Hasil untuk "Military Science"

Nan Zhang, Nan Zhang, Nan Zhang et al.

BackgroundLight exposure and sleep are closely related to many chronic conditions. However, the associations between light exposure, sleep, and multimorbidity have been less well characterized, particularly in older adults with and without mental illness.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two representative areas in Northwest China. Core sleep parameters, sleep-related symptoms, and sunlight exposure were collected using self-reported questionnaires. We clustered overall multimorbidity into three categories: physical-only, mental-only, and mental-physical multimorbidity. Separate multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between sleep, sunlight exposure, and multimorbidity.ResultsOf the 1,018 participants, the mean age was 68.56 years, and 48.53% were female. Approximately half of the participants had two or more chronic conditions, including physical-only (21.22%), mental-only (1.57%), and mental-physical (28.49%) multimorbidity. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for sunlight exposure were significantly lower in older adults with mental-physical multimorbidity compared with those without. Higher odds for poor sleep quality, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness were observed in older adults with either category of multimorbidity. Sleep duration, non-extreme sleep timing, and sleep efficiency were associated with reduced odds for overall and mental-physical multimorbidity. Stratified analyses demonstrated stronger associations between sleep with multimorbidity in females and the younger-old group, whereas sunlight exposure was inversely associated with multimorbidity only in males.ConclusionMultimorbidity was prevalent in community-dwelling older adults. Adequate sunlight exposure and good sleep quality are associated with reduced odds of mental-physical multimorbidity.

Adib Bin Rashid, Tasfia Saba, Sohag Das Sourav et al.

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is commonly used to machine hard materials. However, making small and precise features with EDM requires careful control of process parameters. This study presents an improved method to drill micro-holes in 1 mm-thick stainless steel (SS 316L) using a 0.6 mm copper electrode. The key novelty of this work lies in the integration of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) for multi-response optimization, coupled with validation through experimental testing and microstructural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The influence of peak current (2–6 A), pulse-on time (10–40 μs), and pulse-off time (4–6 μs) was evaluated across response factors such as micro-hardness, edge deviation, overcut, material removal rate (MRR), taper angle, and tool wear rate (TWR). The optimal parameter combination is 2 A current, 16.577 μs pulse-on time, and 6 μs pulse-off time, yielded a high desirability score of 8.33, with corresponding results of 283.98 HV microhardness, 7.625 μm (entry) and 5.321 μm (exit) edge deviation, −43.691 μm (entry) and −166.271 μm (exit) overcut, 3.538 g/min MRR, taper angle of 1.877°, and 1.811 g/min TWR. Experimental validation showed strong concordance with the outcomes predicted by the RSM. SEM analysis revealed negligible recast layer and consistent taper geometry, affirming the reliability of the optimized conditions for high-precision micromachining.

Antonio Vitale, Antonio Vitale, Jessica Sbalchiero et al.

Castleman’s disease (CD) consists of a wide spectrum of rare disorders classified into unicentric CD and multicentric CD (MCD), based on the diffusion of disease distribution and the severity of clinical manifestations. While unicentric CD is characterized by a single lymph node involvement, MCD is defined by multiple lymph node station involvement with more prominent systemic symptoms. MCD is further subdivided into HHV-8 associated MCD, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes (POEMS)-associated MCD, and idiopathic MCD (iMCD), which is also subdivided into iMCD-TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, organomegaly) and iMCD-NOS (not otherwise specified). The rarity of the disease makes it still poorly understood, as current insight is largely based on case reports and relatively small patient cohorts. Therefore, knowledge about the clinical details of the disease, histological correlations, complications, prognostic factors, and optimal treatment management remains incomplete. The potential offered by the creation of online data sharing makes the development of a registry specifically dedicated to CD a necessary step to conduct solid research on this condition. Building on the experience and widespread international reach of the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance (AIDA) Network, the development of this registry can allow the recruitment of a sufficient number of patients to conduct robust research in all the fields of the disease. Moreover, the AIDA Network itself will enable multidisciplinary and integrated collaboration among the various figures necessary for the optimal diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic management of patients affected by CD in its different forms.

Yuichiro Kitajima

Bell's inequality is derived from three assumptions: measurement independence, outcome independence, and parameter independence. Among these, measurement independence, often taken for granted, holds that hidden variables are statistically uncorrelated with measurement settings. Under this assumption, the violation of Bell's inequality implies that either outcome independence or parameter independence fails to hold, meaning that local hidden variables do not exist. In this paper, we refer to this interpretive stance as the nonfactorizable position. In contrast, superdeterminism represents the view that measurement independence does not hold. Despite its foundational role, this assumption has received relatively little philosophical scrutiny. This paper offers a philosophical reassessment of measurement independence through three major frameworks in the philosophy of science: de Regt's contextual theory of scientific understanding, Kuhn's criteria for theory choice, and Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes. Using these lenses, we evaluate the two major responses to the violation of Bell's inequality, the nonfactorizable position and superdeterminism, and argue that the nonfactorizable position currently fares better across all three criteria. Beyond this binary, we introduce a spectrum of intermediate positions that allow for partial violations of measurement independence, modeled via mutual information. These positions modify the ``positive heuristic'' of superdeterminism, a crucial component in Lakatos's definition of research programmes, offering avenues for progressive research. This analysis reframes the debate surrounding Bell's inequality and illustrates how methodological tools can effectively guide theory evaluation in physics.

ZHANG Qianman, WANG Zhifeng, XU Jie

A preview control technique based on visual perception is proposed to address the body vibration problem generated by the semi-active suspension system when driving on typical discrete road surfaces. Firstly, by merging YOLOv5 target detection and stereo vision technologies, typical road surface properties and distance information are obtained in real time. Secondly, a semi-active suspension control system incorporating preview fuzzy feed-forward and Active Disturbance Rejection Control feedback is devised based on current vehicle condition information. Finally, Matlab/Simulink simulates tests with realistic discrete road conditions. The experimental findings demonstrate that the visual preview control technique may greatly increase the semi-active suspension system’s damping performance, which in turn improves the vehicle’s handling stability and ride comfort.

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Ramanakumar Sankar, Shawn Brueshaber, Lucy Fortson et al.

The Jovian atmosphere contains a wide diversity of vortices, which have a large range of sizes, colors and forms in different dynamical regimes. The formation processes for these vortices is poorly understood, and aside from a few known, long-lived ovals, such as the Great Red Spot, and Oval BA, vortex stability and their temporal evolution are currently largely unknown. In this study, we use JunoCam data and a citizen-science project on Zooniverse to derive a catalog of vortices, some with repeated observations, through May 2018 to Sep 2021, and analyze their associated properties, such as size, location and color. We find that different colored vortices (binned as white, red, brown and dark), follow vastly different distributions in terms of their sizes and where they are found on the planet. We employ a simplified stability criterion using these vortices as a proxy, to derive a minimum Rossby deformation length for the planet of $\sim1800$ km. We find that this value of $L_d$ is largely constant throughout the atmosphere, and does not have an appreciable meridional gradient.

Leigh N. Fletcher, Thibault Cavalié, Davide Grassi et al.

ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 $μ$m), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625\,GHz and 1067-1275\,GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet.

Kim Seongheon, Kim Suhwan

The drone industry is one of the most important areas of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the drone industry, delivery systems using drones are now facing commercialization as they have undergone many experiments and discussions. The purpose of this study is to find the best route in a delivery system using a drone. In this study, we have developed the existing Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) into a more realistic mathematical model considering the two differences between drones and vehicles; one is that power consumption varies with the weight of the loaded cargo and the other is that velocity is influenced by wind. This study also presents an Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm to effectively solve VRP, a well-known NP-hard problem. The methodology of this study is quite successful and is expected to enable more realistic and effective routing decisions.

Nebojša N. Gaćeša

All submitted manuscripts relevant to the journal’s profile are reviewed. All referees are eminent experts in relevant fields, with papers published in these fields in the last three years. Editorial Board applies the iThenticate (CrossRef and CrossCheck) service for verifying the originality of submitted papers and for preventing duplicate publishing and plagiarism. Journal applies a „double blind peer review process“ for papers. Authors and reviewers are anonymous to each other in the process of review. Reviews after the article has been published are allowed and encouraged for subsequent evaluation of papers and authors. A peer reviewer assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Andreas Döpp, Christoph Eberle, Sunny Howard et al.

Laser-plasma physics has developed rapidly over the past few decades as high-power lasers have become both increasingly powerful and more widely available. Early experimental and numerical research in this field was restricted to single-shot experiments with limited parameter exploration. However, recent technological improvements make it possible to gather an increasing amount of data, both in experiments and simulations. This has sparked interest in using advanced techniques from mathematics, statistics and computer science to deal with, and benefit from, big data. At the same time, sophisticated modeling techniques also provide new ways for researchers to effectively deal with situations in which still only sparse amounts of data are available. This paper aims to present an overview of relevant machine learning methods with focus on applicability to laser-plasma physics, including its important sub-fields of laser-plasma acceleration and inertial confinement fusion.

Chris Wise, Jo Plested

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated rapid progress and a high level of success in object detection. However, recent evidence has highlighted their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. These attacks are calculated image perturbations or adversarial patches that result in object misclassification or detection suppression. Traditional camouflage methods are impractical when applied to disguise aircraft and other large mobile assets from autonomous detection in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technologies and fifth generation missiles. In this paper we present a unique method that produces imperceptible patches capable of camouflaging large military assets from computer vision-enabled technologies. We developed these patches by maximising object detection loss whilst limiting the patch's colour perceptibility. This work also aims to further the understanding of adversarial examples and their effects on object detection algorithms.

Agrima Seth, Soham De, Arshia Arya et al.

Influencers play a crucial role in shaping public narratives through information creation and diffusion in the Global South. While public figures from various walks of life and their impact on public discourse have been studied, defence veterans as influencers of the political discourse have been largely overlooked. Veterans matter in the public spehere as a normatively important political lobby. They are also interesting because, unlike active-duty military officers, they are not restricted from taking public sides on politics, so their posts may provide a window into the views of those still in the service. In this work, we systematically analyze the engagement on Twitter of self-described defence-related accounts and politician accounts that post on defence-related issues. We find that self-described defence-related accounts disproportionately engage with the current ruling party in India. We find that politicians promote their closeness to the defence services and nationalist credentials through engagements with defence-related influencers. We briefly consider the institutional implications of these patterns and connections

Ugsun Hwang

This study aims to intuitively identify trends in public interest by performing visualization analysis on unification economic cooperation using social network user opinion big data. For the “Unification Economic Cooperation” big data, the related big data were extracted using the Textom analysis tool, and text mining was performed. The results were expressed as a visualization figure. The results showed that, first, social network users were interested in North Korea's regional agricultural planning and education by the US and the government. Additionally, North Korea's rural villages existed in connection with pastoral and missionary words. An interest in how North and South Korea cooperate in investment and development in rural areas was identified. Second, there was an issue of interest in housing exchange and cooperation in North Korean villages by the community of club members as words such as club members → housing, common → housing, village → community exchange → cooperation were connected. Third, users were interested in culture and art. It would be useful to find and implement economic cooperation, a link between culture and art connected with North Korea's economic cooperation. Fourth, words such as technology, research, development, and dissemination were drawn as issues of interest. From the perspective of an integrated process, it is of interest to the general public to identify ways to implement it so that it can be pursued with economic benefits for both South and North Korea. Fifth, social network users were interested in the content of dot-com sites. The importance of the promotion of unification economic cooperation through these dot-com sites was confirmed.

A. Giddens

Maurizio Colombo

Asterix and Obelix would have been astonished to know that their southern cousins, the Transalpini of Gallia ulterior, were glad and proud to serve Caesar under the eagle and the standards of a Roman legion. They would have been astonished as much at being informed that Roman citizens of the southern Gaul were already so grown in number as to enhance the army of Caesar with their own legion. Asterix and Obelix, unfortunately for our French friends, were not real, but these legions were. The large renown of V Alaudae has something overshadowed both Caesar’s other legion from Gallia Transalpina and the historical meaning of his choices in the sensitive field of legionary recruitment. This paper will deal with both issues in order to acknowledge once more Caesar’s political and military genius. It will also explain how six legions came to be called Gallica and why just two of them retained the original name.

Samir Passi, Steven J. Jackson

The trustworthiness of data science systems in applied and real-world settings emerges from the resolution of specific tensions through situated, pragmatic, and ongoing forms of work. Drawing on research in CSCW, critical data studies, and history and sociology of science, and six months of immersive ethnographic fieldwork with a corporate data science team, we describe four common tensions in applied data science work: (un)equivocal numbers, (counter)intuitive knowledge, (in)credible data, and (in)scrutable models. We show how organizational actors establish and re-negotiate trust under messy and uncertain analytic conditions through practices of skepticism, assessment, and credibility. Highlighting the collaborative and heterogeneous nature of real-world data science, we show how the management of trust in applied corporate data science settings depends not only on pre-processing and quantification, but also on negotiation and translation. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for data science research and practice, both within and beyond CSCW.

Z. Fang, Hongchu Yu, Feng Lu et al.

George Chartas, Henric Krawczynski, David Pooley et al.

Current X-ray observations and simulations show that gravitational lensing can be used to infer the structure near the event horizons of black holes, constrain the dynamics and evolution of black-hole accretion and outflows, test general relativity in the strong-gravity regime and place constraints on the evolution of dark matter in the lensing galaxies. These science goals currently cannot be achieved in a statistically large sample of z = 0.5 - 5 lensed quasars due to the limited capabilities of current X-ray telescopes and the relatively low number (~200) of known lensed quasars. The latter limitation will be resolved with the multi-band and wide-field photometric optical survey of LSST that is expected to lead to the discovery of > 4,000 additional gravitationally lensed systems. As we show in this white paper, these science goals can be reached with an X-ray telescope having a spatial resolution of <0.5arcsec to resolve the lensed images and a collecting area of >0.5 m^2 at 1 keV.

M. McCrea, L. Nelson, K. Guskiewicz