamente en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos junto con el manejo terapéutico y la prevención de la obesidad.