Hasil untuk "History of Portugal"

Heloisa Ribeiro, Luis Nogueira Silva, Manuel Viana et al.

Purpose The Portuguese Society of Hypertension is responsible for the Mission 70/26 Project, a movement that aims to achieve 70% control of hypertensive patients aged 18–65 years old, under Primary Healthcare by 2026. To reach the general population, different activities were done, in this article we will describe one in particular, the campaign called ‘Pela Saúde de Portugal’.Materials and methods From December 2023 to July 2024, there were nine screenings for hypertension done in eight cities in Portugal. Volunteers were asked about medical history, their weight and blood pressure were assessed and they were informed about Hypertension (HTN) and target organ damage.Results 479 screenings were performed. Of the participants, 243 (51%) were female. History of hypertension was reported in 34,7% of them and 32,4% of these were taking medication. There was a significant blood pressure (BP) reduction from the first to the third measurement and both systolic and diastolic BP (mean of the second and third measurements) were higher in hypertensive patients. There were significant BP differences between the cities.Conclusion ‘Pela Saúde de Portugal’ was not a study of the prevalence of hypertension but merely an awareness campaign with HTN screening done all around the country. This type of campaign is important to draw attention to HTN and other risk factors, improving health literacy in this field. The analysis of the volunteer’s characteristics is important to design future interventions.

D. N. Ermolovich

The article examines the Portuguese Revolution of 1974 from 1974 to 1976, focusing on the influence of external forces. The analysis extensively utilizes documentary materials published by the U.S. State Department during the period under consideration, as well as memoirs by Portuguese and foreign authors. The study explores the process of shaping the United States' new foreign policy towards Portugal after the revolution, comparing American and European approaches to the events in Portugal. The role of the USSR and other socialist countries is also examined. The research findings indicate that the revolution caught the American leadership off guard. Initially, the U.S. response was restrained, but their attitude changed after members of the Communist Party joined the government. The U.S. adopted a policy of exerting political and economic pressure on the Portuguese leadership to exclude communists from the government, supporting all opposition left-wing parties, and exploiting divisions within left-wing forces. The Soviet Union provided relatively modest support to Portuguese communists, while socialist bloc countries showed significantly greater involvement and enthusiasm. U.S. allies in Europe took more moderate positions. European diplomacy made significant efforts to avoid direct confrontation between the U.S. and the USSR, with the greatest challenge being to prevent the U.S. from demonstrating its power on the European continent.

Ana Saraiva, Rui Paixão

Jeremy M. N. Roe

The primary focus of this study is Agostinho de Almeida Gato’s extensive account of the celebrations held for the acclamation of John IV of Portugal in 1641 in Cochin. Drawing on studies of the Iberian monarchies as polycentric spaces, intellectual culture in the Estado da Índia and the historiography of early modern Iberian festival culture Gato’s text is analysed as both a testimony to the spectacle that was staged in Cochin and a text addressed to John IV in Portugal. Concerning the history of Cochin, and Portuguese India more broadly, it is argued that the spectacle of kingship staged by the festivities sought to underscore the significance of the oath of loyalty sworn by the population of Portuguese Cochin and address the interweaving of the concerns of the imperial, colonial and indigenous elites. Furthermore, consideration is given to how Gato’s account served as a form of a petition to the king.

Silva N, Ferreira A, Ferreira N et al.

Nisa Silva,1,&ast; André Ferreira,1,2,&ast; Natália Ferreira,1 Bernardete Pessoa,1,3 Angelina Meireles1,3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, 4099-001, Portugal; 2Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nisa SilvaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, 4099-001, PortugalTel +351 22 207 7500Email nisapinhosilva@gmail.comBackground: The main options for intraocular lens (IOL) placement without capsular bag support and/or zonular weakness are iris-fixated IOL and scleral-fixated IOL (SFIOL).Purpose: To describe the surgical technique and the outcomes of intrascleral knotless zigzag suture fixation of Akreos AO60 foldable IOL.Methods: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases.Results: Ninety-nine eyes of 92 patients were retrospectively studied. The mean age was 72.1± 15.2 years (range 18– 94), and the median follow-up duration was 19.5 months (range 3– 81). The best-corrected visual acuity improved from a mean±SD of 1.34± 0.70 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units at baseline to 0.49± 0.56 logMAR at the end of follow-up (p< 0.001). The mean±SD final SE was − 1.24± 1.82 diopters. The mean±SD prediction error was − 0.51± 1.16 diopters. The overall perioperative complications rate was 44.4% (n=44). The rate of complications requiring invasive treatment was 19.2% (n=19). The most common perioperative complications were ocular hypertension (OHT, 20.2%, n=20), and cystoid macular edema (CME, 15.2%, n=15). The rate of IOL dislocation was 7% (n=7).Conclusion: This knotless technique avoids the risks of haptics fixation but is more prone to IOL dislocation in cases of suture deterioration. Past ophthalmic history needs to be carefully considered in candidates who underwent SFIOL implantation.Keywords: intraocular lens, scleral fixation, knotless, cataract, lens luxation

António Pedro Manique

Joana Zanol, Luis F. Carrera-Parra, Tatiana Menchini Steiner et al.

In this study, we analyze the current state of knowledge on extant Eunicida systematics, morphology, feeding, life history, habitat, ecology, distribution patterns, local diversity and exploitation. Eunicida is an order of Errantia annelids characterized by the presence of ventral mandibles and dorsal maxillae in a ventral muscularized pharynx. The origin of Eunicida dates back to the late Cambrian, and the peaks of jaw morphology diversity and number of families are in the Ordovician. Species richness is heterogeneous among the seven recent families, with more than half of the valid species belonging to the Eunicidae + Onuphidae clade, one of the latest clades to diverge. Eunicidans inhabit soft and hard substrates from intertidal to deep waters in all oceans. The few freshwater species are restricted to Histriobdellidae, a family exclusively commensal/parasite of crustaceans. The reproductive biology, development and ecology of most families are poorly known and the information available suggests low dispersal ability. However, all families have records of widely distributed species. Scrutiny of these wide distributions has often revealed the presence of exotic species or more than one species. The exploration of the deep-sea and of new habitats has led to recent descriptions of new species. Furthermore, the revision of type specimens, the examination of new morphological features and the use of molecular data have revealed hidden biodiversity under unjustified synonyms, poor understanding of morphological features and incomplete descriptions. Molecular studies are still very few or nonexistent for the families Histriobdellidae, Hartmaniellidae, Lumbrineridae and Oenonidae. The integration of new methodologies for morphological and molecular study, along with information on biological and ecological traits appears to be the path to improve the knowledge on the diversity of Eunicida.

Tiago Manuel Barbosa

The 2020 Summer Olympic Games reached to an end in Tokyo, Japan. Even though all the hiccups, constraints, and challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Games were successfully held in August 2021. For the first time in history, Team Portugal won four medals (one gold, one silver, and two bronzes). In 2018 the Portuguese Olympic Committee signed a contract with the Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth (i.e., Portuguese government) listing the deliverables of the mission Tokyo 2020 against a funding scheme of 18.5 million euros (Contrato n.º 33-A/2018; Contrato -Programa de Desenvolvimento Desportivo n.º CP/1/DDF/2018). The document sets, among other goals and deliverables, that no less than two medals would be won at Tokyo 2020 (section IV.1. of the contract). On the road to Tokyo, Portugal got more than two medallists at World Championships in several Olympic sports. Indeed, there were six to eight potential medallists at the 2020 Olympic Games (O Jogo, 2021). There is evidence that just one-third to one-fourth of the Olympic athletes are able to excel and outperform at the Olympic Games. In the sport of competitive swimming, just 29.82% of all male Olympians and 53.84% of the finalists at Rio 2016 improved their entry times (Barbosa, 2016a). On average, only 30% of the swimmers were able to improve their entry time at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games (Barbosa, 2016b). At Rio 2016, Team Portugal was expected to win two medals out of nine potential medallists, i.e., almost 25% of effectiveness (Garcia, 2016). Thus, one can wonder if the Portuguese Olympic Committee was sensible, assuming that two athletes would reach the podium spot out of six to eight potential medallists. Also, it begs the question if the four medals won were an outstanding achievement, deemed as a substantial improvement of the Portuguese sports system or, if alternatively, the Portuguese Olympic Committee underestimated the number of medals that the country could win.

Teresa Fernandes-Swiatkiewicz

The present study falls within the scope of research dedicated to external history of literary translation and applies the framework designed by Gideon Toury (1995/2012), which has a historical, empirical, descriptive and explanatory character. It reconstructs preliminary norms in direct Polish-European Portuguese literary translation in the period between 1985 and 2010, by investigating (1) the nature of translation policy in Portugal concerning Polish literature, and (2) the reasons for choosing a direct translation of Polish literature into European Portuguese. Following the latest trends, special attention is given to the translators’ biography since translators are bridge-builders between cultures.

Vânia Silva Rodrigues

A partir da experiência de trabalho concreta da autora na área da produção e da gestão cultural, e da análise de um conjunto alargado de entrevistas a produtores activos no campo do teatro e da dança, o artigo propõe uma revisão das relações entre criação artística e produção no campo das artes performativas. Nele se discute a necessidade de tornar visíveis os mecanismos de suporte à criação artística; a necessidade de inscrever os processos produtivos no campo ético e da solidariedade; a necessidade de uma produção emancipada, com autonomia intelectual e processual; a necessidade de resgatar as profissões de produção e gestão cultural relativamente às determinações da esfera administrativa, de pendor tecnocrata; e, de modo assumido, a urgência de um questionamento radical das formas de trabalho nas artes performativas, designadamente quanto à prevalência de modelos de trabalho demasiado hierarquizados. Reflectiremos, igualmente, acerca do posicionamento da produção e da gestão cultural no contexto do capitalismo neoliberal, cruzando reptos - provenientes tanto da teoria como da prática - a favor da repolitização da disciplina: a favor de recentrar a gestão cultural num conjunto de valores e princípios que a afastem da burocracia institucional e, simultaneamente, a libertem da sua fase ontológica.

Máximo García

Edmundo Cordeiro

Pedro Costa’s last film, Cavalo Dinheiro [Horse Money, 2014], continues the work with Ventura in a way that could be seen to overtake Vanda’s role in his series of films since Ossos [Bones, 1997]. In Juventude em Marcha [Colossal Youth, 2006], by means of «the power of the false» (Deleuze), Ventura is a stratigraphic character, the result of a confrontation between fictional and documentary powers which permanently shifts, in Ventura himself, the actually existing Ventura from the invented Ventura. This builds a portrait that, with the ritornello of the film — Ventura's insistent recitation of a love letter —, moves across centuries of Portugal and world’s history. But in Horse Money, both concentration and fragmentation increase. There are all kind of coincidences and clashes between the past and the present time, which are presented in a glossolalia, voices that spread memory everywhere, as in the final sequence in the elevator, when we have Ventura and a soldier of the 25 April Revolution completely mummified, transformed into a golden statue. I want to highlight the everlasting present created through the length of time and the scarcity of space (we don’t get out of the elevator for a prolonged period of time). This is not a time that corresponds to confusion or delirium; this is the time built by the film, and I will particularly focus my paper on this coincident mental and historical landscape that, by entailing the body and the life of a person transformed into a character, allows to the filmmaker to ride through history with Ventura’s horse-money (‘money’ is the name of Ventura’s horse left in Cap Vert). We have no predefined thoughts and Pedro Costa does not provide us with any exits, but “the nerve-wave that gives rise to thought” (Artaud, via Deleuze) mixes with the noise of the tremor of the elevator that continues without stopping.

João Miguel Simões

Inicialmente, a zona envolvente do Mosteiro da Trindade era um olival na franja urbana da cidade de Lisboa. No século XIV, a muralha fernandina dividiu-o ficando uma parcela dentro de muros, a qual foi urbanizada nos inícios do século XVI, e uma exterior, denominada de “Herdade de São Roque”, urbanizada mais tarde, em meados do século. O loteamento e a urbanização decorreram de forma rápida e, pela análise das confrontações, foi possível identificar cada um dos lotes e os seus proprietários iniciais. Três destes lotes deram origem ao atual Palácio dos Condes de Tomar, imóvel que recebeu uma grande campanha artística no século XIX, visível na sua escadaria monumental, nos seus estuques interiores e na fachada ao gosto do Barroco italiano, mas preservou nas paredes interiores diversos vestígios da sua fase inicial, de meados do século XVI, e do processo de absorção dos lotes vizinhos.

Andrea Nicklisch

The following contribution will show the importance of artefacts and of "material culture" in the case of religious communication in the Andes during colonial times. It investigates the transcultural function of ecclesiastic silver objects as a part of the conversion of the indigenous population. The object produced their meaning as transcultural media not only through iconography, but also due to allocations to their material. These allocations were very often invisible, but part of knowledge and memories of indigenous and European people. The perception of the information that was communicated by the objects was more a sensory one than cognitive. The approach to use allocations to the material as well as iconography opens new ways of interpreting material culture.

Joan Torres-Pou

La obra del mexicano Ángel de Campo es poco conocida, sin embargo, no sólo sus textos son uno de los mejores testimonios de la vida en México durante el siglo XIX, sino que son buena muestra de las estrategias de las que debieron valerse los escritores durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz para develar las injusticias de un sistema que ocultaba la opresión y la miseria bajo su apariencia democrática y progresista. En el presente estudio analizo la crítica que De Campo realiza mediante su novela corta La Rumba (1890-1891) del discurso positivista en el que se articulaba la frágil modernidad de la sociedad mexicana de fin de siglo, así como su denuncia del papel que el periodismo y las ciencias sociales jugaban dentro del aparato represor del Porfiriato.

Julio César Pinto Soria

Este artículo se ocupa de la hasta ahora poco investigada vida de Bernal Díaz del Castillo en Guatemala, país donde escribe la Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España en la segunda mitad del siglo xvi. La primera parte analiza la crónica, su importancia y principales ediciones críticas. La parte central se dedica a la relación de Bernal Díaz con la historia de Guatemala. Se aborda su comportamiento como encomendero, su vínculo con los indígenas y con el régimen colonial guatemalteco. La última parte profundiza en el cronista, las circunstancias y sus motivos para escribir la crónica, y en el lugar de esta en el imaginario cultural y político de Guatemala. En una posdata se hace referencia crítica a la obra de Christian Duverger (2012) que cuestiona a Bernal Díaz como autor de la crónica. Abstract  This article deals with the hitherto scarcely researched life of Bernal Díaz del Castillo in Guatemala, country where he wrote the True History of the Conquest of New Spain in the second half of the 16th century. The first chapter examines the chronicle, its importance and main critical editions. The Bernal Diaz’s relationship with the history of Guatemala is addressed in the main chapter, exploring his behavior as an encomendero, his link with the indigenous people and the Guatemalan colonial regime. The last chapter delves in the chronicler, the circumstances and his motivation for writing the chronicle, as well as its place in the cultural and political imaginary of Guatemala. As a PostScript, a critical reference to the work of Christian Duverger (2012), who questions Bernal Díaz as the author of the chronicle, is presented.

Andrés Jiménez Ángel

El propósito del presente artículo es mostrar cómo los principios teóricos y metodológicos del paradigma histórico-comparativo de la “ciencia del lenguaje” sirvieron de herramientas de legitimación y validación científica de las pretensiones de intelectuales y políticos colombianos de erigirse en intérpretes y vigías privilegiados de la “lengua pura” y del “bien hablar” como elementos configurativos de un discurso reaccionario formulado como respuesta a la amenaza percibida en los gobiernos liberales del llamado “Olimpo radical”.   Abstract   This article attempts to show how the methodological and theoretical principles of the historical-comparative paradigm of the “science of language” were instrumentalized by Colombian politicians and intellectuals to present themselves as privileged watchers and interpreters of “pure language” and “correct speaking”, two central elements of the conservative cultural reaction to liberal reforms during the so called “Olimpo Radical”.

Alberto Pérez Amador Adam

En 1927 se conmemoró en el mundo hispano el tercer centenario de la muerte de Góngora. Tales festividades incitaron a investigar la recepción del poeta culterano en la América virreinal y, en particular, en el México del siglo XVII. Así se redescubrió la obra de una monja jerónima, sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, que gozó en vida de gran fama, pero que fue olvidada poco después de su muerte, acaecida en 1695. Hoy, cuarenta años después de la primera edición moderna de sus obras completas, la obra de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz es considerada una de las aportaciones más altas del continente americano a la literatura universal. Pero, ¿quién fue sor Juana Inés de la Cruz?

Karsai Zoltán-Krisztián

During its 13 year history, the euro area experienced the most severe economic downturn in the late 2000s as a result of the 2007 financial-economic crisis stemming from the US banking sector. The crisis in the monetary union, besides posting a significant economic and social cost, revealed several weaknesses not just of the currency block as a whole, but also of its constituting members, which were masked by the prosperous economic environment characteristic for the 2000s. These conditions have put to the test the solidarity among the euro zone members, or in other words the existence of the currency block. One important problem of the currency block is the lack of harmony between the fiscal and economic policies of the member states, creating several and occasionally very divergent parts of the currency block. The aim of this research is to enhance the Maastricht convergence criteria’s and the Stability and Growth Pact’s role as a monitoring mechanism, allowing them to become more informative tools for the policy makers. For this, based on the relevant literature, we propose new potential explanatory variables which could enhance the role of the Maastricht convergence criteria and the Stability and Growth Pact. Some of the studied variables, like indebtedness of the private sector, capital flow compared to the size of the economy, government revenue compared to total public debt and current account balance help in enforcing the nominal convergence, while others (real labour productivity) contribute to the real convergence. The explanatory power of the proposed variables are investigated in the case of France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain for the period comprised between 2000Q1-2011Q4. Results of the research show that with the exception of government revenue compared to total public debt, all proposed variables have significant explanatory power regarding the evolution of the state of the economy in all seven countries analyzed. France and Germany, characterized by healthy fiscal and economic policies is also exposed to risks stemming from the evolution of the private debt. In case of Greece, Ireland and Spain the high current account deficit represented a significant explanatory variable, while the outstanding loans to the private sector proved to be significant in the case of Ireland, Italy and Portugal. The significance of real labour productivity for Greece and Italy proves that real convergence should also be obtained beside nominal convergence by economies in the currency block. All significant variables had explanatory power through their lagged value, hence counterbalancing policies can be elaborated in a timely manner in order to stabilize the economy if signs indicate a potentially unsustainable economic path.

G Gonçalves, F Tavares, H R de Andrade

The Portuguese national programme of vaccination has instituted a two-dose MMR vaccine schedule. The second dose of MMR (measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccine) is given at 11-13 years of age, for both sexes. This study was conducted to evaluate the duration of immunity of the monovalent measles vaccine, and the efficacy of a second dose given as MMR. MMR (Triviraten Berna with the strain Edmonston-Zagreb) was given to the 38 participants. Blood samples were collected before and after vaccination. Thirty-six participants had been vaccinated with measles monovalent vaccine during childhood. To measure anti-measles IgG (mIgG), an enzyme immunoassay was used. Participants were classified as "susceptible" or "immune", using 200 mIU/ml (milli international units per millilitre) as the threshold for "immune". Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of mIgG was 1401 mIU/ml in prevaccination sera (n = 38). Thirty-five (92%) of the adolescents were "immune". Only the two unvaccinated had a positive measles history. GMC in the sera of the 36 vaccinated participants was 1301 mIU/ml. Neither the time since measles vaccination nor age at vaccination were correlated with the levels of mIgG. After receiving MMR, all adolescents became "immune". GMC of mIgG was 2879 mIU/ml in postvaccination sera (n = 38). In 28 (74%) participants, mIgG levels increased after receiving MMR. Mean concentration increase was 1082 mIU/ml. For measles, results support the use of a two-dose MMR vaccine schedule in Portugal.