Hasil untuk "North Germanic. Scandinavian"

Georg Schuppener

Marc Pierce

Annette Lassen

Sam Wolfe, Christine Meklenborg

This introductory chapters outlines the core background to the volume. It highlights points of major similarity between Germanic and Romance linguistics methodologically in continuing importance of neogrammarian dialect atlases, established links between synchronic and diachronic work, and the emergence in recent years of large-scale electronic corpora. Theoretical background informing the volume’s chapters is also discussed, including sociolinguistics, generative grammar, and the field’s increasing focus on microvariation. Each chapter’s contents is discussed and set in its broader context.

Arjen P. Versloot

Tam Blaxter, David Willis

AbstractThis article investigates the pragmatic function of new negative markers during incipient renewal of negation in ‘Jespersen’s cycle’. We outline a typology of these markers, suggesting a pathway by which they begin as specialized for use with discourse-old propositions and later expand to inferred propositions before finally becoming possible with discourse-new propositions. This framework is applied to an overlooked case of Jespersen’s cycle in North Germanic: replacement of early Norwegianei(gi) “not” byekki(originally “nothing”) from 1250 to 1550. We document a sharp rise in frequency ofekkiaround 1425, suggesting that, until then,ekkihad been restricted to negating discourse-old propositions. Once this constraint was lifted,ei(gi) andekkicompeted directly, resulting in rapid replacement ofei(gi) byekki. This typologically unusual direct replacement of a negator with no intervening doubling stage can be attributed to the new negator’s origin as a negative indefinite and the lack of negative concord in early Norwegian.

Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen

AbstractBy using Jakobson’s (1960: 127–130) criteria for determining the nursery-word status of a given lexeme, I argue in this article that, even if we should no longer regard PG *aiþīn-/-ōn-‘mother’ (Goth.aiþei), *aiþma-‘daughter’s husband’ and *faþōn-‘father’s sister’ as nursery words or hypocorisms (Hansen 2017: 207–220), we should certainly still do so for PG *ammōn-‘parent’s mother; wet nurse’, *attan-‘father’ (Goth.atta), *basōn-‘father’s sister’ and *mōnōn-/mōmōn-‘mother; mother’s sister’.

Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen

By suggesting an interconnected series of soundlaws for the outcome of Proto-Indo-european (PIE) falling e-vowel diphthongs in final syllables in Proto-Germanic (PG) and in the individual Germanic languages, viz. PIE *-ei̯(C)#> PG *-ai(C)#, PIE *-ēi̯(C)#> PG *-ei(C)#, PIE *-eu̯(C)#> PG *-au(C)#, and PIE *-ēu̯(C)#> PG *-eu(C)#, this article renders superfluous the old, prevalent assumption of competing o-grade allomorphs in some of the oblique cases of the PIE i- and u-stems. Consequently, the i-stem gen.sg. is reconstructed only as PIE *-ei̯s(not as †-oisin addition), the u-stem gen.sg. only as *-eu̯s(not as †-ou̯s), the u-stem loc.sg. only as *-ēu̯(not as †-ōu̯), the u-stem voc.sg. only as *-eu̯(not as †-ou̯), etc.

Cedric Boeckx, Kleanthes K. Grohmann

Hans-Peter Naumann

Kristín Aðalsteinsdóttir

Bernard Mees

Dennis Cronan

Pieter Breuker

Gillis Kristensson

Larissa Naiditsch

Werner Abraham

Christopher Kleinhenz

Thomas Klein