Hasil untuk "Literature (General)"

P. Murphy, M. Pritchard, Brock Smith

B. Schlegelmilch, Greg M. Bohlen, A. Diamantopoulos

A. Atkinson, J. Stiglitz

Pramodita Sharma, James J. Chrisman, J. Chua

A. Wald

J. Casas, Alejandro Ibarra, Alejandro Ibarra

If neutrino masses and mixings are suitable to explain the atmospheric and solar neutrino fluxes, this amounts to contributions to FCNC processes, in particular mu --> e, gamma. If the theory is supersymmetric and the origin of the masses is a see-saw mechanism, we show that the prediction for BR(mu --> e, gamma) is in general larger than the experimental upper bound, especially if the largest Yukawa coupling is O(1) and the solar data are explained by a large angle MSW effect, which recent analyses suggest as the preferred scenario. Our analysis is bottom-up and completely general, i.e. it is based just on observable low-energy data. The work generalizes previous results of the literature, identifying the dominant contributions. Application of the results to scenarios with approximate top-neutrino unification, like SO(10) models, rules out most of them unless the leptonic Yukawa matrices satisfy very precise requirements. Other possible ways-out, like gauge mediated SUSY breaking, are also discussed.

C. Rodgers

J. Gee

C. Viswesvaran, D. Ones

Graham R. Jones, S. Hanton, Declan Connaughton

Gregory Schraw, S. Lehman

Alfredo Moreno-Egea, Carlos Moreno-Latorre, Alfredo Moreno-Latorre

Background: The history of radical hernia repair involves a period of intense surgical activity, influenced by factors of the time such as social development, hygiene, anesthesia, and antisepsis. Subcutaneous surgery, the initial option designed to avoid infections and peritonitis, was modified after the introduction of antisepsis, eventually leading to dissection surgery. Objective: We aim to analyze the publications from the period of radical hernia cures using current methodology, verifying when and how the transition occurred from subcutaneous surgery to dissection surgery. Methods: A literature review of the databases PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, “Google” and university libraries is conducted. The following keywords were used: “anatomy and surgery”. A critical analysis of the known literature about this historical topic is carried out. Results: Under-vision dissection surgery, through incision of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, began in England by Durham in 1866, almost 20 years before it was performed in France by Lucas-Championnière in 1885. Recurrences decreased after the introduction of the principle of closing the walls of the inguinal canal (Wood, 1860). The surgeon–anatomist Wood should be considered the first specialist in abdominal wall surgery, due to his extensive contributions from the pre-antiseptic era. The evolution of the radical cure of hernias was made possible by combining the knowledge of several countries: England, Germany, and Italy. Conclusions: Dissection surgery was initiated in England, Germany, and Italy, not in France. The influence of the French literature on the history of hernias is evident, to the detriment of the contributions of surgeons from other countries.

John A. Ledingham

Jie Liu, Hong Zheng, Lu Lu et al.

Background: Doctor-patient conflict is trending in social attention research. However, the existing literature rarely explores whether a patient's hostile attribution bias (HAB) in the doctor-patient interaction affects the aggression level against doctors. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship and mechanism between different types of HAB and aggression in patients. Method: In Study 1, 80 patients completed the word sentence association paradigm for hostility (WSAP-Hostility), and their explicit and implicit aggression levels were measured using the hot sauce paradigm and the single-category implicit association test (SC-IAT), respectively. In Study 2, 63 patients were randomly divided into an experimental (rejection) and a control group. Their state hostile attribution bias (SHAB) was activated through social rejection materials. They completed the SHAB questionnaire and anger expression inventory, and their explicit and implicit aggression levels were measured as in Study 1. Results: In both studies, results indicated that patients' trait and state HAB were significantly related to explicit aggression but not implicit aggression. Hostile interpretation positively predicted explicit aggression, whereas benign interpretation had a negative predictive effect on explicit aggression. Patients’ anger played a mediating role between SHAB and explicit aggression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients' HAB affects explicit aggression toward doctors and anger plays a mediating role.

Fan Ren MD, Feng Chen MM, Xiaoqian Xu MM et al.

Background: Lung cancer screening is not limited to low dose computed tomography (LDCT). Recently, molecular biomarkers have been shown to have the potential to improve the current state of early lung cancer detection. The current study determined the efficiency of seven autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (7-AABs) and tumor markers in patients with lung cancer. Materials and Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of 7-AABs and tumor markers in 354 patients with lung cancer and 108 patients with benign pulmonary disease under care at Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 7-AABs were 30.0%, 84.3%, 86.3%, and 0.61, respectively. When combining the 7-AABs and tumor markers, the sensitivity was 68.6%, the specificity was 52.8%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.72. The 7-AABs positive expression rate in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than patients with benign pulmonary diseases (30.1% vs 15.7%); however, the 7-AABs positive expression rate was affected by clinical features and pathologic stages. When combining 7-AABs and tumor markers, the combined 7-AABs and tumor marker positive expression rate increased to 68.6%. Conclusion: Based on this study and previous literature, the supplemental diagnostic value of 7-AABs has been confirmed; however, due to the low sensitivity, the value of 7-AABs alone in lung cancer screening is limited. The combination of 7-AABs and tumor markers has improved sensitivity and positivity, but decreased specificity, which makes their performance in cancer screening and early detection worthy of further research.

Rizky Bangun Wibisono

This paper aims to examine the complex interplay between migration, human rights, and security, focusing on the recent trends in state responses to refugee protection and the implications for international human rights standards. A qualitative analysis of current literature, policy documents, and case studies was conducted to assess the evolving political dynamics surrounding migration. The study also evaluates the roles of international organizations, such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in shaping refugee protection norms. Results: The findings reveal a significant rollback in state commitments to refugee protection, driven by rising nationalism and security concerns. This regression has resulted in the implementation of restrictive migration policies that prioritize national interests over humanitarian obligations, leading to increased vulnerability for displaced populations. The analysis highlights the critical role of NGOs and international bodies in advocating for refugee rights, despite facing challenges from state-centric approaches and power imbalances. Conclusions: The paper concludes that addressing the challenges at the intersection of migration, human rights, and security requires a concerted effort among states, civil society, and international organizations. By fostering collaboration and recognizing the human rights implications of migration, it is possible to develop more inclusive and compassionate policies that uphold the dignity and well-being of refugees and asylum seekers in a rapidly changing global context. give a great title for this article

Agata Jankowicz

Artykuł dotyczy zjawiska dekonstrukcji rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego we współczesnych parodiach audiowizualnych. Podstawowym celem tekstu jest identyfikacja i analiza technik stosowanych przez parodystów w celu dekonstrukcji wybranych środków językowych wykorzystywanych w wypowiedziach rytualnych pochodzących z rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego. Za materiał posłużyły rosyjskojęzyczne audiowizualne utwory parodystyczne publikowane na YouTube. Badanie polega na wyjawieniu intertekstualnych powiązań pomiędzy oryginalnymi wypowiedziami rosyjskich polityków i tekstami parodystycznymi, określeniu cech dyskursu politycznego poddanych parodii, analizie technik modyfikacji i określeniu funkcji tych transformacji. Artykuł obrazuje sposób, w jaki parodie odzwierciedlają idee ukryte pod warstwą werbalną wypowiedzi, uczestnicząc w konstruowaniu krytyki politycznej.

Joshua Owotogbe, Indika Kumara, Willem-Jan Van Den Heuvel et al.

Organizations, particularly medium and large enterprises, typically rely heavily on complex, distributed systems to deliver critical services and products. However, the growing complexity of these systems poses challenges in ensuring service availability, performance, and reliability. Traditional resilience testing methods often fail to capture the intricate interactions and failure modes of modern systems. Chaos Engineering addresses these challenges by proactively testing how systems in production behave under turbulent conditions, allowing developers to uncover and resolve potential issues before they escalate into outages. Though chaos engineering has received growing attention from researchers and practitioners alike, we observed a lack of reviews that synthesize insights from both academic and grey literature. Hence, we conducted a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) on chaos engineering to address this research gap by systematically analyzing 96 academic and grey literature sources published between January 2016 and April 2024. We first used the chosen sources to derive a unified definition of chaos engineering and to identify key functionalities, components, and adoption drivers. We also developed a taxonomy for chaos engineering platforms and compared the relevant tools using it. Finally, we analyzed the current state of chaos engineering research and identified several open research issues.

Jakob Assländer

Purpose: To identify the predominant source of the $T_1$ variability described in the literature, which ranges from 0.6-1.1 s for brain white matter at 3 T. Methods: 25 $T_1$-mapping methods from the literature were simulated with a mono-exponential and various magnetization-transfer (MT) models, each followed by mono-exponential fitting. A single set of model parameters was assumed for the simulation of all methods, and these parameters were estimated by fitting the simulation-based to the corresponding literature $T_1$ values of white matter at 3 T. We acquired in vivo data with a quantitative magnetization transfer and three $T_1$-mapping techniques. The former was used to synthesize MR images that correspond to the three $T_1$-mapping methods. A mono-exponential model was fitted to the experimental and corresponding synthesized MR images. Results: Mono-exponential simulations suggest good inter-method reproducibility and fail to explain the highly variable $T_1$ estimates in the literature. In contrast, MT simulations suggest that a mono-exponential fit results in a variable $T_1$ and explain up to 62% of the literature's variability. In our own in vivo experiments, MT explains 70% of the observed variability. Conclusion: The results suggest that a mono-exponential model does not adequately describe longitudinal relaxation in biological tissue. Therefore, $T_1$ in biological tissue should be considered only a semi-quantitative metric that is inherently contingent upon the imaging methodology; and comparisons between different $T_1$-mapping methods and the use of simplistic spin systems - such as doped-water phantoms - for validation should be viewed with caution.

Jonathan Liu, Seth Poulsen, Erica Goodwin et al.

Algorithm design is a vital skill developed in most undergraduate Computer Science (CS) programs, but few research studies focus on pedagogy related to algorithms coursework. To understand the work that has been done in the area, we present a systematic survey and literature review of CS Education studies. We search for research that is both related to algorithm design and evaluated on undergraduate-level students. Across all papers in the ACM Digital Library prior to August 2023, we only find 94 such papers. We first classify these papers by topic, evaluation metric, evaluation methods, and intervention target. Through our classification, we find a broad sparsity of papers which indicates that many open questions remain about teaching algorithm design, with each algorithm topic only being discussed in between 0 and 10 papers. We also note the need for papers using rigorous research methods, as only 38 out of 88 papers presenting quantitative data use statistical tests, and only 15 out of 45 papers presenting qualitative data use a coding scheme. Only 17 papers report controlled trials. We then synthesize the results of the existing literature to give insights into what the corpus reveals about how we should teach algorithms. Much of the literature explores implementing well-established practices, such as active learning or automated assessment, in the algorithms classroom. However, there are algorithms-specific results as well: a number of papers find that students may under-utilize certain algorithmic design techniques, and studies describe a variety of ways to select algorithms problems that increase student engagement and learning. The results we present, along with the publicly available set of papers collected, provide a detailed representation of the current corpus of CS Education work related to algorithm design and can orient further research in the area.