Giuseppe Lotti, Elisa Matteucci, Marco Marseglia
et al.
The Made in Italy Circular and Sustainable (MICS) project presents a systemic vision of sustainability, rooted in Italian tradition yet projected toward the future. Moving beyond standardized models, Italy interprets sustainability through the fusion of aesthetics, ethics, and local craftsmanship. The exhibition “Made in Italy towards Sustainability. From Tradition to Futures.” establishes a dialogue between 16 iconic historical products and 16 contemporary prototypes, highlighting how technological innovation - ranging from artificial intelligence to smart materials, additive manufacturing, and augmented reality - intertwines with cultural values, social responsibility, and circular production. The eight thematic areas explore digital design, eco-design, green materials, inclusive factories, and new business models. The immersive and sustainable exhibition design, using video mapping and visual atlases, reinterprets Italy’s figurative heritage as a critical and generative language. Design thus emerges as both a cultural practice and a strategic approach, capable of transforming memory into the future, craftsmanship into innovation, and beauty into responsibility.
In this context, sustainability is not a trend but a structural imperative of Italian design thinking, offering concrete alternatives to dominant global models. Made in Italy is therefore envisioned as an open laboratory where tradition and technology coexist in a sustainable, inclusive vision aimed at enhancing quality of life.
This work provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts in continuum mechanics, focusing on the behaviour of materials under mechanical loads. It discusses the distinction between elastic and plastic, highlighting their atomic origins and macroscopic implications. Elastic behaviour is examined via Hooke's law and constitutive matrices, while plasticity is treated through yield surfaces, flow rules, and hardening laws, including isotropic and kinematic hardening. In addition, the theoretical foundations and design principles of pressure vessels and thin axisymmetric shells, focusing on their mechanical behaviour under internal or external pressure, is discussed. The analysis is based on shell theory, assuming thin walls and axisymmetric geometry, which simplifies the stress distribution into membrane stresses. The work also addresses buckling phenomena under external pressure, secondary stresses at geometric discontinuities, and design provisions from the EN 13445 standard.
This is an experimental and statistical approach to assess the impact of AM and FM screen ruling in screen printing under the condition such as printing of a test target on both coated and uncoated paper with three different types of screen mesh count. The change in print quality according to the screen mesh count are focused here, because the screen mesh count is one of the key elements in screen printing that influences the ink flow through the mesh as well as the excellence of stencil image or halftone dots over the mesh. Under three different screen mesh count, the impact of AM and FM halftone in the print quality on both coated and uncoated paper grades are evaluated in the analysis part. The print quality assessment parameters taken as solid ink density, dot gain, hue error and print contrast at 30%, 50%, & 70% tonal areas of the print. Twelve different combinations of input variables such as coated and uncoated substrate, AM and FM halftone dots, 100 lpi, 120 lpi and 140 lpi screen mesh counts etc. are employed at different print trials. The print quality assessment and ranking of each experiment are done by Taguchi’s Grey Relational Analysis, which is a best method to implement in the decision-making process of quality control.
This study reviewed the legibility of Thai typefaces, type sizes, and colour contrast in mobile applications provided by Thai government offices. Although the Electronic Government Agency (Public Organization) (EGA) has introduced the Government Website Standards and Government Mobile Application Standards, these standards need to cover the design of Thai typographical concerns such as legibility and visibility in great detail. This study aimed to identify typographical issues that may arise in these mobile applications and gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The findings of this study could lead to future investigations that provide a better understanding of the topic and contribute to the development of appropriate standards and legislation. We conducted an in-depth analysis of Thai Government mobile applications on Android focusing on public service areas. Using a smartphone to take screenshots and a vector graphics design program to measure physical type sizes based on the Bo Baimai height measurement, we measured the use of typefaces, type sizes, and colour contrast to ensure accessibility to all users. Additionally, we used a colour contrast analyser application to measure colour contrast and ensure accessibility to all users. Our study provides insights to improve user experiences with these applications and highlights that Thai web and mobile standards lack suitable fonts and sizes. We identified two main categories of Thai typefaces: conventional text fonts and Roman-like Thai fonts. Most Thai mobile applications used letter sizes bigger than 1.2 mm in Bo Baimai height, but some used smaller sizes, which could be worse for reading. The smallest type sizes for body text ranged from 1 to 1.7 mm. Regarding contrast ratios, we found that regular text in selected mobile applications did not meet the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 enhanced contrast requirement of a 7:1 ratio. However, some contrast ratios for large text met the 4.5:1 requirement. Some regular text with a 4.5:1 contrast ratio requirement passed the WCAG 2.1 minimum contrast test, whereas some large text with a 3:1 contrast ratio requirement also met the criteria. Our study suggests the need for developing better standards and regulations for Thai fonts, sizes, and colour contrasts in mobile applications to ensure accessibility for all users.
This essay explores how historical landscape design principles, particularly from Romantic gardens, intersect with the design of open-world video games. Through a close reading of The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, it compares design strategies in virtual and physical environments, drawing from Kevin Lynch’s environmental psychology and the CEDEC 2017 design keynote. It reflects on how level design can benefit from urban planning frameworks and proposes exercises to support this hybrid approach in teaching. The analysis highlights how syncretic elements, landmarks, terrain composition, and player agency contribute to spatial orientation, emotional engagement, and narrative potential.
Many organisational problems are addressed through systemic change and re-engineering of existing Information Systems rather than radical new design. In the face of widespread IT project failure, devising effective ways to tackle this type of change remains an open challenge. This work discusses the motivation, theoretical foundation, characteristics and evaluation of a novel framework - referred to as POE-$Δ$, which is rooted in design and engineering and is aimed at providing systematic support for representing, structuring and exploring change problems of a socio-technical nature, including implementing their solutions when they exist. We generalise an existing framework of greenfield design as problem solving for application to change problems. From a theoretical perspective,POE-$Δ$ is a strict extension to its parent framework, allowing the seamless integration of greenfield and brownfield design to tackle change problems. A Design Science Research methodology was applied over a decade to define and evaluate POE-$Δ$, with significant case study research conducted to evaluate the framework in its application to real-world change problems of varying criticality and complexity. The results show that POE-$Δ$ exhibits desirable characteristics of a design approach to organisational change and can bring tangible benefits when applied in practice as a holistic and systematic approach to change in socio-technical contexts.
Kenza Bouchaâla, Khaoula Qaissi, Mustapha Faqir
et al.
Deep drawing is a manufacturing process used to produce billions of metal containers, crucial for the aerospace industry in forming thin-walled components efficiently. However, wrinkling due to compressive instability remains a significant challenge in sheet metal forming. This study investigates plastic wrinkling in sheet metal forming to enhance the final drawn shape. A 3D finite element model using ABAQUS/Explicit was developed to examine the effects of mesh topology, blank holder force, and sheet thickness on wrinkling in AA2090 Al–Li alloy. The finding indicates that that an increase in blank holder force increases wrinkle number and amplitude. Additionally, it was found that a 2000 N blank holder force is necessary to prevent wrinkling.
Contemporary clothing manufacturing, purchasing and consumption models have made the fashion industry the second most polluting industrial sector. This contribution aims at analysing promising technologies, methodologies and practices that are tackling environmental sustainability issues related to the fast-fashion industry. The contribution analyses how, leveraging on technology innovation, the combination of tangible processes, such as the selection of production means and materials, and intangible practices, such as digital fashion, designers can contribute to the sustainable transition of the fast-fashion sector mediating between customer expectations, production economy constrains and environmental sustainability.
John Adjah, Stephen Bekoe, Agnes Decardi-Nelson
et al.
This paper presents a study on color preferences among a sample of Ghanaian adults. Two surveys were conducted, with a total of 143 participants (50 in Survey 1, and 93 in Survey 2). The participants completed both printed and digital questionnaires to gather data on their color preferences. The results showed that blue was the most preferred color by both males and females in general, but not for specific items. In survey 2, a
chi-square test on categorical variables revealed a significant relationship between gender and preference for light, dark, or bright colors (p=0.025), as well as gender and number of preferred colors per personal item (p=0.02). However, no significant relationships were found between gender and change of colors from childhood (p=0.73), gender and number of preferred colors (p=0.204), gender and most preferred colors (p=0.216), age, and the number of preferred colors (p=0.19). Interestingly, 66.3% of the participants in Survey 2 indicated that their preferred colors were based on innate attraction, regardless of whether their color preferences had changed or remained the same since childhood. Overall, blue and red were the most preferred colors, with a score of 34.4%. These findings provide valuable insights for design practitioners and communicators and offer a basis for future research on color preferences among Ghanaians.
In the last two decades, several researchers provided snapshots of the "current" state and evolution of empirical research in requirements engineering (RE) through literature reviews. However, these literature reviews were not sustainable, as none built on or updated previous works due to the unavailability of the extracted and analyzed data. KG-EmpiRE is a Knowledge Graph (KG) of empirical research in RE based on scientific data extracted from currently 680 papers published in the IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (1994-2022). KG-EmpiRE is maintained in the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), making all data openly and long-term available according to the FAIR data principles. Our long-term goal is to constantly maintain KG-EmpiRE with the research community to synthesize a comprehensive, up-to-date, and long-term available overview of the state and evolution of empirical research in RE. Besides KG-EmpiRE, we provide its analysis with all supplementary materials in a repository. This repository contains all files with instructions for replicating and (re-)using the analysis locally or via executable environments and for repeating the research approach. Since its first release based on 199 papers (2014-2022), KG-EmpiRE and its analysis have been updated twice, currently covering over 650 papers. KG-EmpiRE and its analysis demonstrate how innovative infrastructures, such as the ORKG, can be leveraged to make data from literature reviews FAIR, openly available, and maintainable for the research community in the long term. In this way, we can enable replicable, (re-)usable, and thus sustainable literature reviews to ensure the quality, reliability, and timeliness of their research results.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is now a cornerstone of requirements automation. One compelling factor behind the growing adoption of NLP in Requirements Engineering (RE) is the prevalent use of natural language (NL) for specifying requirements in industry. NLP techniques are commonly used for automatically classifying requirements, extracting important information, e.g., domain models and glossary terms, and performing quality assurance tasks, such as ambiguity handling and completeness checking. With so many different NLP solution strategies available and the possibility of applying machine learning alongside, it can be challenging to choose the right strategy for a specific RE task and to evaluate the resulting solution in an empirically rigorous manner. In this chapter, we present guidelines for the selection of NLP techniques as well as for their evaluation in the context of RE. In particular, we discuss how to choose among different strategies such as traditional NLP, feature-based machine learning, and language-model-based methods. Our ultimate hope for this chapter is to serve as a stepping stone, assisting newcomers to NLP4RE in quickly initiating themselves into the NLP technologies most pertinent to the RE field.
Manabendra Sharma, Shankar Dayal Pathak, Shiyuan Li
We investigate the background dynamics of a class of models with noncanonical scalar field and matter both in Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker (FLRW) closed and open spacetime. The detailed dynamical system analysis is carried out in a bouncing scenario. Cosmological solutions satisfying the stability and bouncing conditions are obtained using the tools of the dynamical system.
Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, Physical and theoretical chemistry
ایمان خاکباز, طیبه باقری لطف آباد, امیر حیدری نسب
et al.
حذف رنگزای آزوی کارموزین از محیط پساب سنتزی رنگی که حاوی نشاسته بوده و دارای ترکیبی مشابه با خروجی از مرحله آهارگیری بود، توسط باکتری کلبسیلا کوازیپنومونیهGT7 بررسی شد. سنجش غلظت رنگ توسط طیفسنجی و اندازهگیری غلظت نشاسته با استفاده از روش آنترون، نشان داد که انجام فرایند به صورت بیهوازی در دمای 30 درجه سانتیگراد و 7pH ، وقتی که غلظت اولیه کارموزین 50 میلیگرم بر لیتر میباشد، طی 48ساعت منجر به کاهش حدود 96 درصد از غلظت اولیه رنگزا شده است. این، توام با کاهش 30 تا 35 درصد از غلظت اولیه نشاسته (1870 میلیگرم بر لیتر) بوده است. کروماتوگرافی لایه نازک(TLC) نشان داد که باکتریها، رنگ کارموزین حذف شده طی فرایند بیهوازی را به آمینهای آروماتیکی سازنده آن تجزیه نمودهاند. ادامه فرایندبه صورت هوازی، با و بدون انجام تلقیح مجدد باکتریها در آغاز مرحله هوازی، نشان داد که تا 23روز، شکست ملکولهای آمین آروماتیکی صورت نگرفته و کاهش قابل توجهی در مقدار رنگ یا نشاسته باقیمانده از مرحله بیهوازی، ایجاد نشده است.
The launch of ChatGPT at the end of 2022 generated large interest into possible applications of artificial intelligence in STEM education and among STEM professions. As a result many questions surrounding the capabilities of generative AI tools inside and outside of the classroom have been raised and are starting to be explored. This study examines the capabilities of ChatGPT within the discipline of mechanical engineering. It aims to examine use cases and pitfalls of such a technology in the classroom and professional settings. ChatGPT was presented with a set of questions from junior and senior level mechanical engineering exams provided at a large private university, as well as a set of practice questions for the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE) in Mechanical Engineering. The responses of two ChatGPT models, one free to use and one paid subscription, were analyzed. The paper found that the subscription model (GPT-4) greatly outperformed the free version (GPT-3.5), achieving 76% correct vs 51% correct, but the limitation of text only input on both models makes neither likely to pass the FE exam. The results confirm findings in the literature with regards to types of errors and pitfalls made by ChatGPT. It was found that due to its inconsistency and a tendency to confidently produce incorrect answers the tool is best suited for users with expert knowledge.
One of the most common ways to represent and share visual designs is with vector graphics. Designers working with vector graphics often explore layout alternatives and generate them by moving and resizing elements. The motivation for this can range from establishing a different visual flow, adapting a design to a different aspect ratio, standardizing spacing, or redirecting the design's visual emphasis. Existing designs can serve as a source of inspiration for layout modification across these goals. However, generating these layout alternatives still requires significant manual effort in rearranging large groups of elements. We present VLT, short for Vector Layout Transfer, a novel graphic design tool that enables flexible transfer of layouts between designs. It provides designers with multiple levels of semantic layout editing controls, powered by automatic graphics correspondence and layout optimization algorithms.
Mehmet Okan Kabakçı, İbrahim Karaağaç, Mehmet Yasin Demirel
In this study, the mechanical formability of Al6061-T6 sheet material using a pre-bulging process was experimentally investigated. Therefore, an innovative die entrance design was applied to conventional deep drawing dies. In addition to the formability of the Al6061-T6 material, the effects of the innovative design on the energy consumption and thickness distribution were also investigated. For the experimental studies, deep drawing dies capable of mechanically pre-bulging at 0°, 15°, and 30° angles were designed and experimental studies were carried out at a 10 mm/sec forming speed with constant blank holder force. It was observed that the Al6061-T6 material, which was drawn at the highest ratio of ß = 2.0 in a single operation with the conventional deep drawing method, can be deep drawn at a drawing ratio of ß = 2.2 in a single operation with this new method, and the forming force was reduced by 24.45%. It was found that the deep-drawn Al6061-T6 sample, which was drawn at the highest ß = 2.2 drawing ratio, exhibited a maximum sheet thinning of 15%, and it could be formed with a single die in a single operation without forming defects such as cracking and wrinkling.
This article discusses the technological possibilities of assessing the quality of offset thermosensitive printing plates by studying the influence of the structural and physical properties of their construction layers, as well as the parameters of digital computer-to-plate recording on the quality of formation and reproduction of image elements. The article presents an original conceptual model for determining the integral quality indicators of printing plates, taking into account their structural and physical properties, a set of modern methods for evaluating the quality of offset printing forms is presented, such as evaluating the surface morphology of polymer registering layers and a substrate – a basis of the printing form; assessment of the adhesion of polymer layers of offset printing plates to the substrate surface, taking into account the influence of image recording parameters; investigation of the influence of the chemical state of the registering layers of offset plates on the adhesion of printing elements to inks; assessment of the influence of the processes of thermal action of laser radiation and the temperature gradient on the surface structure of the polymer layer of a thermosensitive plate and the accuracy of the formation of the quality of discrete image elements on printing plates. These researches are aimed at determining the relationship between the structural and physicochemical properties of offset thermosensitive plates and integral indicators of the reproduction quality of raster and line image elements in a digital recording system.