Hasil untuk "Medieval history"

Marco Genovese, Ivano Ruo-Berchera

Quantum illumination represents one of the most interesting examples of quantum technologies. On the one hand, it can find significant applications; on the other hand, it is one of the few quantum protocols robust against noise and losses. Here we present a short summary of the history of this quantum protocol.

Noah W. Tuchow, Jason T. Wright

We present HZ_evolution, a Python package to characterize the habitable histories of exoplanets. Given inputs of a planet's current effective flux and host star properties, HZ_evolution calculates its instellation history, the evolution of the star's Habitable Zone, and the duration the planet spends inside or outside the Habitable Zone.

Myong Chol Jung, Julien Monteil, Philip Schulz et al.

We present the history-aware transformer (HAT), a transformer-based model that uses shoppers' purchase history to personalise outfit predictions. The aim of this work is to recommend outfits that are internally coherent while matching an individual shopper's style and taste. To achieve this, we stack two transformer models, one that produces outfit representations and another one that processes the history of purchased outfits for a given shopper. We use these models to score an outfit's compatibility in the context of a shopper's preferences as inferred from their previous purchases. During training, the model learns to discriminate between purchased and random outfits using 3 losses: the focal loss for outfit compatibility typically used in the literature, a contrastive loss to bring closer learned outfit embeddings from a shopper's history, and an adaptive margin loss to facilitate learning from weak negatives. Together, these losses enable the model to make personalised recommendations based on a shopper's purchase history. Our experiments on the IQON3000 and Polyvore datasets show that HAT outperforms strong baselines on the outfit Compatibility Prediction (CP) and the Fill In The Blank (FITB) tasks. The model improves AUC for the CP hard task by 15.7% (IQON3000) and 19.4% (Polyvore) compared to previous SOTA results. It further improves accuracy on the FITB hard task by 6.5% and 9.7%, respectively. We provide ablation studies on the personalisation, constrastive loss, and adaptive margin loss that highlight the importance of these modelling choices.

Дана Радван

Kyivan Rus’ had extensive political, economic and cultural connections with other European states. Knowledge of foreign languages, the Latin language in particular, was in demand to maintain these connections. The article outlines the context in which the Latin literature in medieval Kyiv emerged and also the spheres where the Latin language was used. The history of one ruling family, Prince Iziaslav of Kyiv, Princess Gertruda of Kyiv, their son Prince Yaropolk and daughter-in-law Cunigunda, is preserved in texts and artefacts. Primary and secondary sources as well as the sphragistic data, related to international contacts of the family with Pope Gregory VII, the Papal legates, Duke Bolesław II the Bold of Poland and King of Germany Heinrich IV, provide facts of usage of Latin by the Kyivan royals. The article analyses usage of Latin in foreign relations of Kyiv and in literature of the second half of the 11th century. The Latin language was used in Kyivan Rus’ in the second half of the 11th century in literature (prayers, religious poetry and chants), votive inscriptions, in administration (seals) and ecclesiastic and foreign correspondence.

Íñigo Mugueta Moreno

El objetivo de este trabajo es precisar la identidad y las características de los bandos enfrentados en la guerra civil navarra de finales de la Edad Media (1450-1507). Para ello se realiza un análisis del léxico empleado en los textos de la época sobre los bandos y sus componentes. Utilizamos especialmente documentación procedente de alguno de los dos bandos, como memoriales de agravios, capitulaciones y concesiones de privilegios. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten comprender la evolución del conflicto, desde un enfrentamiento de obediencias dinásticas, en su inicio, a la consolidación de una verdadera guerra de bandos nobiliarios. Igualmente, los datos obtenidos permiten comprender a los agramonteses y beaumonteses como grupos complejos, liderados por nobles, pero compuestos por gentes de diferente condición social cuyo común denominador era el ejercicio de la violencia y su participación activa en la guerra.

Jacqueline Leclercq-Marx

The present article examines the porosity of the boundaries between certain human-animal hybrids on the basis of the relatively intense cultural pressures directed at them that were evident between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. These cultural pressures, however, are less common among other creatures of the same general type. Might or might not there be a cultural predisposition to reinforce the more human aspect of monsters, which are already so highly anthropomorphized?Having raised questions about the general concept of humanization with regard to half-human and half-animal creatures, we will examine it in some Western texts written in the historical period roughly between the ninth and fifteenth centuries to see if these hybrids have already benefited from humanization in one form or another in the past. The creatures in question are five different hybrids of mythology and fabulous natural history: sirens (uniquely in their aspect of fish women), centaurs, cynocephali or dog heads, and satyrs or half-man half-goat.Finally, we will ask whether there is a determining cultural factor that has favoured this kind of particularly transgressive slippage between human and animal boundaries, even if it has not always and in case every instance prevailed.

Carlos Prieto Espinosa, Alberto Reche Ontillera, Helena Casas Perpinyà et al.

Paola Guglielmotti

L’articolo intende affrontare quanto ruota attorno alla coppia oppositiva distinzione/incondizionata adesione per quanto concerne gli alberghi della città ligure, sia che derivino da un unico ceppo familiare, sia che risultino dall’aggregazione di diversi nuclei familiari, e proporre un primo censimento. L’arco cronologico preso in considerazione è il secolo XIV, poco esplorato per quanto riguarda la vicenda cittadina, mentre le fonti analizzate sono per lo più ancora prodotte e conservate dalle istituzioni religiose. Epigrafi sepolcrali, marcatori di famiglia sugli edifici, pianete e arredi per altari e infine una causa per l’uso di un banco destinato alle donne nella cattedrale contribuiscono a delineare un quadro molto mosso in cui c’è spazio sia per declinazioni personali delle scelte sia per identificazioni incondizionate.

Yu. V. Rodionova

In Russian historiography, the biography of Arnaldus de Villa Nova begins with the words “doctor and alchemist”, and then all the arguments go into myth-making, although Arnald’s writings are very well studied at the modern scientific level, but are inaccessible to reading due to the language barrier. An accurate understanding of the biography of Arnaldus de Villa Nova is important for researchers of the history of medicine, Medieval historians and historians of Church history, since the activity of this man influenced significant events of the late XIII — early XIV centuries, and he is known to the Russian-speaking environment only by the verses attributed to him.

Junwen Chen, Gaurav Mittal, Ye Yu et al.

Online action detection is the task of predicting the action as soon as it happens in a streaming video. A major challenge is that the model does not have access to the future and has to solely rely on the history, i.e., the frames observed so far, to make predictions. It is therefore important to accentuate parts of the history that are more informative to the prediction of the current frame. We present GateHUB, Gated History Unit with Background Suppression, that comprises a novel position-guided gated cross-attention mechanism to enhance or suppress parts of the history as per how informative they are for current frame prediction. GateHUB further proposes Future-augmented History (FaH) to make history features more informative by using subsequently observed frames when available. In a single unified framework, GateHUB integrates the transformer's ability of long-range temporal modeling and the recurrent model's capacity to selectively encode relevant information. GateHUB also introduces a background suppression objective to further mitigate false positive background frames that closely resemble the action frames. Extensive validation on three benchmark datasets, THUMOS, TVSeries, and HDD, demonstrates that GateHUB significantly outperforms all existing methods and is also more efficient than the existing best work. Furthermore, a flow-free version of GateHUB is able to achieve higher or close accuracy at 2.8x higher frame rate compared to all existing methods that require both RGB and optical flow information for prediction.

Aditi Krishak, Dhiraj Kumar Hazra

We reconstruct the history of reionization using Gaussian process regression. Using the UV luminosity data compilation from Hubble Frontiers Fields we reconstruct the redshift evolution of UV luminosity density and thereby the evolution of the source term in the ionization equation. This model-independent reconstruction rules out single power-law evolution of the luminosity density but supports the logarithmic double power-law parametrization. We obtain reionization history by integrating ionization equations with the reconstructed source term. Using optical depth constraint from Planck Cosmic Microwave Background observation, measurement of UV luminosity function integrated till truncation magnitude of -17 and -15, and derived ionization fraction from high redshift quasar, galaxies and gamma-ray burst observations, we constrain the history of reionization. In the conservative case we find the constraint on the optical depth as $τ=0.052\pm0.001\pm0.002$ at 68% and 95% confidence intervals. We find the redshift duration between 10% and 90% ionization to be $2.05_{-0.21-0.30}^{+0.11+0.37}$. Longer duration of reionization is supported if UV luminosity density data with truncation magnitude of -15 is used in the joint analysis. Our results point out that even in a conservative reconstruction, a combination of cosmological and astrophysical observations can provide stringent constraints on the epoch of reionization.

Pınar Savaş, Duygu Akkuş, Duygu Akkuş

Bizans çalışmaları, Bizans İmparatorluğu olarak bilinegelmiş Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun tarihi ve kültürü ile ilgilenir. Bu devletin merkezi, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun doğu kesimlerinin başkenti olmak üzere, 324 yılında İmparator Konstantinos (Konstantinos’un esas niyeti meselesi tartışmalı olarak kalsa da) tarafından kurulduğu kabul edilen Konstantinopolis (modern İstanbul) şehriydi. Sınırları yüzyıllar boyunca değişse de 1453 yılında Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilene kadar, Avrupa dünyasında, Doğu Akdeniz’de ve komşu bölgelerde müstakil ve ekseriyetle büyük bir siyasi varlık olarak kalmış, etkileri ise günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. İmparatorları ve vatandaşları kendilerini Romalı (romaioi) olarak düşünürken, Konstantinopolis sakinleri kendilerinden sürekli olarak Konstantinopolisliler, şehirlerinden de Kraliçe Şehir olarak bahsetmişlerdir.

Juan Carlos Iglesias-Zoido

Noticia y comentario de libros recibidos

Amedeo Gilardoni

In the XV century the Duchy of Milan was engaged in long and bloody conflicts, especially against Venice, which threatened Milan itself. Besides the armies of the condottieri, there was another important component for the military of the Duchy: the river and lake fleet, which counted dozens of ships, from light to heavy ones, like galleons. the Milanese fleet had very important roles during the wars: surveillance of the territory, defense against raids from enemy ships, pillage of enemy towns and harbours, support to land armies. the fleet often fought against Venetian one in bloody battles, whose results could change the balance of entire conflicts. Burocratic machinery for the reparations of ships and docks and chains of commands were created around the fleet, which held an essential role during the constant and ferocious wars of the XV century. Keywords: Ducato di Milano, galeoni, flotta, fiumi, battaglie; Duchy of Milan, galleons, fleet, rivers, battles

Máximo Diago Hernando

El autor estudia la situación de los monasterios de la región castellana de Rioja en la segunda mitad del siglo XV y la primera del siglo XVI. Presta particular atención a aquellos aspectos de la misma que evidencian una grave inestabilidad. En primer lugar da cuenta de la proliferación de disputas por el cargo de abad. Llama la atención sobre la presencia de acciones violentas en dichas disputas. Dedica especial atención a las ocurridas en las primeras décadas del siglo XVI, durante las que se planteó en toda su crudeza el enfrentamiento entre reformadores y conservadores en las comunidades monásticas. Da cuenta de los efectos desestabilizadores que sobre los monasterios tuvieron las injerencias de los miembros de la alta nobleza en esta época. Y valora la intensificación de los conflictos de los monasterios con sus vasallos durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVI. Concluye destacando los contrastes perceptibles en la evolución a largo plazo de los monasterios riojanos, por un lado, y los de otros ámbitos europeos que afrontaron en esta época su disolución, como consecuencia del triunfo de la Reforma protestante, por otro.

A. Savino, T. J. L. de Boer, M. Salaris et al.

We present a new method that incorporates the horizontal branch morphology into synthetic colour-magnitude diagram based star formation history determinations. This method, we call MORGOTH, self-consistently takes into account all the stellar evolution phases up to the early asymptothic giant branch, flexibly modelling red giant branch mass loss. We test MORGOTH on a range of synthetic populations, and find that the inclusion of the horizontal branch significantly increases the precision of the resulting star formation histories. When the main sequence turn-off is detected, MORGOTH can fit the star formation history and the red giant branch mass loss at the same time, efficiently breaking this degeneracy. As part of testing MORGOTH, we also model the observed colour-magnitude diagram of the well studied Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We recover a new more detailed star formation history for this galaxy. Both the new star formation history and the red giant branch mass loss we determined for Sculptor with MORGOTH are in good agreement with previous analyses, thus demonstrating the power of this new approach.

S. Ganga Prasath, Vishal Vasan, Rama Govindarajan

The Maxey-Riley equation has been extensively used by the fluid dynamics community to study the dynamics of small inertial particles in fluid flow. However, most often, the Basset history force in this equation is neglected. Including the Basset force in numerical solutions of particulate flows involves storage requirements which rapidly increase in time. Thus the significance of the Basset history force in the dynamics has not been understood. In this paper, we show that the Maxey-Riley equation in its entirety can be exactly mapped as a forced, time-dependent Robin boundary condition of the one-dimensional heat equation, and solved using the Unified Transform Method. We obtain the exact solution for a general homogeneous time-dependent flow field, and apply it to a range of physically relevant situations. In a particle coming to a halt in a quiescent environment, the Basset history force speeds up the decay as stretched-exponential at short time while slowing it down to a power-law relaxation, $\sim t^{-3/2}$, at long time. A particle settling under gravity is shown to relax even more slowly to its terminal velocity ($\sim t^{-1/2}$), whereas this relaxation would be expected to take place exponentially fast if the history term were to be neglected. For a general flow, our approach makes possible a numerical scheme for arbitrary but smooth flows without increasing memory demands and with spectral accuracy. We use our numerical scheme to solve an example spatially varying flow of inertial particles in the vicinity of a point vortex. We show that the critical radius for caustics formation shrinks slightly due to history effects. Our scheme opens up a method for future studies to include the Basset history term in their calculations to spectral accuracy, without astronomical storage costs. Moreover our results indicate that the Basset history can affect dynamics significantly.

Dhiraj Kumar Hazra, George F. Smoot

We constrain the history of reionization using the data from Planck 2015 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropy observations. We also use prior constraints on the reionization history at redshifts $\sim7-8$ obtained from Lyman-$α$ emission observations. Using the free electron fractions at different redshifts as free parameters, we construct the complete reionization history using polynomials. Our construction provides an extremely flexible framework to search for the history of reionization as a function of redshifts. We present a conservative and an optimistic constraint on reionization that are categorized by the flexibilities of the models and datasets used to constrain them, and we report that CMB data marginally favors extended reionization histories. In both the cases, we find the mean values of optical depth to be larger ($\approx0.09$ and $0.1$) than what we find in standard steplike reionization histories ($0.079\pm0.017$). At the same time we also find that the maximum free electron fraction allowed by the data for redshifts more than 15 is $\sim0.25$ at 95.4\% confidence limit in the case of optimistic constraint.

Martin Skoog

In the winter of 1464, the Swedish bishop Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) instigated an uprising against King Christian I of Oldenburg who at the time ruled all of Scandinavia. In order to crush the uprising the king quickly responded with a war campaign against the insurgents. In April his army was ambushed in Hälla forest in Västmanland by forces commanded by the bishop. In the battle that followed the king was defeated and fled back to Stockholm. The study of medieval warfare in Sweden has hitherto yielded little interest among scholars. The aim of this article is thus to add to this sub-ject by investigating these events from a military point of view. The article address the question of the actual geographical location of the battle, what elements the two clash-ing armies composed of, further, what really happened during the course of the battle and finally how the battle ended and what the military consequences were.

Sigmund Méndez

La idea dantesca de la poesía como creación alegórica