This volume contains the post-proceedings of the Sixteenth International Workshop on Graph Computation Models (GCM 2025). The workshops took place in Koblenz, Germany on June 10 as part of STAF (Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations). Graphs are common mathematical structures that are visual and intuitive. They constitute a natural and seamless way for system modeling in science, engineering, and beyond, including computer science, biology, and business process modeling. Graph computation models constitute a class of very high-level models where graphs are first-class citizens. The aim of the International GCM Workshop series is to bring together researchers interested in all aspects of computation models based on graphs and graph transformation. It promotes the cross-fertilizing exchange of ideas and experiences among senior and young researchers from the different communities interested in the foundations, applications, and implementations of graph computation models and related areas.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was a strong influx of foreign culture into Russia. As part of the influx, Japanese manga entered the former Soviet Union, including Russia. The purpose of this paper is to present a parallel corpus of Japanese manga text Hadashi no Gen (Barefoot Gen), which was familiar to people in the former Soviet Union, and its Russian translation. The author has been studying the translation of Japanese literature and manga works into Russian from the standpoint of Descriptive translation studies, with the question, “How are Japanese literature, manga, and anime works translated into Russian?” As part of this research, the author has created a parallel corpus of Hadashi no Gen. The use of corpora is important to objectively clarify norms and laws of translation. This paper introduces the current state of Japanese manga translation studies and corpus-based translation studies, and then presents the parallel corpus of Hadashi no Gen. The author lays out three texts: the Japanese original text, the old Russian translation text, and the new Russian translation text. Finally, a case study using the corpus was presented. The present researcher showed how many times the name “Gen,” the main character of Hadashi no Gen, appears in the Japanese original text, the old Russian translation text, and the new Russian translation text, and what translation strategies were used. The results of the survey revealed that in the old Russian translation, the name Gen was removed due to page omissions, while in the new Russian translation, Gen which appeared as a vocative in the Japanese text was removed. In the case of the former translation, the name Gen was probably deleted for editorial reasons, but in the case of the latter, the name Gen was probably deleted to make the text more natural as Russian. This new edition would have been translated with the aim of providing a more readable text for Russians.
Keywords: Parallel corpus, Manga, Hadashi no Gen, Japanese text, Russian text
The article deals with the genesis, semantics, and functions of the dragon image in Japanese culture. The relevance of the study is due to the increased attention of researchers to the basic values of local cultures, issues of symbolism, inextricably linked to the problems of national self-identification. The methodological basis of the study is the structural-semiotic approach, which was used to analyze the value content of the dragon image, the descriptive-analytical method, and the method of cognitive interpretation of the semantics of linguistic means verbalizing the dragon image in the Japanese language. In contrast to the Western tradition, in the culture of the peoples of East Asia, a dragon is a revered and significant symbol of power, strength, and authority. Stories about dragons are found in ancient texts of both Hinduism and Buddhism. It is established that the formation and evolution of the dragon cult in Japan was influenced by the mythical Chinese dragons, Indian Naga snakes, and the belief in dragons as deities of the water element. The author examines the genesis and evolution of the dragon image in different historical epochs, the influence of cultural-historical, natural, and religious factors on its transformation. It is shown that, in medieval Japan, the dragon was considered the protector of Buddhism, personifying strength, wisdom, prosperity, good luck, and images of these mythical creatures became an organic element of Buddhist culture. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the image of the dragon as a sign of the Chinese zodiacal calendar, the representations of dragons in Japanese mythology, fairy tales and legends, in Hitachi-Fudoki, Kojiki, Nihon shoki. In the mythological picture of the world of the Japanese, the dragon is ambivalent and has both positive and negative features. It is revealed that the image of the dragon occupies an important place in Japanese traditional culture, painting, architecture, arts and crafts, calendar holidays, is widely represented in proverbs and sayings, word combinations and idioms. The reference to Japanese phraseology allowed to expand the base of the study and to reveal the totality of ideas about the dragon in the worldview of native speakers of the Japanese language. The author concludes that, nowadays, the image of the dragon in Japan has lost its sacral significance and is mainly used as tribute to tradition.
Food security is a critical issue closely linked to human being. With the increasing demand for food, international trade has become the main access to supplementing domestic food shortages, which not only alleviates local food shocks, but also exposes economies to global food crises. In this paper, we construct four temporal international crop trade networks (iCTNs) based on trade values of maize, rice, soybean and wheat, and describe the structural evolution of different iCTNs from{ {1993}} to 2018. We find that the size of all the four iCTNs expanded from{ {1993}} to 2018 with more participants and larger trade values. Our results show that the iCTNs not only become tighter according to the increasing in network density and clustering coefficient, but also get more similar. We also find that the iCTNs are not always disassortative, unlike the world cereal trade networks and other international commodity trade networks. The degree assortative coefficients depend on degree directions and crop types. The analysis about assortativity also indicates that economies with high out-degrees tend to connect with economies with low in-degrees and low out-degrees. Additionally, we compare the structure of the four iCTNs to enhance our understanding of the international food trade system. Although the overall evolutionary patterns of different iCTNs are similar, some crops exhibit idiosyncratic trade patterns. It highlights the need to consider different crop networks' idiosyncratic features while making food policies. Our findings about the dynamics of the iCTNs play an important role in understanding vulnerabilities in the global food system.
Cоздание и развитие региональных и межрегиональных объединений (организаций, союзов, групп), стало общей тенденцией в международных отношениях. Региональное сотрудничество создает условия и механизмы для глобального взаимодействия. Происходит значительный рост числа региональных межгосударственных объединений, и на текущий момент практически каждое государство входит хотя бы в одно региональное объединение. Данная тенденция не обошла и Евразийское пространство, где после прекращения существования СССР и получения независимости новыми государствами, входившими ранее в состав СССР начали формироваться объединения регионального и межрегионального сотрудничества (СНГ, ОДКБ, ЕАЭС и др.). Региональные тенденции ожидаемо привели к созданию ШОС. Организация создавалась для обеспечения региональной безопасности и стабильности, и стала крупнейшей региональной организацией в мире с точки зрения географического охвата и численности населения. В связи с этим выход в свет коллективной монографии является важным вкладом в изучении деятельности Организации, направлений и сфер сотрудничества государств-членов ШОС, а также концептуальных вопросов, с которыми сталкивается ШОС.
Ключевые слова: Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества, гуманитарное сотрудничество, взаимная торговля, права человека, безопасность, борьба с терроризмом и экстремизмом, региональное сотрудничество
International relations, Comparative law. International uniform law
Much of the literature on emerging hypersonic weapons discusses their ability to deliver strategic nuclear strikes, conduct nuclear counterforce, or perform traditional tactical strikes in isolation. However, with their inherent versatility, a single hypersonic weapon can perform all of these roles without reconfiguration. I explain how the versatility of these new multipurpose weapons generates ambiguity and undermines the tenets of nuclear deterrence theory. National leaders who observe HPGM deployments on their nations’ borders will increasingly view HPGM weapons as tools of destabilizing counterforce, even if the deployers have defensive intentions. With HPGMs capable of traveling inter-continental distances on the horizon, policies of restraint will become necessary to clearly indicate intentions without increasing global fear of counterforce strikes.
Energy security and energy trade are the cornerstones of global economic and social development. The structural robustness of the international oil trade network (iOTN) plays an important role in the global economy. We integrate the machine learning optimization algorithm, game theory, and utility theory for learning an oil trade decision-making model which contains the benefit endowment and cost endowment of economies in international oil trades. We have reconstructed the network degree, clustering coefficient, and closeness of the iOTN well to verify the effectiveness of the model. In the end, policy simulations based on game theory and agent-based model are carried out in a more realistic environment. We find that the export-oriented economies are more vulnerable to be affected than import-oriented economies after receiving external shocks. Moreover, the impact of the increase and decrease of trade friction costs on the international oil trade is asymmetrical and there are significant differences between international organizations.
We develop the theory of topoi internal to an arbitrary $\infty$-topos $\mathcal B$. We provide several characterisations of these, including an internal analogue of Lurie's characterisation of $\infty$-topoi, but also a description in terms of the underlying sheaves of $\infty$-categories, and we prove a number of structural results about these objects. Furthermore, we show that the $\infty$-category of topoi internal to $\mathcal B$ is equivalent to the $\infty$-category of $\infty$-topoi over $\mathcal B$, and use this result to derive a formula for the pullback of $\infty$-topoi. Lastly, we use our theory to relate smooth geometric morphisms of $\infty$-topoi to internal locally contractible topoi.
Zhong Meng, Weiran Wang, Rohit Prabhavalkar
et al.
We propose JEIT, a joint end-to-end (E2E) model and internal language model (ILM) training method to inject large-scale unpaired text into ILM during E2E training which improves rare-word speech recognition. With JEIT, the E2E model computes an E2E loss on audio-transcript pairs while its ILM estimates a cross-entropy loss on unpaired text. The E2E model is trained to minimize a weighted sum of E2E and ILM losses. During JEIT, ILM absorbs knowledge from unpaired text while the E2E training serves as regularization. Unlike ILM adaptation methods, JEIT does not require a separate adaptation step and avoids the need for Kullback-Leibler divergence regularization of ILM. We also show that modular hybrid autoregressive transducer (MHAT) performs better than HAT in the JEIT framework, and is much more robust than HAT during ILM adaptation. To push the limit of unpaired text injection, we further propose a combined JEIT and JOIST training (CJJT) that benefits from modality matching, encoder text injection and ILM training. Both JEIT and CJJT can foster a more effective LM fusion. With 100B unpaired sentences, JEIT/CJJT improves rare-word recognition accuracy by up to 16.4% over a model trained without unpaired text.
Jayanthi Vajiram, Negha Senthil, Nean Adhith. P
et al.
The rapid growth of air and space travel in recent years has resulted in an increased demand for legal regulation in the aviation and aerospace fields. This paper provides an overview of air and space law, including the topics of aircraft accident investigations, air traffic control, international borders and law, and the regulation of space activities. With the increasing complexity of air and space travel, it is important to understand the legal implications of these activities. This paper examines the various legal aspects of air and space law, including the roles of national governments, international organizations, and private entities. It also provides an overview of the legal frameworks that govern these activities and the implications of international law. Finally, it considers the potential for future developments in the field of air and space law. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the legal aspects of air and space travel and their implications for international and domestic travel, as well as for international business and other activities in the air and space domains.
Rex W. Douglass, Thomas Leo Scherer, J. Andrés Gannon
et al.
How do international crises unfold? We conceptualize of international relations as a strategic chess game between adversaries and develop a systematic way to measure pieces, moves, and gambits accurately and consistently over a hundred years of history. We introduce a new ontology and dataset of international events called ICBe based on a very high-quality corpus of narratives from the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project. We demonstrate that ICBe has higher coverage, recall, and precision than existing state of the art datasets and conduct two detailed case studies of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and Crimea-Donbas Crisis (2014). We further introduce two new event visualizations (event icongraphy and crisis maps), an automated benchmark for measuring event recall using natural language processing (sythnetic narratives), and an ontology reconstruction task for objectively measuring event precision. We make the data, online appendix, replication material, and visualizations of every historical episode available at a companion website www.crisisevents.org and the github repository.
This volume contains the post-proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on Graph Computation Models (GCM 2022). The workshop took place in Nantes, France on 6th July 2022 as part of STAF 2022 (Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations). Graphs are common mathematical structures that are visual and intuitive. They constitute a natural and seamless way for system modelling in science, engineering, and beyond, including computer science, biology, and business process modelling. Graph computation models constitute a class of very high-level models where graphs are first-class citizens. The aim of the International GCM Workshop series is to bring together researchers interested in all aspects of computation models based on graphs and graph transformation. It promotes the cross-fertilising exchange of ideas and experiences among senior and young researchers from the different communities interested in the foundations, applications, and implementations of graph computation models and related areas.
Since the publication of the highly cited book of Richard Florida (“The Rise of the Creative
Class. And How it's Transforming Work, Leisure and Everyday Life”), creativity has been considered as a
new paradigm for economic development of cities and regions. In this context, evaluating the creative class
and the creative capital has become an increasingly important concern. At the same time, measuring creative
capital, in European countries in particular, remains underinvestigated. This paper is aimed at redressing this
gap by evaluating the creative capital index for several regions of France. A multi-method research design
was based on the Creative Capital Index project by PwC Russia. It was used to analyze both primary and
secondary data on five main variables – “Regional development”, “Population”, “Business environment”,
“Government” and “Brands” – from several French regions (Île-de-France, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bretagne, Occitanie and Pays de la Loire) obtained from European, national and regional open databases, official
websites of governmental and non-governmental organizations and other online resources. The analysis of the
results of creative capital index estimation and the investigation of creative projects, strategies and programs
that were implemented in the regions under study has shown that each region has its competitive advantage in
terms of specific aspects of creative capital. The results of the study may be of use to economists and policymakers by enabling them to recognize the key factors of creativity in their regions.
Considering the rich experience of using multimedia presentations as a teaching tool in higher education, in order to introduce new approaches and develop a methodology, there is a need to identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing practices, in particular to identify the emotional attitude of university students to existing lectures and presentations in the educational process and determine relevant opportunities to improve the practice of using interactive and visual educational tools.The empirical basis of the study was the results of a survey of students of 2–4 undergraduate courses at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the 2019–2020 academic year. The survey involved 404 respondents. To process the obtained data, we used the Google Forms and Microsoft Office Excel programs, general scientific methods (comparison, generalization), statistical analysis methods, as well as content analysis.The empirical study showed a high level of student satisfaction with the volume and effectiveness of multimedia presentations used in the educational process, and also confirmed the theoretical ideas about the advantages and limitations of linear form presentations that dominate in the educational environment. Critical remarks included design errors, oversaturation of visual material, activity out of sync, and flaws in speaker behavior. Among the new techniques for working with presentation materials, photographing slides was noted. An important observation was the students’ request for self-sufficient visual materials of lectures and access to them.Prospects and opportunities for transforming familiar lectures and the learning environment as a whole were identified taking into account the existing experience of presentations at the university; ways of solving the problems with students’ perception and acquisition of material are proposed and specific recommendations are given for organizing a wide range of classes with visual and interactive components, today these are, first of all, remote online courses (MOOC, e-learning) and new forms of organization classroom activities (“flipped classroom”).
Since their independence, Ukraine and Belarus have pursued relatively consistent but almost polar-opposite policies toward Russia. For the most part, the difference is explicable not as a product of differing material pressures and incentives (which do not, in fact, differ significantly), but as a consequence of differing popular and elite conceptions of Ukrainian and Belarusian national identities, which yield different beliefs about the proper relationship of those nations to Russia. The article argues that the difference is largely traceable to the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s southern lands – modern western and central Ukraine – were transferred to the Kingdom of Poland, and subsequently conquered by Russia in stages, while Belarus remained within Lithuania until also conquered by Russia. This resulted in different Ukrainian and Belarusian territories spending vastly different amounts of time under Polish rule. Considering that Rusian culture originally had a high status in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and that Polonization naturally proceeded more intensely in Poland than in Lithuania, the author hypothesizes that: 1) the longer a territory was under Polish rule, the more subject it was to Polonization; 2) the more it was subject to Polonization, the more it developed a western European identity; 3) the more Ukrainian and Belarusian national identities were westernized, the more alienated they became from non-westernized Rusian nationalities, primarily the (Great) Russian (русский / великорусский / российский); 4) the more alienated a national identity is from Russia, the more its bearers seek to separate themselves from Russia. The research finds out that the longer an area was under Polish rule, the more support it subsequently displayed for separation and distancing from Russia. Ukrainian territories, especially in the west and center of the country, were long under Polish rule and accordingly tend toward an anti-Russian alignment that was visible even a century ago. On the other hand, Belarus, ruled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania but never by Poland directly, expressed little desire to abandon the Russian Empire a century ago, and today continues a policy of friendship and integration with Russia.The article combines various qualitative and quantitative methods to demonstrate how centuries-long historical processes reshaped a national identity, with massive consequences that still endure today.